With the establishment of the large heavy industrial zone at Hastings in the late 1960s, which included the BP oil refinery using the Port of Hastings at the north-western arm of Western Port, a number of environmental problems predicted by both scientists and conservationists arose. The main shipping channel on the western arm of Western Port was dredged, causing suspended particles affecting seagrass beds. With inadequate regulation around discharge of bilge water within the bay, and oil spillage, oil pollution affecting both seabirds and coastal areas was not uncommon. This report of 40 penguins actually known to have been killed by an oil spill event was typical of reports at the time. The 2 men quoted – Vernon Johnson and Ken Pound – were well known conservationists. Vernon and his wife Nora owned the Kingston Gardens picnic and zoo business where they cared for many injured wildlife. Ken was a Phillip Island counsellor for a few years, and instrumental in the establishment of the Phillip Island conservation Society. He also contributed various documents and newspaper cuttings to this archive.This article is significant for being a record of an exact number of penguins found dead from oil spill pollution in Western Port. Also as a record of conservationists in the early years of community and environment movements both locally and in Australia. The article further gives evidence of linking tourism with wildlife.Photocopy of newspaper cutting. Black print with very dark black and white photo of Fairy (Little) Penguin. Poor reproduction due to older photocopy machine.(indecipherable) - late/1960s.little penguins, fairy penguins, eudyptula minor, penguin behaviour, phillip island tourist attractions, phillip island conservation society, oil spills, bp refinery hastings, port of hastings, western port, marine pollution, oil tankers, vernon johnson, ken pound, phillip island promotion association

This letter to the editor of an unknown newspaper probably dates from the late 1960s or early 1970s. At that time the Victorian government’s Liberal Party Premier was Sir Henry Bolte. In a reference to the major industrial valley in Germany, he and his government had a vision to make Western Port and Hastings into “the Ruhr of Victoria”, if not Australia. While this letter does not refer to Western Port, but apparently to Wiliamstown, the situation was similar in both bays. Substantial land was zoned in Hastings by the Bolte Government for industrial purposes, where BP built a refinery for oil imported through the Port of Hastings. The large oil tankers entered Western Port Bay via the western channel, which required dredging to accommodate them. It became a common site to see globules or patches of oil washed up on beaches around Western Port, and oil-affected wildlife. It is impossible to know how many wildlife were affected directly by oil spills and other forms of pollution in the Bay during that era. Sufficient numbers of oiled Little Penguins were found to prompt numerous references to the problem in newspapers, including letters, articles and even major features. The refinery eventually closed, with tanker traffic dramatically reducing in Western Port from the late 20th century.Statement of significance: This letter to the editor is significant in making reference to pollution caused in Port Phillip and Western Port bays by tanker traffic and the presence of oil refineries on industrial land in the bays. It is also indicative of the emergence of many conservation-related community groups of volunteers in Australia during the 1960s and 1970s in response to growing concern around conservation issues. Letters to the editor were a common means for these groups to have their concerns aired in public.Photocopy of newspaper cutting, single column letter to the editor.little penguins, oil spill, western port, port of hastings, henry bolte, "ruhr of victoria", oiled penguins, oiled wildlife, bp refinery, oil tankers, , mrs d waight, williamstown and district animal relief society

Due to increased numbers of tourists in the post-World War Two era, and the increased popularity of the Penguin Parade, without sufficient public education or protection of the penguin habitat, many Little Penguins perished during the 1960s. Trampling, unsupervised interference with the birds, unrestricted access to their dune habitat, plus predation by foxes, cats and dogs, led to most of the rookeries outside of the Summerland patrolled areas - such as on the west and north Phillip Island coasts, and parts of the south coast - being obliterated by the mid 1970s.this article is highly significant as it was published shortly before the establishment of the Phillip Island Conservation Society Inc in 1968, which commenced agitation to make management of Crown Land by Phillip Island Shire Council and government bodies accountable for protection of wildlife habitat on Phillip Island.photocopy of newspaper cutting. Black print on white paper. 3--1-64phillip island, penguin parade, little penguin, habitat destruction, penguin parade committee, shell house,

Item re Capt Gladys Mole VX17199 A.A.N.S. Refer Cat 1901.4 for other service details.Newspaper cutting, copy of original detailing Capt Gladys Moles military career.“Riverine Herald Features” “Page 2 Riverine Herald Friday October 21 1994”newspaper, nurses

Newspaper cutting showing map of the No 1 Sewerage Area City of Bendigo. 1921bendigo, planning, sewerage, bendigo sewerage

Part of the HEWSTON collection WW1 & WW2.Black & white newspaper cutting showing a march of Service women through a city street.Front bottom R corner: “1942” Rear: “Aunty Gert, First Governor of New Guinea” military history, documents - newspapers

Newspaper cutting - re Des Purdon (Bendigo Advertiser Jan 23rd, 2012). Photograph.Bendigo Advertiser.person, individual, des purdon

Early resident in Cowes Phillip Island. Units in Findlay Street named after her - Lambert Terrace.Newspaper cutting of Babs Lambert playing croquet at the Phillip Island Croquet Club in February 1984.Anyone for croquetbabs lambert, phillip island croquet club, evelyn mai lambert, roger rapke

Newspaper cutting (6/1/2012, Bendigo Advertiser re: Noela Stratford artist in charcoal.Bendigo Weeklyperson, individual, nola stratford

Newspaper cutting Bendigo Advertiser Feb 18 2012 - re Bob Richards. Volunteer with Red Cross.Bendigo Advertiser.person, individual, bob richards, bendigo red cross, kerang rail disaster, brisbane floods, black saturday

Newspaper cutting re Andrew Pickles - Advertiser 31/1/2012 - volunteer with various groups in Bendigo.Bendigo Advertiserperson, individual, andrew pickles.

Newspaper cutting (Bendigo Weekly 9/12/2011) re Alec Sandner (Mayor). With colour photo.Bendigo Weeklybendigo, council, alec sandner, mayor of bendigo.

The text reads as follows: "After we had tried in vain to induce a certain gentleman to visit Talma for his photograph, the Australian Sunday School Teacher was able to present him to its readers. How came t.. ..out? Can it be that the gentleman concered likes Sunday School folks better than he loves Fellowship folks? Perish the thought! Another explanation must be found. The editor of a …. …ghtly-written magazine named has "… ..d him" which "we" cannot claim. We do … …udge him his success, especially as he is (kind?) enough to place at our disposal the excellent portrait he gave Sunday School readers of the new president. For the new president of ….." Newspaper cutting that has been too closed cut so that the text of the accompanying article is partially obscured.greenwood, w. f.

Newspaper cutting, undated/newspaper not named, re wedding at Kangaroo Flat (FrankTaylor, hat manufacturer and Miss Free) at Wesleyan Church. Details of wedding etc.event, social, wedding, kangaroo flat, wesleyan church, miss weigard.

Newspaper cutting Bendigo Advertiser 27/01/2012 - Kevin Reade, volunteer at Bendigo Sandhurst Rotary Club.Bendigo Advertiserperson, individual, kevin reade, kevin reade, bendigo sandhurst rotary club, axe creek fire brigade, lake weeroona.

Newspaper cutting (Bendigo Advertiser 9/3/2012) re Brian Secombe - volunteer. Includes coloured photo.Bendigo Advertiserperson, individual, brian secombe