Index, bibliography, ill, maps, p.335.non-fictionn 1900, Germany was one of modernity's great success stories: The most progressive and dynamic nation in Europe, it was the only country whose rapid economic growth and innovation rivaled that of the United States. Its political culture was far less authoritarian than Russia's and less anti-Semitic than France's. Representative institutions thrived, and competing political parties and elections were a central part of life. How, then, could it be that in little more than a generation this stable modern country would fall into the hands of Adolf Hitler and the violent, racist, extremist political movement he led, a movement that would lead Germany and then all of Europe into utter moral, physical, and cultural ruin?" "There is no story in twentieth-century history more important to understand, and Richard Evans has written the definitive account for our time. A masterful synthesis of a vast body of scholarly work integrated with important new research and interpretations, Evans's history restores drama and contingency to the rise to power of Hitler and the Nazis, even as he shows how ready Germany was by the early 1930s for such a takeover to occur. Its citizens were angry and embittered by military defeat and economic ruin, and its young democracy undermined by a civil service, an army, and a law enforcement system deeply alienated from the new order. The electorate was beset by growing extremism and panic about communism; and the small but successful Jewish community was subject to wide-spread suspicion and resentment. In the end, though nothing about what happened was preordained, Germany proved to be fertile ground for Nazism's ideology of hatred.germany - politics and government 1933-1939, germany - nazi party

Bibliography, ill, maps, p.692.non-fictionThis landmark book explores the richness and diversity of Australian military history, which has had a profound impact on the development of Australia. The two world wars - destructive yet often ennobling commitments for the young nation - have been the most important experiences for several generations of Australians, but military considerations and obligations have had a pervasive influence throughout Australian history. Just as it would be impossible to form a proper understanding of that history without due consideration of Gallipoli, the Kokoda Track, and conscription, it would be difficult to exaggerate the abiding influence of the 'digger' and the Anzac legend. From the beginnings of European settlement and the violence that accompanied it, to the more recent engagement of Australian forces in the Gulf War and peace-keeping operations in Africa, military questions have been a constant theme in the story of Australia. Anzac and Gallipoli are well-known names in the consciousness, but they can only be fully appreciated if examined in a wider context. This book does just that, providing a detailed analysis of Australian military achievements and an assessment of the importance of war in Australian history. The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History covers all aspects of this complex and fascinating subject. It contains more than 800 individual entries, written by leading military historians. All the major campaigns and battles are examined, along with significant military and civilian figures, such as Thomas Blamey, John Monash, John Curtin, Albert Jacka and Charles Bean. There are articles on weapons and weapons systems and on the development of the individual services and their component parts. The roles of industry, science and technology are analysed, and a series of essay-length articles discusses key aspects of our military legacy, including military humour and the impact of war on Australian film, television and literature. Here, then, is the most comprehensive guide to Australian military history, ranging from the colonial period to the 1990s. The Companion is supplemented by 100 photographs and by more than 30 maps. It is an indispensable source for students, specialists and general readers alike. Collapse summary australia - armed forces - history, australia - armed forces - encyclopaedias

Index, bib, ill, notes, p.288.non-fictionBefore the First World War most Australians shared the emotions and traditions of the British Empire. Proud of their British heritage, anxious to raise the Imperial status of Australia, they were eager to fight and, if need be, to die in defence of their race and country. But the horror and tragedy of the conflict brought fundamental changes in outlook. Many of the pre-war enthusiasms persisted, but the days of unquestioning allegiance to Empire were beginning to come to an end, to be replaced by the bittersweet tradition of Anzac. Dr Gammage shows how and why these changes took place. Using the diaries and letters of one thousand front-line soldiers of the First Australian Imperial Force, most of them now part of a unique collection housed in the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, he reconstructs the motives and expectations with which these men volunteered and the experiences they encountered. He highlights and examines the new attitudes to war and to the homeland that developed and foreshadows the important effects in Australia of the changed outlook brought home by the survivors. Those who have returned from war will recognise immediately the raw realities faced by the 'diggers', the growing disillusionment, and the hopes for the future. Those with fathers, husbands, or brothers who served, and all those concerned with what happens to men at war, cannot fail to be moved by the simple dignity of the men{u2019}s accounts, or by the understated courage with which they wrote to their families of the miseries they endured. This book, written with sensitivity and scholarly care, must be read if we are to understand war and its impact on the ethos of a nation. world war 1914-1918 - personal correspondence, world war 1914-1918 - social conditions

Index, bibliography, ill, maps, sound disc, p.158.This publication is a unique and highly readable contribution to the commemoration of the centenary of the Anzacs in World War 1. Ted Egan presents an historical documentation of the Anzacs and the ordinary men, women and children of the two young nations of Australia and New Zealand, forever affected by this tragic episode in world history. Set against the political background of the day, succinctly revealed, Egan brings a clarity and immediacy to this period by his interweaving of personal stories, deeply moving songs, a collection of public and personal photos and an historical narrative that speaks directly to the reader, engaging our hearts as well as our heads. It is a story of the loss of innocence of two young nations, for a generation and beyond. Amusing anecdotes and stories of great courage and ingenuity leaven, to some extent, the brutal truth behind the personal stories.anzac - history, anzac - songs and music, anzac - stories

Index, ill, maps, p.731.non-fictionThis volume continues to use the approach of previous "Chronicles" and details the events of the war from September 1939 to August 1945, week by week and even hour by your for certain key events such as the D-Day landing. It contains black and white and colour photographs, some of them full page size and the content has been checked by senior British military chiefs: Lord Lewis, Sir John Stanier and Sir Michael Armitage. Topics range from "My War", which gives personal war memoirs from well-known public figures including Spike Milligan, Dr Robert Runcie, Denis Healey and Vera Lynn, and "The Technology of the War", which details machinery as it developed in all waring nations for the war in the air, on land and at sea, to "The Heroes of the War", which contains details of every individual who won the Victoria Cross or the George Cross during the war.world war 1939-1945 - history, world war 1939-1945 - pictorial works

Index, bib, ill, maps, p.272.non-fictionAustralians at war is the story of a nation in wartime. It tells the compelling tale of the sufferings and sacrifice of those who served and those who waited at home and shows how the experience of war has helped to make Australia the nation it is today. Intense, moving and dramatic, Australians at War takes a journey deep into the emotional heart of the nation.australia - history - military, australia - armed forces

Beam balance (gold scales) made by Oertling - London. The balance is in a case made of mahogany and fully glassed, it has two draws. The brass scales are built into the case. The maker's name is present on the base of the scale. There is a brass knob that fits in the front to make adjustment to the scales and also on either side of the exterior case to set the top of the scales. There are two front draw, the left one is missing the drawer knob.mining, equipment, scale, ludwig oertling (1818-1893) was born near hamburg and gained his apprenticeship in instrument-making with his brother johann. he immigrated to london in 1840, where he joined instrument-maker and assayer george makins (1815-1893). oertling collaborated with makins and built his first balance, which was "a twin-column assay type with a light lattice beam". by 1851, the year of the great international exhibition of the works of all nations, oertling had established his own instrument-making business, employed five instrument-makers, and by 1861, ten staff were engaged in designing and making instruments, principally analytical balances. oertling's first twin-column beam balance was the prototype for all oertling assay balances that were produced during the next century and exported to the british colonies: australia, new zealand, canada, south africa and india, to europe and america.

Index, bib, ill, maps, p.224.Within three months of the Japanese entering World War II on December 8, 1941 over 22 000 Australians had become prisoners-of-war. They went into camps in Timor, Ambon, New Britain, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Singapore and Malaya, and a few were scattered to other points in what was briefly part of the Japanese empire. Later most of the prisoners were to be shifted further north into South-east Asia, Formosa, Korea, Manchuria and Japan itself. They were captives within lands and cultures and to experiences alien to those known to all other Australians. At the end of the war in August 1945, 14315 servicemen and thirty service women were alive to put on new, loose-fitting uniforms and go home. One in three of the prisoners had died. That is, nearly half of the deaths suffered by Australians in the war in the Pacific were among men and women who had surrendered. Another 8174 Australians had been captured in the fighting in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: but of these men only 265 died as a result of wounds, disease or execution.By any quantitative measure the imprisonment of so many Australians is a major event in Australian history. For many soldiers it was living --and dying --in captivity which made World War II different from that of World War I. But the prisoners have received no permanent place in Australian history. Their story is not immediately recalled on celebratory occasions. In a general history of the nation in which a chapter is given to the war the prisoners might be mentioned in a sentence, or part of a sentence. Where the horror, stoicism and gallantry of Gallipoli have become part of a common tradition shared by all Australians, the ex-prisoners are granted just the horror. The public may be sympathetic; but the horror is for the prisoners alone. To make another comparison: in five months of fighting on the Kokoda Trail in 1942 the Australians lost 625 dead, less than the number who died on Ambon. Yet the events on Ambon are unknown to most Australians. There were no reporters or cameramen on Ambon and, for the 309 who defended Ambon's Laha airfield, no survivors. How many of them died in battle or died as prisoners will never be known. But there are more than just practical reasons why the record of the prisoners of war is so slight and uneven in the general knowledge of Australians. They have not tried to find out. No historian has written a book to cover the range of camps and experiences, and only in specialist medical publications has anyone investigated the impact of prison life on subsequent physical and mental health. The complexity of the experience and its impact on particular lives have not been expressed in a way to give them significance for other Australians.world war 1939 – 1945 - prisons and prisoners – japanese, world war 1939-1945 - personal narrativies - australia

Index, bib, ill, maps, p.476.non-fictionHMAS Sydney's hunt for the German raider, Emden. When the ships of the new Royal Australian Navy made their grand entry into Sydney Harbour in October 1913, a young nation was at peace. Under a year later Australia had gone to war in what was seen as a noble fight for king, country and Empire. Thousands of young men joined up for the adventure of having 'a crack at the Kaiser'. And indeed the German threat to Australia was real, and very near - in the Pacific islands to our north, and in the Indian Ocean. In the opening months of the war, a German raider, Emden, wreaked havoc on the maritime trade of the British Empire. Its battle against the Australian cruiser HMAS Sydney, when it finally came, was short and bloody - an emphatic first victory at sea for the fledgling Royal Australian Navy. This is the stirring story of the perilous opening months of the Great War and the bloody sea battle that destroyed the Emden in a triumph for Australia that resounded around the world. In the century since, many writers have been there before Mike Carlton. Most were German, some of them survivors of the battle, others later historians, and they have generally told the story well. British accounts vary in quality, from good to nonsense, and there have been some patchwork American attempts as well. Curiously, there has been very little written from an Australian point of view. This book is - in part - an attempt to remedy that, with new facts and perspectives brought into the light of day.world war 1939 – 1945 – naval operations - australia, world war 1939 – 1945 –naval operations - germany

Bib, ill, p.429.Haunting and poignant, this collection of portraits from renowned Melbourne artist, George Petrou portrays a spirit like no other — the Anzac spirit. Australians from all walks of life have served our great nation with gallantry and sacrifice — ordinary people who displayed mateship, resilience and devotion to duty. The Art of Sacrifice captures the spirit of service in a fitting tribute to all Anzacs of every generation. Using images of the past and the stories of today, the artist travels Australia and overseas to connect the past and the present in a unique, powerful and evocative collection of outstanding portraits. The Art of Sacrifice is a stunning contribution to the understanding and commemoration of all those who have served our great country.australia - military - personal narratives, soldiers - australia - pictorial works

Index, ill, p.245.An illustrated encyclopaedia of the naval forces of every nation with full specifications of their equipment and details of naval art and science, navies - encyclopaedias

Index, bib, ill, p.236.non-fictionIt is difficult to overestimate the excitement that accompanied the birth of the Spitfire. An aircraft imbued with balletic grace and extraordinary versatility, it was powered by a piston engine and a propeller, yet came tantalisingly close to breaking the sound barrier. First flown in 1936, the Spitfire soon came to symbolize Britain's defiance of Nazi Germany in the summer of 1940. Flown by pilots of many nations, it saw service as far afield as Australia and the Soviet Union. Spitfire: The Biography is a celebration of a great British invention.spitfire, world war ii - air warfare

Bib, ill, maps, p.243.non-fictionAustralia's Submariners are a group with an extremely strong sense of identity that goes well beyond occupational comradeship or the esprit de corps of military life in peace or war. Since 1914, the unique skills, attitudes, values and demands of the work they do and the environment in which they do it have forged unparalleled camaraderie. A camaraderie that extends beyond nationality, embracing submariners past and present of every other nation. No one but submariners understand the experience of diving deep beneath the waves in technology filled tubes of steel, each submariner totally dependent on the other for a safe return to the surface. The ethos of Australia's submariners is based upon these factors and remains strong even when they leave the sea and take up other occupations. Australia's future submarines will certainly present challenges in terms of sophistication, technology and capability however the characteristics of our submariners evolved over previous generations will remain much the same; trained and equipped to meet the challenges; just as they have been met and surmounted so many times, in silence, over a century of service.royal australian navy - submarine forces, submarine warfare

Index, bib, ill, maps, p.398.non-fictionIn the last winter of the Second World War, Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin arrived in the Crimean resort of Yalta. Over eight days of bargaining, bombast and intermittent bonhomie they decided on the conduct of the final stages of the war against Germany, on how a defeated and occupied Germany should be governed, on the constitution of the nascent United Nations and on spheres of influence in Eastern Europe, the Balkans and Greece. Only three months later, less than a week after the German surrender, Roosevelt was dead and Churchill was writing to the new President, Harry S. Truman, of 'an iron curtain' that was now 'drawn down upon [the Soviets'] front'. Diana Preston chronicles eight days that created the post-war world, revealing Roosevelt's determination to bring about the dissolution of the British Empire and Churchill’s conviction that he and the dying President would run rings round the Soviet premier. But Stalin monitored everything they said and made only paper concessions, while his territorial ambitions would soon result in the imposition of Communism throughout Eastern Europe.world war 1939-1945 - diplomatic history, yalta conference - crimea- 1945

Index, bib, ill, maps, p.888.non-fictionThe 20th century is the century of communism and fascism, of debt and prosperity, of the United Nations and nationalistic fervour, of mass demonstrations and individual defiance; and also of the aircraft and the submarine, of the conveyor belt and the computer, of miracle cures and new diseases, and of radio and television. history - modern - 20th century, history - modern - 21st century

Index, bib, ill, maps, p.557.non-fictionThough technological advances over the last century have revolutionized warfare, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783 remains a classic text on the history, strategy, and comprehension of commercial and military command of the high seas. The first president of the U.S. Naval War College, Alfred Thayer Mahan demonstrates through historical examples that the rise and fall of sea power and the wealth of nations have always been linked with commercial and military command of the sea. Mahan describes successful naval strategies employed in the past--from Greek and Roman times through the Napoleonic Wars--with an intense focus on England's rise as a sea power in the eighteenth century. This book provides not only an overview of naval tactics but also a lucid exposition of geographic, economic, and social factors governing the maintenance of sea power.naval history - modern, sea power

Ill, p.380.non-fictionBased on his diaries, this is a frank account of how Mason came first in French Foreign Legion basic training, trained other Legionnaires, went to Africa, did sniper, commando and medic's training and took part in two operations, both in the Republic of Djibouti, where a civil war nearly crippled the nation. It tells of his daily life in the Legion, in the training regiment, in Africa and with the Legion's Parachute Regiment. But more than this, David's gripping account reveals his disillusionment, frustration and disappointments, and how the Legion today is not what it seems.soldiers - australia - biography, france - military history

'Queep-Queep’ means ‘birds’ in Woi-wurrung language—the language of the Wurundjeri people—the Traditional Owners of the land on which the building is standing. Referencing what lived and flourished in this area prior to European invasion, the artwork acknowledges the important Aboriginal history of the area now known as the City of Yarra. The six native birds depicted in the artwork can all be found living within the City of Yarra: the male red-rumped parrot, kookaburra, superb fairy wren, rainbow lorikeet, raven, and wedge-tailed eagle. Many south-eastern Aboriginal people recognise the wedge-tailed eagle as Bunjil—the creator spirit. Bunjil is the head of the Kulin Nation and is very powerful. Bunjil created the land, waterways, animals, plants and even the people. He is watching over the land to ensure that we are caring for Country—reminding us to respect ourselves, respect others and respect the environment.'Queep-Queep' is a site-specific artwork commissioned for the new Richmond Kindergarten, Lord Street, Richmond, 2023.Two aluminium birds (a wedge-tailed eagle and a raven) at the entrance to the building, and a large, colourful mural of Australian native birds painted in a graphic style on the other side of the wall facing into the playground.accompanying plaquebirds, bunjil, country, kulin nation, environment, public art

As the Australian Army begins its second century, it can look back on a proud and rich history that has seen it answer the nation's call during two world wars as well as a number of lesser conflicts.australia. army - history, australia - history, military

On a glorious sunny day in 1962, 807 young cadets were sworn in at West Point, America's top military academy. Inspired by John F. Kennedy's call to serve the nation, they dreamed of becoming heroes. Little could they imagine the long dark yourney that lay ahead.united states. army, president kennedy

The leaders who shaped the Australian Army from the Veldt to Vietnam.Australian military history is full of big names that loom large in the public memory of the nation's wartime experiences - Monash, Chauvel, Jacka and Blamey. But what about the others, influential but lesser known army strategists and leaders, who shaped the Australian Army? this book pulls them out of the shadows.australia. army - officers - biography, australia. army - military personnel - biography

Over the thirty years of his career as commander in chief (of Communist forces in Vietnam). Giap not only frustrated the designs of two nations far stronger that his own both militarily and technologically, but also continually built up the strength and capabilities of his own military forces, seamlessly integrating them into a resilient political infrastructure that he himself had no small hand in creating.generals -- vietnam -- biography, vietnam (democratic republic). qua^n do ^i -- biography

Between 1948, when Australia assumed strategic responsibility for British Commonwealth sea lines of communication to and from Southeast Asia and 1971, when the Five Power Defence Arrangements came into effect, ships and men of the Royal Australian Navy served with almost unnoticed distinction in defending the newly emerging nations of Malaya, Malaysia and Singapore.australia. royal australian navy - history - 20th century, australia - military relations - southeast asia

Serving the nation in uniform is a career choice. But have you ever wondered about the life of a partner of these brave men andwomen?military spouses -- australia -- biography, families of military personnel -- australia -- biography

Today the mere mention of Vietnam conjures up images of protest in American streets, escalating emotions, and tensions so strong they divided a country. Yet in the United States did not fight alone. Comparativel little is known about Australia's experience - the motives for entering the conflict, national support (or lack of it) for Australia's role there, and how that nation dealt with the aftermath of war.vietnamese conflict , 1961-1975 - australia, 1961-1975 - participation, australian

Over the thrity years of his career as commander in chief (of Cummunist forces in Vietnam). Giap not only frustrated the designs of two nations far stronger that his own both militarily and technologically, but also continually built up the strength and capabilities of his own military forces, seamlessly integrating them into a resilient political infrastructure that he himself had no small hand in creating. generals -- vietnam -- biography, vietnam (democratic republic). qua^n do ^i -- biography

In Vietnam: Anatomy of a Peace, Gabriel Kolko argues that victory in 1975 caught the Communists wholly unprepared to cope with the reconstruction of the war-torn nation.vietnam -- social conditions -- 1975, vietnam -- economic conditions -- 1975

non-fictionOn a glorious sunny day in 1962, 807 young cadets were sworn in at West Point, America's top military academy. Inspired by John F. Kennedy's call to serve the nation, they dreamed of becoming heroes. Little could they imagine the long dark journey that lay ahead. united states. army, president j f kennedy, vietnam

As the end of this century approaches, many of us feel drawn to reflect on the momentous events which have taken us from a scattered collection of colonies into a cohesive and thriving nation.prisoners of war - history - 20th century, prisoners of war - australia