This text deals with the economic development of Victoria in the 19th and early 20th century.Published to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the European settlement of VictoriaHard cover. 382 pages, illus., maps.victoria land use, victoria economic conditions, victoria history, victoria social conditions, susan priestley, melbourne suburbs

This type of mould was commonly used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, especially in British and European households, where steamed puddings were a popular dessert. It was widely used before modern ovens with consistent temperature control became commonplace. This is a traditional steamed pudding mould, used to prepare bread pudding, suet pudding, or steamed cakes. The central tube allows for more efficient heat distribution, ensuring even cooking throughout the dense pudding mixture. Typically used in water baths (bain-marie) or steamers, placed in a pot of boiling water for slow and even cooking.This is a vintage metal bread pudding steam mould, consisting of a cylindrical metal container with a fitted lid and an internal central tube to aid in even heat distribution. The key features include: A round metal basin with a slightly tapered shape, designed to hold the pudding mixture. A removable metal lid with a handle for easy lifting. A central tube (chimney-like structure), which helps ensure even cooking by allowing steam or heat to circulate through the center of the pudding. The metal surface shows signs of age, rust, and patina, indicating long-term use.cooking, baking, kitchen, pudding, bread, household item, mould

The tin and iron kettles reflect pioneer and homestead life, where durability was key. The ornate porcelain teapot represents Victorian or Edwardian elegance, common in high-society tea rituals. The woven ceramic teapot may have been imported from Asia, showing the influence of international trade on household items.This collection includes six antique teapots and kettles of different materials, shapes, and designs, reflecting various historical periods and cultural influences. Top Left – Enamelware Coffee Pot/Kettle: Cylindrical blue speckled enamelware pot with a long, curved spout. Black enamel handle and fitted lid with a knob. Likely a camping-style or farmhouse coffee pot, commonly used in the early 20th century. Top Middle – Porcelain Teapot with Ornate Design: White ceramic teapot with richly decorated blue and red floral motifs. Gold accents along the lid and spout. Small curved spout and graceful looped handle. Resembles Victorian or Edwardian-era tea ware, possibly British or European origin. Top Right – Black Metal Kettle: Heavy iron or tin kettle with a square, boxy shape. Simple round lid with a white knob. Sturdy handle and straight spout suggest it was designed for practical, everyday use, possibly from the 19th or early 20th century. From Mrs SCHURMANN of Natimuk. Bottom Left – Large Tin or Metal Kettle: Rounded body with a wide spout and broad, arching handle. Likely made of tin or aluminium, with signs of wear and rust. Used for boiling water over an open fire, common in rural households or railway camps. Bottom Middle – Woven Ceramic Teapot: Small, delicate ceramic teapot with a woven basket-like texture. Blue floral decorations on a cream-colored base. Bamboo-style handle and spout, suggesting Asian influence, possibly Chinese or Japanese. Bottom Right – Brown Glazed Teapot: Traditional round-bodied teapot with a rich brown glaze. Simple curved spout and arched handle. Resembles British or Australian stoneware teapots, popular from the 19th century through mid-20th century.tea, coffee, pot, jug, household item

This type of household scale was commonly used in kitchens, small shops, and markets during the late 19th and early 20th centuries for weighing food, produce, and other goods. The ornate design suggests it was a decorative yet functional piece, possibly from the Victorian or Edwardian era. These scales were widely manufactured by companies in England, Europe, and the United States, with many becoming collector’s items today.The item is an antique cast iron household scale with an ornate, decorative base and a round weighing platform on top. The scale features a large, circular dial with black printed numerals and markings, which measure weight up to 20 lbs. The face of the dial is aged and rusted, showing signs of wear and discoloration. The body of the scale is elaborately designed with intricate scrollwork and raised relief patterns, characteristic of Victorian or early 20th-century craftsmanship.scales, weight, food, kitchen, household

This type of mould was commonly used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for baking steamed puddings or cakes. The central hole allows for even heat distribution. Such moulds were popular in European and Australian kitchens for making traditional desserts like steamed Christmas pudding or gelatine-based dishes. The wear and patina suggest it was well-used, likely in a domestic setting.The item is a two-piece metal baking mould, possibly a vintage pudding or cake mould. The top half is domed with vertical ridges and a central hole, resembling a Bundt or pudding mould. The bottom half is a flat circular base with slightly raised edges. The mould has small loops on the sides, likely for securing the two halves together. The surface shows signs of aging, including discoloration and wear.pudding, steamer, cooking, baking, kitchen, food, household item

The sickle has been used for thousands of years, dating back to ancient civilizations for grain harvesting and crop gathering. It was widely used in Australian and European agriculture before mechanized farming tools became common. The rust and patina suggest this sickle may be an early 20th-century or even 19th-century example. It was a key tool in subsistence farming, hay cutting, and manual harvesting, making it a valuable artifact of rural history. Likely from the EMMERSON Estate at Clear Lake.This is a vintage sickle, a traditional agricultural hand tool used for harvesting crops, cutting grass, or clearing vegetation. The sickle consists of two main parts: A curved metal blade with a sharp inner edge, designed for efficient cutting with a swinging motion. The blade appears rusted and aged, indicating significant historical use. A wooden handle, which is cylindrical and smooth, showing signs of wear and darkening from age and handling. The handle is attached to the blade with a metal tang inserted into the wood, ensuring stability.farm equipment, harvesting, crops, cutting tool, emmerson

This doll was produced in Germany in the early 20th century, a peak period for high-quality European doll manufacturing. The factory mark and inscription link it to the Heubach Köppelsdorf company, known for exporting dolls to English-speaking markets, including Australia. The finely detailed features and costuming suggest it was intended as a keepsake or display doll, possibly given as a special gift for a child or collected by adults. Dolls like this were common in middle-class households and often became heirlooms, passed down through generations. This doll was a gift to Alma KORBER for her 6th birthday by her grandfather Heinrich Ernst HAUSTORFER (1835-1921). The doll retains her original clothes. It was made by Ernst HEUBACH's porcelain factory in Koppelsdorf, Germany. They made bisque doll heads on kid or composition bodies.A vintage porcelain-headed doll dressed in a cream-coloured, ankle-length, lace overlay dress with long sleeves, and a soft pink bonnet. The doll has painted facial features, including blue eyes, detailed eyebrows, and red lips. The body is made of cloth, with stitched white upper stockings and dark brown felt lower legs. The feet are fitted with miniature black shoes with small metal buckles. Bisque shoulder head, single stroke painted eyebrows, sleep eyes, painted eyelashes, open mouth, jointed kid body, crocheted dress, bonnet and one shoe is missing.The back of the doll's shoulder plate is inscribed: "1904 1/0" "Made in Germany" Includes a horseshoe maker's mark, which is attributed to Heubach Köppelsdorf, a well-known German doll manufacturer These markings suggest the doll was manufactured around 1904, likely for export. Horseshoe mark 1903 - 7/0 Made in Germanykorber, haustorfer, heubach, germany, migration, doll, natimuk, toy, children, household item

This sign likely dates from the late 19th to early 20th century and would have been displayed at the premises of J. Crump, a general storekeeper with businesses in both Dandenong and Natimuk, Victoria. The artistic Alpine design may reflect European influence, common in imported signage and decorative goods of the period. General stores were essential rural businesses, supplying groceries, clothing, hardware, and farm supplies to regional communities. This sign is both a piece of retail advertising and a decorative item, representing the entrepreneurial spirit of local business in small-town Victoria. John Grump was an entrepreneur and had stores in Natimuk, Horsham in the late 19th century. He was mayor of Horsham in 1903-1904. That same year he left Horsham for Dandenong where he opened a general store on Lonsdale Street.A highly decorative metal store sign or plaque, on cardboard material, featuring a rustic Alpine-themed design deer. The upper section depicts a woodland scene with two mountain goats or ibex standing among rocks and trees. The border incorporates tree trunk and branch motifs, giving it a naturalistic, carved-wood appearance, though the item is made of metal. The central portion contains a plaque with engraved or painted text reading: J. CRUMP General Storekeeper DANDENONG & NATIMUK "Best Goods at Lowest Prices" The overall design has a Germanic or Tyrolean aesthetic, suggesting it may have been imported or inspired by European folk art styles.J. CRUMP General Storekeeper DANDENONG & NATIMUK “Best Goods at Lowest Prices”natimuk, horsham, dandenong, general store, crump, antlers, chamois, migration, deers, commercial item