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Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Instrument - Letter Scale, Philip Jakob, Maul, 1930s
Jakob Maul (1866-1953) founded a metal works factory in 1912 at Zell in Odenwald not far from Frankfurt. He was born the son of a winegrower from the Rheinhessen region of Germany that lies on the left bank of the river Rhine. At the age of 45, he started a metal works factory to produce various types of scales but during the second world war the factory was bombed and production ended. Production for the manufacture of scales resumed in 1948. In 1953 at his death Jakobs son Fritz Scharmann an engineer who had been working with his father since 1923 took over the management of the Maul companies. In 1970 the production responsibilities for Philip J Maul was taken over by Porti Office Equipment who was based in Hamburg. The company has undergone several integrations with subsidiary companies. Today the company has diversified into different areas one of which is manufacturing solar scales. An original postal scale made in Germany before the Second World War and regarded today as a collector's item. It is significant as it is a snapshot into the past and how everyday vintage items were used and interacted within society in the 1930s.Antique German Jacob Maul "Concav" brass postal or letter scale, quadrant type, with pendulum, measuring up to 9ozs. The scale has a level-adjusting screw.The balance is marked "CONCAV" and graduated in imperial ounces to 9 ozflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, scale, quadrant scale, postal weight, 9 oz, philip jakob, maul, scale manufacturer, german industry, weighing instrument, inclination scale -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Equipment - Spring Balance Scale, George Salter & Co, 1920s
... -Maritime-Village Salter Balance Scale Weight Measuring Scale ...Scales such as the subject item were used to measure commercial quantities, possibly grains and farm produce for quite large amounts of product. Bags of grain etc would have been hooked up and weighed. Salter has been a name long associated with weights and measures. The firm began life in the late 1760s in the village of Bilston, England when Richard Salter, a spring maker, began making the first spring scales in Britain. He called these scales "pocket steelyards", though they work on a different principle from steelyard balances. By 1825 his nephew George had taken over the company, which became known as George Salter & Co. George later established a manufacturing site in the town of West Bromwich, about 4 miles (7 km) from Bilston. West Bromwich Albion football club was formed from workers at this works site. From here the company produced a wide variety of scales including the UK's first bathroom scales. Other items were added to the range, including irons, mincers, potato chippers, coin-operated machines and the first typewriters made in the UK. The business thrived throughout the 1900s, and by 1950 it employed over 2000 people, still in the same area and owned by the same family.Salter is a British housewares brand developing products that span a wide range of core product categories, including scales, electrical, cookware. It is a market leader in kitchen and bathroom scales and one of the UK’s oldest consumer brands. Established in 1760, Salter has been developing precision products for over 260 years. It was acquired by Manchester-based consumer goods giant Ultimate Products in 2021 after they had previously licensed the brand for cookware and kitchen electrical since 2011.Balance scale Salters Spring Balance consisting of a circular, bronze face engraved with measurements in pounds, with an iron hand, weighing mechanism and hanging loop. Engraved on the face: "Class III Salter's Spring Balance Silvester's Patent To Weigh 300lbs".flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, salter balance scale, weight measuring scale, weighing dry goods -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Instrument - Scale, Early 20th century
... to jewellers and postal workers. Known as an unequal arm balance scale...). Some counter scales were designed for measuring spices, others ...The basic balance scale has been around for thousands of years and its accuracy has improved dramatically over the last several centuries, the principle behind this tool remains unchanged. Its parts include a fulcrum, a beam that balances on it, a pan at the end of the beam to hold the materials to be weighed, and a flat platform at the other for the counter-balancing weights. Balance scales that require equal weights on each side of the fulcrum have been used by everyone from apothecaries and assayers to jewellers and postal workers. Known as an unequal arm balance scale, this variety builds the counterweight into the device. Counter scales used in dry-goods stores and domestic kitchens often featured Japanned or (blackened) cast iron with bronze trims. Made by companies such as Howe and Fairbanks, the footed tin pans of these scales were often oblong, some encircled at one end so bulk items could be easily poured into a bag. Seamless pans were typically stamped from brass and given style names like Snuff (the smallest) and Birmingham (the largest). Some counter scales were designed for measuring spices, others for weighing slices of cake. In the 18th century, spring scales began to appear and would use the resistance of spring to calculate weights, which are read automatically on the scale’s face. The ease of use of spring scales over balance scales. One of the most common types of spring scales was the kitchen scale also known as a family or dial scale. Designed for horizontal surfaces, these vintage kitchen scales used the weight of goods in a pan at the top of the scale to force the spring down rather than the balance system. Such scales were common in early 20th century households and were sold by many companies. Many had flat weighing surfaces but some were topped by shallow pans. Companies such as Salters, Chatillon, and Fairbanks were the most popular brands used. These scales are significant as they identify one of the basic preparation items for the weighing of foodstuff in the family kitchen to prepare everyday meals. This item is significant as it gives a snapshot into domestic life within the average home in Australia around the turn of the twentieth century and is, therefore, an item with social relevance. Black cast iron, medium weighing scales, with a fulcrum which the beam that balances on, there is as scoop at one end for the material to be weighted and a flat circular disc at the other end that holds the weights. Around the cast iron base is an embossed leaf pattern. All the weights have their weight embossed within the casting.There are 5 weights, marked 2 oz, 4 oz,8 oz,1 lb,2 lb, This scale does not have any visual markings on the arms to identify a maker or true balance. It is therefore assumed that these scales were made for domestic use only.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, spring scale, scale -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Instrument - Mariner's astrolabe, Late 20th century
This representative example demonstrates a mariner’s astrolabe. Historical examples are rare. There are less than one hundred known to exist and most of these have been recovered from shipwrecks, many from Spanish and Portuguese vessels. An astrolabe is a measuring device once used to navigate the seas by observing the sun and stars to measure their altitude. The measurement of altitude could then be used to calculate the ship’s latitude but at that time in history there was no means of measuring longitude. The body of the navigational astrolabe was cast brass and much heavier, and less complicated than the variety used on land. The heavier weight and cut-away shape reduced the effect of the wind and waves when trying to use it at sea. A mariner’s astrolabe or ‘star finder’ is a simplified version than that used by Arabic astronomers to find the altitude of the sun and stars above the horizon, and time of the sunrise and sunset. It is a forerunner to the quadrant, octant and sextant and was popular for about 200 years over the 1500s and 1600s to find the latitude of a ship at sea. The user held the astrolabe at eye level and, usually with assistance, aligned the stars through the two small sights (pinnules), then read the altitude indicated by the pointer on the arm. It could also be used to sight the sun by holding it lower down, aiming it at the sun, and adjusting it until the sun shone through both pinnules. This astrolabe is an example used to demonstrate the mariner’s astrolabe, which was navigational tool of the 1500s and 1600s, in the time before longitude was able to be determined. It is a forerunner to modern navigation technology. Mariner’s astrolabe – a representative example. A gold painted, disc shaped object with cut outs and revolving arm in centre. The arm has two sights attached at right angles. The top has a ring attached. Measurements are marked in degrees in a circular scale around outer edge.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, navigation instrument, navigation tool, navigation, astrolabe, mariner’s astrolabe, measure latitude, measure altitude, arabic navigation, measuring device, star finder, astronomy, marine tool, marine instrument -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Functional object - Jug, Between 1910 -1936
... of standards that were used to test scales, weights and dry measures... of standards that were used to test scales, weights and dry measures ...The beginning of standardised weights and measures began In Victoria when the Melbourne Observatory received sets of standard weights and measures, which had been tested in Britain against the then British Imperial standards. These included the primary standard yard and pound for the Colony of Victoria. Other standards of weights and measure held by shires and the administrative body's within the colony could then be compared to these primary standards. A Weights and Measures Act was passed in Victoria in 1862, establishing local inspectors throughout the colony. By the 1870s each local council and shire in Victoria held a set of standards that were used to test scales, weights and dry measures used by wholesalers, factories and shops. Every ten years the councils’ standards would themselves need to be rechecked against the Victorian Standards. The checking was done by the Victorian Customs Department in the 19th century, but with the transfer of responsibility for customs to the Federal Government in 1901, weights and measures function was retained by the Victorian Government and was shifted to the Melbourne Observatory. In 1904, a new building was erected at the south end of the Great Melbourne Telescope House, where the standard weights and measures and testing equipment was installed. This room had a large whirling apparatus for testing air meters and became known as the Whirling Room. When the Melbourne Observatory closed in 1944, the Weights and Measures Branch was formed to continue and this branch remained at the Observatory site unit until 1995.An example of a brass measuring jug made specifically to maintain government standard liquid measurements that were sold to the public. The probability is that this artefact was made sometime between George V reign (1910-1936) and gives us today a snapshot of how imperial weights and measures were checked by Government departments prior to decimalisation and how a standard for the various types of measurement was developed in Australian based on the Imperial British measurement system. The container has social significance as an item used in Victoria as a legal standard measure to ensure that goods sold in Victoria were correct. Jug brass haystack form with a deep lip and pouring spout, small neck and broad base. It displays a curved pistol handle. Inscription at base of handle top of jug stamped 61 GVR SM. These marks signify that the measure complied with the Victorian Government capacity liquid standard measurement. Item made during the reign of George V (1910-1936 (GVR).Other marks indicate model number (61) & SM possible could be either small measure, the maker, or Standards Melbourne.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Equipment - Galvanised Jug, 1930s
... that were used to test scales, weights and dry measures used... that were used to test scales, weights and dry measures used ...The beginning of standardised weights and measures began In Victoria when the Melbourne Observatory received sets of standard weights and measures, which had been tested in Britain against the then British Imperial standards. These included the primary standard yard and pound for the Colony of Victoria. Other standards of weights and measure held by shires and the administrative body's within the colony could then be compared to these primary standards. A Weights and Measures Act was passed in Victoria in 1862, establishing local inspectors throughout the colony. By the 1870s each local council and shire in Victoria held a set of standards that were used to test scales, weights and dry measures used by wholesalers, factories and shops. Every ten years the councils’ standards would themselves need to be rechecked against the Victorian Standards. The checking was done by the Victorian Customs Department in the 19th century, but with the transfer of responsibility for customs to the Federal Government in 1901, weights and measures function was retained by the Victorian Government and was shifted to the Melbourne Observatory. In 1904, a new building was erected at the south end of the Great Melbourne Telescope House, where the standard weights and measures and testing equipment was installed. This room had a large whirling apparatus for testing air meters and became known as the Whirling Room. When the Melbourne Observatory closed in 1944, the Weights and Measures Branch was formed to continue and this branch remained at the Observatory site unit until 1995.An example of a galvanised measuring jug made specifically to maintain government standard liquid measurements that were sold to the public. The probability is that this artifact was made around the first quarter of the 20th century and gives us today a snapshot of how imperial weights and measures were used before decimalisation and how a standard of measurement for merchants was developed in Australian based on the Imperial British measurement system. The container has social significance as an item used in Victoria as a legal standard measure to ensure that goods sold in Victoria were correct given the item is galvanised it was probability used for kerosene or petrol etc not for liquids used for human consumption. Jug conical shaped with rounded top coming to a very slight point wide handle at back. VIB.L.66 1/2 Gall capacity unsure of the markings 66 could mean the model number capacity is 1/2 an imperial gallon VIB.L markings not known possibly a company or Victorian Department that the jug was made for and no longer active.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Galvanised Jug
... that were used to test scales, weights and dry measures used... that were used to test scales, weights and dry measures used ...The beginning of standardised weights and measures began In Victoria when the Melbourne Observatory received sets of standard weights and measures, which had been tested in Britain against the then British Imperial standards. These included the primary standard yard and pound for the Colony of Victoria. Other standards of weights and measure held by shires and the administrative body's within the colony could then be compared to these primary standards. A Weights and Measures Act was passed in Victoria in 1862, establishing local inspectors throughout the colony. By the 1870s each local council and shire in Victoria held a set of standards that were used to test scales, weights and dry measures used by wholesalers, factories and shops. Every ten years the councils’ standards would themselves need to be rechecked against the Victorian Standards. The checking was done by the Victorian Customs Department in the 19th century, but with the transfer of responsibility for customs to the Federal Government in 1901, weights and measures function was retained by the Victorian Government and was shifted to the Melbourne Observatory. In 1904, a new building was erected at the south end of the Great Melbourne Telescope House, where the standard weights and measures and testing equipment was installed. This room had a large whirling apparatus for testing air meters and became known as the Whirling Room. When the Melbourne Observatory closed in 1944, the Weights and Measures Branch was formed to continue and this branch remained at the Observatory site unit until 1995. An example of a galvanised measuring jug made specifically to maintain government standard liquid measurements that were sold to the public. The probability is that this artifact was made around the first quarter of the 20th century and gives us today a snapshot of how imperial weights and measures were used before decimalisation and how a standard of measurement for merchants was developed in Australian based on the Imperial British measurement system. The container has social significance as an item used in Victoria as a legal standard measure to ensure that goods sold in Victoria were correct given the item is galvanised it was probability used for kerosene or petrol etc not for liquids used for human consumption. Galvanised Iron jug with rounded top, Inscription on handle at back. 2 gallon GV.35flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Functional object - Galvanised Jug
... that were used to test scales, weights and dry measures used... GV.27 The beginning of standardised weights and measures ...The beginning of standardised weights and measures began In Victoria when the Melbourne Observatory received sets of standard weights and measures, which had been tested in Britain against the then British Imperial standards. These included the primary standard yard and pound for the Colony of Victoria. Other standards of weights and measure held by shires and the administrative body's within the colony could then be compared to these primary standards. A Weights and Measures Act was passed in Victoria in 1862, establishing local inspectors throughout the colony. By the 1870s each local council and shire in Victoria held a set of standards that were used to test scales, weights and dry measures used by wholesalers, factories and shops. Every ten years the councils’ standards would themselves need to be rechecked against the Victorian Standards. The checking was done by the Victorian Customs Department in the 19th century, but with the transfer of responsibility for customs to the Federal Government in 1901, weights and measures function was retained by the Victorian Government and was shifted to the Melbourne Observatory. In 1904, a new building was erected at the south end of the Great Melbourne Telescope House, where the standard weights and measures and testing equipment was installed. This room had a large whirling apparatus for testing air meters and became known as the Whirling Room. When the Melbourne Observatory closed in 1944, the Weights and Measures Branch was formed to continue and this branch remained at the Observatory site unit until 1995.An example of a galvanised measuring jug made specifically to maintain government standard liquid measurements that were sold to the public. The probability is that this artifact was made around the first quarter of the 20th century and gives us today a snapshot of how imperial weights and measures were used before decimalisation and how a standard of measurement for merchants was developed in Australian based on the Imperial British measurement system. The container has social significance as an item used in Victoria as a legal standard measure to ensure that goods sold in Victoria were correct given the item is galvanised it was probability used for kerosene or petrol etc not for liquids used for human consumption. Jug galvanised conical shaped with rounded top, handle at back. 3 gallon GV.27flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Instrument - Octant, mid 1800's
... ) eyepieces. Scale attached for measuring angles. Label inside...) light filtering, coloured glass shades. Two (2) eyepieces. Scale ...An Octant is a doubly reflecting navigation instrument used primarily by sailors to measure the angular distance between two visible objects and was a forerunner of the sextant. The name comes from the Latin octo, or "one-eighth of a circle," for the Octan'ts arc which spans 45°, or one-eighth of a circle. The primary use of an Octant is to measure the angle between an astronomical object and the horizon for celestial navigation. The estimation of this angle, is known as sighting or shooting the object, or taking a sight. The angle, and the time when it was measured, can be used to calculate a position line on a nautical chart (latitude), for example, sighting the Sun at noon or Polaris at night (in the Northern Hemisphere) gives an angle by which the latitude can then be estimated. Sighting the height of a landmark on land can also give a measure of distance. This fine octant once belonged to Captain Farquhar Chisholm and was donated by his granddaughter, Margaret Ruth Greer (nee Chisholm, born 1914). The label inside the Octant's box reads “Thomas L. Ainsley, Instrument Maker … etc”. Farquhar Chisholm was born in 1832 in Inverness, Scotland. He regularly sailed on perilous voyages between Quebec, Canada and the Baltic ports of Europe. In 1854 he migrated to Australia during the Gold Rush, to a place called Fiery Creek (near Beaufort Victoria) where he was fairly successful in his quest for gold. In the years of the Great Gold Rush, it was said that there were over 40,000 diggers in the goldfields of the Beaufort area! In 1857 having made sufficient money, he hired another crew and returned to Clachnacuddin, Inverness shire, Scotland and in that same year, he studied and obtained his Master Mariner Certificate (which would have included the use of an octant for navigation). He was appointed to Mr George (or James) Walker, as commander of his sailing ship, the 3-masted ELIZABETH, built 1859 and known as “The Walker barque”. In 1870 he married, then in 1887 returned to Australia with his wife and children (Kenneth Chisholm (1871), Mary Bremner Chisholm (1873), Margaret Hood Chisholm (1874), Farquhar Chisholm (1878)). They arrived in Port Melbourne, Victoria and sadly, only six weeks after landing, his wife Caroline passed away (in Geelong,1888). In 1900 Capt. Chisholm lived in Camperdown (Victoria) and not long after this his daughter Margaret died of consumption. In his later years, he went to live in the manse of St. Paul’s Presbyterian Church, Wangaratta, with his son, Rev. Farquhar Chisholm. He died there on Sat, 23rd March 1912, 80 years old. He was known as “… quiet, unobtrusive and competent, respected by all with whom he came in contact”. Some other members of Captain Chisholm’s family are; his older son Kenneth Chisholm, who was a contractor in Camperdown; a nephew Donald Macintosh (of 23 Douglas Row, Inverness); a grandson Brian Jones (son of Caroline Belle-Jones nee Chisholm, who lived in Camperdown in the earlier part of her life).The octant, the forerunner of the sextant, was a significant step in providing accuracy of a sailors latitude position at sea & his vessels distance from land when taking sightings of land-based landmarks.Octant, once belonging to Captain Farquhar Chisholm. Wedge shape (the size of an eighth of a circle), made of wood, glass and metal. Used in the 1880s. Maker’s name across centre “L. SIMON - - - SHIELDS”. Three (3) light filtering, coloured glass shades. Two (2) eyepieces. Scale attached for measuring angles. Label inside the fitted, wedge-shaped case "Thomas L. Ainsley, Optician"Label inside case "Thomas L. Ainsley, Optician" Maker’s name across centre “L. SIMON - - - SHIELDS”.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, maritime navigation, navigation instrument, migration, captain chisholm, farquhar chisholm, sailing ship, the elizabeths, thomas l. ainsley, l. simons, shields england, octant, john hadley, chisholm -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Instrument - Barometer, Early 20th century
A barometer is an instrument used for measuring atmosphere pressure thus determining weather changes.The first apparatus generally accepted as a barometer was that set up in Florence in 1644 by Evangelista Torricelli (1608–1647), a mathematician and physicist. Torricelli filled a glass tube with mercury, sealed it at one end, and inverted it with its open end in a dish of mercury. The level always fell a short way down the tube, then settled at a height of about thirty inches. He concluded correctly that the mercury column was sustained by the weight of the air pressing on the open surface of mercury, and further experiments convinced him that the space above the mercury in the tube was a vacuum. He noted that the level rose and fell with changing temperature, but he was unable to use his apparatus to measure variations in the weight of the atmosphere because he had not foreseen that temperature would affect the level of the mercury. News of this experiment circulated quickly among European scientists, who hastened to replicate the experiment. Torricelli's conclusions were not universally accepted because some disputed whether the air had weight, while both Aristotle and the Catholic Church denied the possibility of a vacuum. In France, the philosopher René Descartes (1596–1650) seems to have been the first person, probably in 1647, to attach a graduated scale to the tube so that he could record any changes attributable to the weather. At around this time Duke Ferdinand II of Tuscany organized the first short-lived meteorological network among scientists in other Italian cities, gathering observations of pressure, temperature, humidity, wind direction, and state of the sky.Theis barometer is an example of a household item from the early 20th century, used to determine the day's weather. The barometer is significant as an aid to human social, material and scientific development.Barometer, round, brass housing inset into carved wooden casing (lacquer mostly worn off). Decorative lettering for weather conditions "Stormy, Rain, Change, Fair, Very Dry". Workings are visible through opening in centre of dial. Indicator needle and another adjustable needle . Hook screwed into back of case.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, barometer, scientific instrument, weather forcasting instrument, weather gauge -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Octant, Late 18th to mid-19th century
An Octant is a doubly reflecting navigation instrument used primarily by sailors to measure the angular distance between two visible objects and was a forerunner of the sextant. The name comes from the Latin octo, or “one-eighth of a circle,” for the Octant’s arc which spans 45°, or one-eighth of a circle. The primary use of an Octant is to measure the angle between an astronomical object and the horizon for the purposes of celestial navigation. The estimation of this angle is known as sighting or shooting the object, or taking a sight. The angle, and the time when it was measured, can be used to calculate a position line on a nautical chart (latitude), for example, sighting the Sun at noon or Polaris at night (in the Northern Hemisphere) gives an angle by which the latitude can then be estimated. Sighting the height of a landmark on land can also give a measure of distance. History: The principle of the Octant as an instrument to measure ones latitude was first implemented around 1742-present but was superseded by the improvement of the octant to a sextant, a very similar instrument, better made and able to measure bigger angles 120°, allowing the measurement of Luna distances to give longitude when used with an accurate chronometer. The sextant started to appear around 1730 and had been attributed to by John Hadley (1682–1744) and Thomas Godfrey (1704–1749), but reference to the sextant was also found later in the unpublished writings of Isaac Newton (1643–1727). Earlier links can be found to Bartholomew Gosnold (1571–1607) indicating that the use of a Sextant for nautical navigation predates Hadley's implementation. In 1922, the sextant was modified for aeronautical navigation by Portuguese navigator and naval officer Gago Coutinho. Henry Hemsley was a lesser-known instrument maker and optician working in London in the late 17th and early 18th century. However, it should be noted that there were two Henry Hemsley opticians and instrument makers around this period. (Henry Hemsley 1, 1786-89, who had premises at 85 Fleet St London and Henry Hemsley 2, 1828-56), whose workshop was at 135-138 Radcliff Highway London. Therefore, based on the inscribed workshop address Henry Hemsley 2 is responsible for making this example.The octant is representative of its type and although not fully complete it demonstrates how 18th and 19th-century mariners determined their latitude on a chart to navigate their way across the world's oceans in the 18th and 19th century. It also demonstrates the skill and workmanship of the early instrument makers that operated from London at this time and provided most of the navigational instrumentation use by commercial and military navies of the time.Octant, ebony wooden frame and handle. Scale is missing from recess in frame. "H. Hemsley 135-138 Ratliff Highway, London", no box"H. Hemsley 135-138 Ratcliff Highway, London"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, navigation, navigational instrument, instrument used for navigation, sextant, henry hemsley, instrument maker, london, octant -
Orbost & District Historical Society
pocket scales, 1920's
The pocket balance was first created in 1770 by Richard Salter in the UK. From the late 18th century onwards these small scales were widely used in markets, grocers and farm shops – wherever people needed to be able to verify the weight of goods to be purchased in order to calculate the correct pricing. Because it was portable, and simple to use, the pocket balance was ideal for weighing goods where accuracy was not required. This balance appears to have been used for weighing fish.Pocket spring scales made of steel. There is a spring fixed at one end with a hook to which an object can be attached at the other. At the top of the scales there. is a metallic ring to fasten the object. This is attached to the main body which on one side has measurements inscribed into the metal surface. Inside the body is a spring loaded mechanism which moves along the scales when weight is added to a hook at the bottom of the shaft.At the top - POCKET BALANCE ARROW and the letters M P inside an oval.scales pocket-balance spring-balance measuring-instrument -
Orbost & District Historical Society
clinometer rule, mid 19th -earl 20th century
This clinometer, is a hand-held optical scientific instrument used in surveying to measure vertical angles. It is used to measure the angle of elevation from the ground in a right-angled triangle. It may have been used by a surveyor or a forester to measure the height of tall things where you couldn't possibly reach to the top of e.g. flag poles, buildings or trees.This item is an example of an early hand held measuring instrument.. Today the use of electronic sensors is an important component in the design and function of the clinometers.A rectangular wooden folding measuring instrument. the panels are brass framed. Inside is a brass semi-protractorgraduated 90-0-90' with index arm pointeran dwith a graduated edge in inches. Outside is a temperature conversion scale,Troughton & Simms, LONDONscientific-instrument measurement clinometer -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Instrument - Dividers, 1930-1955's
This set of dividers was used for measuring and marking details in the planning making of components for the ship model Sovereign of the Seas. It is part of a collection of objects used by Jim Williams, maker of fine ship models from about 1930-1955. Most of the components for the models, as well as many of the tools, were handmade by Jim Williams. Jim’s family has donated the ship model “Sovereign of the Seas” and many tools, accessories and documents used in the making of this and other ship models have been donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village. Ship model of HMS Sovereign of the Seas, scale model of 17th Century English war ship, was handmade and carved from plans, enclosed in airtight glass case. All components of that model, including even the smallest pulleys, were hand crafted using tools designed and made by Jim. Outstanding details include functional rigging and moving cannons. Please see our record 3732 of the mode Sovereign of the Seas for further details of the ship and the maker.This set of dividers is connected with the hobby and skill of ship model making that has been crafted as a leisure activity for many generations. The hobby is often chosen by serving and retired mariners who appreciate the connection with maritime history. These dividers were used by local Warrnambool man, Jim Williams, who was employed at Cramond and Dickson clothing store, and then at Fletcher Jones menswear for 27 years. It was used in making components for the model of the historic ship, the Sovereign of the Seas. The Sovereign of the Seas was a historic 17th century English war ship with important maritime heritage. Dividers, metal, adjustable with wingnut to hold in place. Used to measure and mark reoccurring distances. This set of dividers is part of a collection of tools and accessories once used by Jim Williams, maker of a series of ship models 1930-1955 including “HMS Sovereign of the Seas”.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, jim williams, james bernard williams, ship model hobby, ship model tools, ship model making equipment, ship model making accessories, technical drawing instrument, dividers for drawing and measuring, set of dividers, sovereign of the sea, ship model, hobby, ship model tool, english war ship, measuring instrument -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Equipment - Spring Balance Scale, George Salter & Co, 1920s
... -Maritime-Village Salter Balance Scale Weight Measuring Scale ...Scales such as the subject item were used to measure commercial quantities, possibly grains and farm produce for quite large amounts of product. Bags of grain etc would have been hooked up and weighed. Salter has been a name long associated with weights and measures. The firm began life in the late 1760s in the village of Bilston, England when Richard Salter, a spring maker, began making the first spring scales in Britain. He called these scales "pocket steelyards", though they work on a different principle from steelyard balances. By 1825 his nephew George had taken over the company, which became known as George Salter & Co. George later established a manufacturing site in the town of West Bromwich, about 4 miles (7 km) from Bilston. West Bromwich Albion football club was formed from workers at this works site. From here the company produced a wide variety of scales including the UK's first bathroom scales. Other items were added to the range, including irons, mincers, potato chippers, coin-operated machines and the first typewriters made in the UK. The business thrived throughout the 1900s, and by 1950 it employed over 2000 people, still in the same area and owned by the same family.Salter is a British housewares brand developing products that span a wide range of core product categories, including scales, electrical, cookware. It is a market leader in kitchen and bathroom scales and one of the UK’s oldest consumer brands. Established in 1760, Salter has been developing precision products for over 260 years. It was acquired by Manchester-based consumer goods giant Ultimate Products in 2021 after they had previously licensed the brand for cookware and kitchen electrical since 2011.Scale, Salter's improved spring balance, warranted. Brass and iron. Weighs 0 to 60LBS. Long rectangular brass instrument with ring attached to top and hook attached below. Centre of rectangle has long vertical slot with short, horizontal bar that slides down the slot when an object is suspended from the hook, showing its weight on the numbered scale beside the slot.Marked ""SALTER'S IMPROVED SPRING BALANCE"" and "WARRANTED". Weighs 0 to 60LBS. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, salter balance scale, weight measuring scale, weighing dry goods, domestic object, kitchen scale -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Equipment - Spring Balance Scale, George Salter & Co, 1920s
... Balance Scale Weight Measuring Scale Weighing Dry Goods Domestic ...Scales such as the subject item were used to measure commercial quantities, possibly grains and farm produce for quite large amounts of product, also in a domestic situation. Bags of grain or other dry goods would have been hooked up and weighed. Salter has been a name long associated with weights and measures. The firm began life in the late 1760s in the village of Bilston, England when Richard Salter, a spring maker, began making the first spring scales in Britain. He called these scales "pocket steelyards", though they work on a different principle from steelyard balances. By 1825 his nephew George had taken over the company, which became known as George Salter & Co. George later established a manufacturing site in the town of West Bromwich, about 4 miles (7 km) from Bilston. West Bromwich Albion football club was formed from workers at this works site. From here the company produced a wide variety of scales including the UK's first bathroom scales. Other items were added to the range, including irons, mincers, potato chippers, coin-operated machines and the first typewriters made in the UK. The business thrived throughout the 1900s, and by 1950 it employed over 2000 people, still in the same area and owned by the same family.Salter is a British housewares brand developing products that span a wide range of core product categories, including scales, electrical, cookware. It is a market leader in kitchen and bathroom scales and one of the UK’s oldest consumer brands. Established in 1760, Salter has been developing precision products for over 260 years. It was acquired by Manchester-based consumer goods giant Ultimate Products in 2021 after they had previously licensed the brand for cookware and kitchen electrical since 2011.Scale, Salter's improved spring balance, warranted. Brass and iron. Weighs 0 to 25LBS. Long rectangular brass instrument with ring attached to top and hook attached below. Centre of rectangle has long vertical slot with short, horizontal bar that slides down the slot when an object is suspended from the hook, showing its weight on the numbered scale beside the slot.Marked ""SALTER'S IMPROVED SPRING BALANCE" "Number 2". Weighs 0 to 25LBS. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, salter balance scale, weight measuring scale, weighing dry goods, domestic object, kitchen scale, measure, weigh, measure ingredients, food preparation -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Equipment - Spring Balance Scale, George Salter & Co, 1930s
... -Maritime-Village Salter Balance Scale Weight Measuring Scale ...Scales such as the subject item were used in a domestic situation. Salter has been a name long associated with weights and measures especially in the home kitchen. The firm began life in the late 1760s in the village of Bilston, England when Richard Salter, a spring maker, began making the first spring scales in Britain. He called these scales "pocket steelyards", though they work on a different principle from steelyard balances. By 1825 his nephew George had taken over the company, which became known as George Salter & Co. George later established a manufacturing site in the town of West Bromwich, about 4 miles (7 km) from Bilston. West Bromwich Albion football club was formed from workers at this works site. From here the company produced a wide variety of scales including the UK's first bathroom scales. Other items were added to the range, including irons, mincers, potato chippers, coin-operated machines and the first typewriters made in the UK. The business thrived throughout the 1900s, and by 1950 it employed over 2000 people, still in the same area and owned by the same family.Salter is a British housewares brand developing products that span a wide range of core product categories, including scales, electrical, cookware. It is a market leader in kitchen and bathroom scales and one of the UK’s oldest consumer brands. Established in 1760, Salter has been developing precision products for over 260 years. It was acquired by Manchester-based consumer goods giant Ultimate Products in 2021 after they had previously licensed the brand for cookware and kitchen electrical since 2011."Scale Salter's Spring Balance brass cylinder with ring at one end and a hook at the otherSalter trademark stamped on front. Made in England stamped on back. Weighs 0 to 4LBS showing ¼lb increments.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, salter balance scale, weight measuring scale, weighing dry goods, domestic object, kitchen scale -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - Photogrammetric Equipment – Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo, c1960s to c1980s
This is a set of eight photographs of technicians operating photogrammetric equipment in Air Survey Squadron, Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo. c1960s to c1980s. The Wild A9 Stereocomparator and Wild B9 stereo plotter were introduced in 1962. The Wild B8 stereo plotter was introduced in 1966. Technicians used the Wild A9 Stereocomparator to accurately measure between pass, tie, and survey control points on aerial photographs. The Wild B9 and B8s were used for plotting topographic detail and contours. These analogue machines were manually controlled by adjusting the control knobs for the orientation of the 3D image. The B9s used a four and a half square, and the B8s used a nine-inch square photo image on a film or glass diapositive which allowed highly accurate extraction of map features. At first, plotting with B8 and B9 stereo plotters was undertaken at the aerial photography scale of 1:80,000 in pencil onto a controlled plotting sheet. Sheets were then inked up and reduced photographically to the 1: 100,000 publication scale for scribe impression production. In the early days topographic detail and contours were plotted with a pencil or ink pen mounted at the far end of the pantograph arm. The plotting procedure was upgraded to direct plotting in ink with photographic reduction to publication scale. In 1975 four B8s were upgraded with tri-axis locaters as part of the Input Sub-system to enable digital extraction to AUTOMAP 1’s topographic database. When AUTOMAP 2 was introduced in 1982 these B8s were upgraded, and additional machines added to expand the Army Survey Regiment’s digital capture capability. This is a set of eight photographs of technicians operating photogrammetric equipment in Air Survey Squadron, Army Survey Regiment, Fortuna, Bendigo. c1960s to c1980s. Black and white and colour photos are on photographic paper and scanned at 300 dpi. .1) - Photo, black & white, c1965. Unidentified technician operating a Wild A9 Stereocomparator. .2) - Photo, black & white, c1965. Unidentified technician operating a Wild B9 stereo plotter. .3) - Photo, black & white, c1967. L to R: Unidentified technician, SPR Ken Jeffery operating a Wild B9 stereo plotter. .4) - Photo, colour, c1974. Unidentified technician, operating a Wild B8 stereo plotter. .5) - Photo, black & white, c1974. Unidentified technician operating a Wild B8 stereo plotter. .6) to .7) - Photo, black & white, c1979. Unidentified technicians operating a Wild B8 stereo plotter. .8) - Photo, black & white, c1985. Unidentified technician in AUTOMAP 2 operating a Wild B8 stereo plotter..1P, .2P, .4P, .5P, .7P – no annotations. .3P – annotated ‘Standing - , Seated SPR Ken Jefferies (sic). .6P – annotated with date ‘1979’ .8P – annotated ‘AUTOMAP 2’royal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna, asr, air survey, photogrammetry -
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RANZCOG)
Weighing scales, baby, 1970s
This item was purchased from the auction house Leski's. It was to be included in a Medical collection auction on 8 May 2013 but was left off the listing. Museum Curator made a private offer of $160 prior to the auction which the owner accepted. The weighing scales was part of a rare collection of medical, dental and pharmaceutical objects belonging to a tourism business, Kryal Castle, near Ballarat, Victoria from 1974. At some point,apparently, an officer manager discarded the museum records, so the provenance of the weighing scales, and many other items in the Leski auction, has been lost.This weighing scales is made of yellow painted metal, with a slide gauge in imperial measure. Manufacturer: Secal.Vogel & Haike, Hamburg [nameplate at front].Manufactured in the the , and such scales were widely used in Infant Welfare Centres across Victoria and possibly other states in the 1970s. A midwife/ infant welfare nurse Martine Jackson recalls seeing a weighing scales like this as a student in the 1970s in Melbourne.infant care -
The Ed Muirhead Physics Museum
Length Standards, Washington Certified, Archives
U.S. Bureau of Standards Certificates for #65 for 6 inch steel scale, 6 inch steel end measuring rod, 6 inch glass scale. Three Department of Commerce Bureau of Standards certificates submitted by Professor Lyle for scales made by H.J. Grayson. Held together by paper clip. (See also #62) -
The Ed Muirhead Physics Museum
FH 40H Radiameter/Geiger Counter
Used for measuring the intensity of gamma-radiation and x-rays, and detecting beta rays.Grey, rectangular Geiger counter box with two black dials and viewing window with measurement scale. Four slits in top with setting dial on upper right side.Embossed sticker (top of front): 'CALIBRATED DEC. 68 / MULT. READINGS BY I.3' Labels on dials and measurement viewing window.radiameter, geiger counters, radiation measurement, scientific equipment, frieseke & hoepfner, germany -
Wannon Water
Clinometre / Abney Level, E. R. Watts & Son, Clinometre
Abney Level / Clinometer is an accurate surveying tool used to measure degrees, percent of grade and topographic elevation. Used for surveying pipe lines.Instrument which consists of a fixed sighting tube, a movable spirit level connected to a pointing arm which turns and pivots. Adjustment knob/screw on top turns to rotate the compass indicator and bubble level. Arched scale graduated 0 to 90 degrees in both directions. Clinometer is housed in a brown leather case with a long leather strap for carrying around the neck.Watts London / No 70131 / Made in England -
Geoffrey Kaye Museum of Anaesthetic History
Manometer, Mercury, Elliotts & Australian Drug Pty. Ltd
In the 1600s, William Harvey realised a finite amount of blood circulates in one direction through the body. Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille introduced the mercury hydrodynometer in the early 1800s for measuring blood pressure. Karl von-Vierordt created the sphygmograph in 1855 and, in 1881, Samuel von Basch created the sphygmomanometer, distinct improvements on the hydrodynometer. In 1896, Scipione Riva-Rocci developed the mercury sphygmomanometer. American neurosurgeon, Harvey Cushing, was an early adopter, and advocate for monitoring patients during surgery and anaesthesia. Blood pressure monitoring is still an essential component of evaluating a patient’s condition.This blood pressure kit is housed in a rectangular, vinyl covered box with metal handle and press-stud lid release mechanism. The lid opens upwards and the glass blood pressure valve and plastic scale is attached to the underside of the lid. The measurements are written in black and go up in increments of ten, from 0 to 300. The glass valve has unidentified increments labelled in red, which is housed within a metal cylinder. The bellows is attached to the measuring valve via a dark green pressure cuff and rubber hose.Blue sticker affixed inside the kit: JOHN MARUM Ornate manufacturer's label: THE ARMOURED / ELLISCO / SPHYGMOMANOMETER / MADE BY / ELLIOTTS & AUSTRALIA DRUG / [indecipherable] LTD / CENTEN[indecipherable] MODELharvey cushing, blood pressure, measurement, anaesthetics, john marum, sphygmomanometer, elliotts & australian drug pty ltd, centenary model, cuff, bellows, ellisco, armoured -
Myrtleford and District Historical Society
Inclinometer, Early 20th Century
Provenance not clear. Leather case has 'MMBW' inscribed in black pen, indicating an association with Melbourne Metropolitan Board of Works. Item has been in the possession of Terry McCormack since 1972Hand held brass pocket inclonometer level, circa 1920. Leather case for safe storage. Semi circular graduated dial with 90 degree vernier scale with a small (20mm) magnifying glass to aid reading the vernier scale. Above the body, mounted at the rear of the graduated dial, is a spirit level tube which is tilted by finger movement to the milled hand wheel. The height to be determined is sighted through the instrument eyepiece and the bubble tube is tilted until the bubble, viewed in the mirror inside the sighting tube, is brought level with the graticule sighted at the top of the subject object. An angle is thus obtained and by measuring the distance on the ground to the object, trigonometry can be applied to determine the height of the object.Herga & Co. BRISBANE. Made in England -
Clunes Museum
Domestic object - HANGING SCALES
Hanging ring, hook on bottom, wire hook on lower side, ring on upper side, marking on brass measure "to 400 lbs", reverse side "50"scales, weighing item -
Melbourne Legacy
Functional object, Avery Scales
A set of Avery scales, made in England for measuring up to 2 pounds of weight. On display in the reception foyer on Level 1 sitting on the desk made by Perc Markham for Stan Savige.Was collected before the archive began. Unknown origin but must have been important to an early legatee.Bronze coloured metal scales with a round dish and an irregular shaped dish.Imprinted with 'Avery' and 'To weigh 2LB. Made in England' on the base.scales, weights -
Australian Army Museum of Western Australia
Diorama, 2015
This diorama is the introductory feature in the World War 2 Gallery - New Guinea and Islands area. A private soldier is shown in mixture of green and khaki uniforms, US style long leggings, long trousers with Thompson and Owen guns.The diorama shows the gradual introduction of green uniform elements and recognition of passive anti malaria measures (long sleeve and long pants)1:1 scale diorama showing soldier of Australian soldier of the 7th Division at the time of the advance into the Markham and Ramu Valleys, September 1943ramu, markham, shaggy ridge, 7th division, 9th division -
Parks Victoria - Maldon State Battery
Scales, platform
Similar to railway platform scales and may have been relocated from the nearby Maldon Railway station. The history of its use at the battery is unknown.Large cast iron platform scale, white painted base with 2 wheels. The cast iron plate sits on top of a base with an inscription. There is white and green floral decoration on the frame, which is attached to the base. The white decorative stand with tray and weight measure attached has an inscription.base- "W. & T. Avery Ltd/makers/London &/Birmingham". Platform- "W. & T. Avery Ltd. Weight measure- LB 14 12 10 8 6 4 2" -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Functional object - Metal table balance scales, Pre 1970s
Sets of scales similar to these were very common in households throughout Australia. Between 1960 and 1988 Australia gradually adopted the SI units (Standard International) or metric units. In 1970 the Australian parliament passed the metric conversion act, and the Australian building trades made it the standard in 1974. This information helps to date the set of weights to before the1970s.Domestic scales such as these were common throughout Australian homes. They are now primarily superceded by plastic items, often electronic.Metal table scales with 6 weights graduated in sizes including 1 oz., 2 oz, 4oz, 8oz, 1lb and 2 lbs. Each weight marked "MACK/ MADE IN AUSTRALIA"domestic appliances, weights and measures australia -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Functional object - Metal balance scales with weights, C. 1900
... balance scales with weights Functional object Metal table scales ...Sets of scales similar to these were very common in households throughout Australia. Between 1960 and 1988 Australia gradually adopted the SI units (Standard International) or metric units. In 1970 the Australian parliament passed the metric conversion act, and the Australian building trades made it the standard in 1974. This information helps to date the set of weights to before the1970s.Domestic scales such as these were common throughout Australian homes. They are now primarily superceded by plastic items, often electronic. Metal table scales with imperial weights weights and measures australia, table scales, domestic appliances