Sand goannas are the second largest species of carnivorous lizards found across mainland Australia. They can grow up to 160cm in length and can weigh as much as 6kg. Their common name is derived from "iguana", since early European bush settlers in Australia likened goannas to the South American lizards. Goannas retain special cultural and historic significance within Australian folklore and Indigenous culture. They were an important traditional native food source and are commonly represented in Aboriginal Dreamtime stories. In some Aboriginal languages, the sand goanna is called "bungarra"; a term also commonly used by non-Aboriginal people in Western Australia. In Pitjantjatjara and other central Australian languages, goannas are called "tingka". This specimen is part of a collection of almost 200 animal specimens that were originally acquired as skins from various institutions across Australia, including the Australian Museum and the National Museum of Victoria, as well as individuals such amateur anthropologist Reynell Eveleigh Johns between 1860-1880. These skins were then mounted by members of the Burke Museum Committee and put-on display in the formal space of the Museum’s original exhibition hall where they continue to be on display. This display of taxidermy mounts initially served to instruct visitors to the Burke Museum of the natural world around them, today it serves as an insight into the collecting habits of the 19th century. This specimen is part of a significant and rare taxidermy mount collection in the Burke Museum. This collection is scientifically and culturally important for reminding us of how science continues to shape our understanding of the modern world. They demonstrate a capacity to hold evidence of how Australia’s fauna history existed in the past and are potentially important for future environmental research. This collection continues to be on display in the Museum and has become a key part to interpreting the collecting habits of the 19th century.Small goanna with a streamlined body and textured scaly skin in different shades of olive and brown. It has a long neck and a long tail which narrows towards the tip. The goanna has four short, stocky legs which meet with large, curled claws. Its mouth is slightly slightly open, and it has two black glass eyes.On tag: BMM / 5892 /taxidermy mount, taxidermy, animalia, burke museum, beechworth, australian museum, skin, reynell eveleigh johns, lizard, goanna, sand goanna, monitor lizard, various gouldii

Booklet. ALEC H CHISHOLM COLLECTION. A 29 page soft cover booklet by the Rev. Peter MacPherson M.A. A philological examination of the Aboriginal names of rivers in Australia. Read before the Royal Society of N.S.W. on 4 August 1886. Printed in 1887 by Charles Potter, Government Printer, Sydney. Catalogue sticker ''2229 MAC'' on front cover. ''1886'' written in pencil on front cover.Peter MacPhersonbooks, collections, place names, alec h chisholm collection, aboriginal names, australian rivers, rev. peter macpherson

Comprises twenty-three extracts from the Minutes of Evidence of the Coranderrk Inquiry, accompanied by an analysis of the historical text and context. The book relies strongly on primary-source materials and accurately references historical analysis from scholarly and Aboriginal perspectives. This book is derived from a verbatim-theatre performance in which professional actors portrayed the witnesses who gave evidence before the 1881 Coranderrk Inquiry.illustrations, photographs, facsimiles, maps, portraitswurundjeri, woi wurrung, william barak

Aboriginal children in remote communities have the lowest rates of success in school. The reasons for the lack of success are well known, and mainly lie outside of the schools and their programs. Education authorities have made some poor choices in the past. They have not enforced the necessary discipline on children to attend school, and they have placed cultural sensitivity above the needs of the child to cope in the modern economy. More recently they have begun to concentrate on programs in literacy and numeracy, but success is limited because of the perverse incentives of other government initiatives. These initiatives have been blind to the need to deal with the absence of an economy in remote areas, and the absence of a work ethic among Aborigines who are welfare dependent. The absence of the work ethic and the absence of work have severely constrained the returns on the investment in Aboriginal education. The correct policy response to failure at school will be determined not simply by additional programs at school, but by how various issues of transition to the real economy - work, individual obligation, mobility - are managed. The transition will be better managed if educators and governments understand that education is essentially an instrument in economic integration, and that many remote communities are not viable, and where they are not schools should not be used as pawns to keep them afloat. Moreover, educators and governments should understand that western education cannot and should not preserve Aboriginal culture. Most importantly, parents' behaviour needs to change and where incentives to send children to school fail, compulsion must be used.school programs, education policy, literacy and numeracy, employment outcomes

The series of 9 photographs were taken to be included in a study of archaeological sites and Aboriginal rings in the Sunbury area. Five earth rings which are thought to be associated with male initiation ceremonies have been identified in Sunbury. Only 3 others have been found in the rest of Victoria. Despite rapid development in the area, those sites are protected heritage sites.A coloured photograph of an open hillside which is a sacred site. Gum trees and grassy tufts are dotted across the hillside.aboriginal culture, aboriginal rings, sacred sites, george evans collection

The University of Ballarat was formed in 1994, and is a predecessor organisation of Federation University Australia. White covered book with blue and maroon printing and logo. Information includes staff, admission policies and procedures, fees, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Students, Scholarships, accomodation, International Students, courses, units, academic regulations, E.J. Barker Library Regulations, Appeals, Non-Sexist language, Student discipline, Academic Board Policy, Student Union, Enrolment, Parking, Campus plan, Locality map.university of ballarat handbook, courses, student association, marg thorne, mary rhyne, vicki anwyl, jenny geddes, wendy keyte, lynne billstone-convery, toni palmer, mary williams, steve blomeley, jenny gallagher, tracey fox

Booklet. ALEC H CHISHOLM COLLECTION. A 16 page booklet (2nd Edition) of NSW aboriginal place names and their meaning. Compiled by W. W. Thorpe (Ethnologist). Set up and printed by the Australian Museum, Sydney in May 1927. Inside are 5 newspaper clippings from an Adelaide paper (no dates) about nomenclature. Catalogue sticker '2155 THO' on front cover together with the signature of A. H. Chisholm.W. W. Thorpebooks, collections, place names, alec h chisholm collection, aborigine, w.w.thorpe, place names

The journals of George Augustus Robinson (1788-1866), the Chief Protector of Aborigines of Port Phillip from 1839- March 1850 are a rich source of historical and ethnohistorical information. His voluminous private papers and journals were acquired by the Mitchell Library in NSW in 1939. The publications of Robinson's journals is an important addition to the already published material, for they offer insights into the state of relations between Aboriginal people and Europeans in the districts visited.document reproductions, b&w illustrationsgeorge augustus robinson, port phillip, colonisation

The journals of George Augustus Robinson (1788-1866), the Chief Protector of Aborigines of Port Phillip from 1839- March 1850 are a rich source of historical and ethnohistorical information. His voluminous private papers and journals were acquired by the Mitchell Library in NSW in 1939. The publications of Robinson's journals is an important addition to the already published material, for they offer insights into the state of relations between Aboriginal people and Europeans in the districts visited.document reproductions, b&w illustrations, tables, word listsgeorge augustus robinson, port phillip, colonisation

The journals of George Augustus Robinson (1788-1866), the Chief Protector of Aborigines of Port Phillip from 1839- March 1850 are a rich source of historical and ethnohistorical information. His voluminous private papers and journals were acquired by the Mitchell Library in NSW in 1939. The publications of Robinson's journals is an important addition to the already published material, for they offer insights into the state of relations between Aboriginal people and Europeans in the districts visited.document reproductions, b&w illustrations, tablesgeorge augustus robinson, port phillip, colonisation

The journals of George Augustus Robinson (1788-1866), the Chief Protector of Aborigines of Port Phillip from 1839- March 1850 are a rich source of historical and ethnohistorical information. His voluminous private papers and journals were acquired by the Mitchell Library in NSW in 1939. The publications of Robinson's journals is an important addition to the already published material, for they offer insights into the state of relations between Aboriginal people and Europeans in the districts visited.document reproductions, b&w illustrations, tablesgeorge augustus robinson, port phillip, colonisation

The journals of George Augustus Robinson (1788-1866), the Chief Protector of Aborigines of Port Phillip from 1839- March 1850 are a rich source of historical and ethnohistorical information. His voluminous private papers and journals were acquired by the Mitchell Library in NSW in 1939. The publications of Robinsons journals is an important addition to the already published material, for they offer insights into the state of relations between Aboriginal people and Europeans in the districts visited.document reproductionsgeorge augustus robinson, port phillip, colonisation

Balang [John MAWURNDJUL] (1952 - ) Born Mumeka, Northern Territory Country: Milmilngkan, West Arnham Land, Northern Territory Clan: Na-Kurulk Language Group: Kunwinjku Location: Milmilngkan John Mawurndjul is an Australian indigenous artist. He is a member of the Kuninjku people of West Arnhem Land, Northern Territory. Growing up John had only occasional contact with non-indigenous people and culture. He was tutored in rarrk, a traditional painting technique using fine cross hatching and infill, working on small barks. During the 1980s he started producing larger and more complex works. The artist has painted 'Wayarra', a generic term which can include both malevolent spirit beings which continually inhabit certain sites or objects but can also mean the Spirit of a recently deceased person. These spirits are one of two spirits of the dead, the other being the 'Kun-malng' soul. The 'Wayarra' is the shadow or 'shade' of the dead and may take on the form of the deceased and haunt areas where the deceased recently inhabited. In order to prevent Wayarra spirits from harassing relative of the recently deceased, a smoking ceremont is performed where Ironwood leaves are burnt around the camp of the recently deceased and ochre is rubbed on all objects belonging to the deceased. Ochre may also be rubbed on vehicles, houses and trees. Some Wayarra are a particular Dreaming totem for people of certain clans. This is why many artists depict Wayarra in their bark paintings and sculptures. They are depicting clan totems particular to their lineage and which are celebrated in major regional patrimoiety ceremonies. In 1989 the work of John Mawurndjul was included in the landmark exhibition "Magiciens de la Terra' at the Centre Pompidou and Grande Halle de la Vilette in Paris, France. His works have also been exhibited in numerous solo and group exhibitions in Australia, New York, Paris and Japan. Mawurndjul is one of eight artists whose work in part of the largest inernational commission of contemporary Indigenous art from Australia at the Musee du Quai Branly, Paris. The work was exhibited in the Australian survey "John Mawurndjul: I Am The Old And The New", at the Museum of Contemporary Art, one of the 160-odd works all chosen by Mawurndjul for inclusion in the exhibition. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 1000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.This artwork was chosen by John Murwurndjul as on of around 160 works for exhibition in the 2018 Australian Survey of his work at the Museum of Contemporary Art. The artist is known for his rarrk work, which is evident in 'Female Wayarra Spirit'.Aboriginal bark painting featurung rarrk. The artwork is associated with Dilebang, a duwa moiety place that belongs to the Kurulk clan. This work is currently on loan for exhibition in 'John Mawurndjul: I am the old and the new'. The exhibition will be shown at the Museum of Contemporary Art Australia (Sydney) from 6 July – 23 September 2018, and the Art Gallery of South Australia, Adelaide from 26 October 2018 – 28 January 2019.art, artwork, john mawurndjul, aboriginal, bark painting, rarrk, wayarra, kuninjku, maningrida, loan

The Nunawading Council produced commemorative First Day Covers showing First Day of issue stamp during the years 1981-1992Three First Day Covers, each bearing 33 cent stamp, reproduction of painting of 'Australia Day 1986: An Aboriginal Perspective'. Postmarked 'First Day of Issue 24 Jan 1986 Nunawading Vic 3131' At left of envelope, logo and depiction of shearer shearing sheep; also 'Australia Day Family Festival' and '26th January 1986, Civic Centre, Nunawading'. Envelopes numbered 119, 120, 268Municipal Offices Nunawading Vic 3131philately, date stamps, civic mementoes, souvenirs

This is the sixteenth issue of the annual Orbost High School magazine. The name Croajingolong derives from the Australian Aboriginal Krauatungalung words galung, meaning "belonging to" and kraua, meaning "east". 2211.1 belonged to Mary Gilbert, a former teacher at the school. 2211.2 belonged to Brenda Murray, a former mayor of East Gippsland Shire and a prominent Orbost resident. 2211.3 belonged to Mr & Mrs Shelton.This magazine is a useful reference tool.Three copies of a white covered magazine with black print : Croajingolong Vol.1 No. 16. On the left side is the badge of Orbost High School , a sheaf of corn inside a double oval which has, inside it, the school motto , " acti labore iundi".

This is the nineteenth issue of the annual Orbost High School magazine. The name Croajingolong derives from the Australian Aboriginal Krauatungalung words galung, meaning "belonging to" and kraua, meaning "east". 2214.1 belonged to Mary Gilbert, a former teacher at the school. 2214.2 belonged to Brenda Murray, a former mayor of the East Gippsland Shire and a prominent Orbost citizen. 2214.3 belonged to Deborah Buckland. This magazine is a useful reference tool.Three copies of white covered magazine with dark blue print : Croajingolong Vol.1 No. 19 1966. On the left hand side is the Orbost High School crest of a sheaf of corn inside a double oval containing the school motto, " acti labores iucundi".2214.2 - on front cover in pen - Brenda Murray 2214.3 - many autographs, names written on front and back coverscroajingolong orbost-high-school

Wanda Blow is Aboriginal liaison officer of the Victorian Synod, division of Ecumenical Mission. Wanda wrote a C&N article in reply to to an article (C&N 22/8/1984 p.34) and a letter (C&N 22/8/1984 p. 6) that appeared in C&N 22 August 1984. The published photo is a cropped version of the file photo.Wanda Blow seated."Wanda Blow C&N 26/9/84, p.11"blow, wanda

The Ebenezer Mission Station is situated by the Wimmera River and was established by Moravian missionaries as the Lake Hindmarsh Aboriginal Reserve in 1859. At its peak more than 100 people lived and worked on the mission in more than 20 buildings. The Mission closed in 1900 and was returned to the Lands Department in 1904. The church was established in the 1870s and the cemetery includes hundreds of unmarked burials. In 1961 the National Trust (Victoria) received a letter from the Horsham Historical Society expressing concern for the future of the Mission buildings. By 1971 the National Trust was managing the site. It was fenced, connected to power and the church was restored. In the mid-1970s the gravestones were in a bad state of repair. Stonemason James McCauley worked on the stones for 2 weeks. In 1991 the church was handed over to the Goolum Goolum Aboriginal Co-operative to manage. On 05 December 2013 the National Trust handed over the freehold of the Mission site. Moravian missionary Revd Paul Bogisch and his wife Amalie are buried in the cemetery. A number of colour digital photographs showing buildings on the former Ebenezer Mission at Antwerp.ebenezer, bogisch, goolum goolum, goolum, national trust, national trust (victoria), lake hindmarsh, lake hindmarsh aboriginal reserve, moravian, mission, missionary

Ronald EDWARDS PEPPER Gunai Ronald Edwards Pepper is the grandson of Dulcie (Dolly) Mullet and Watson Pepper, Ronald’s family moved to Morwell in the 1960s from Lake Tyers Mission. He graduated from Federation University with a Bachelor of Visual and Media Arts in 2017, and has completed several commissions and participated in numerous exhibitions, in Australia and overseas. Artist Ronald Edwards-Pepper is keen to express himself through painting and telling stories of his Gunai/Kurnai ancestors. "My nanna and her stories have been part of my life, and who I have become today, and this influences my artworks. My grand-parents are Dolly Mullet & Watson Pepper. They came from Lake Tyers Mission and moved to Morwell in the 1960s with their mob of kids. Now this is the family home." EDUCATION: 2013-2017 - Bachelor of Visual & Media Arts/Federation University. 2010 - Trainee Mentor in Education (Latrobe Regional Gallery, Morwell) 2008 - Certificate III in Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander in Languages 2007 - Traineeships, Young Ambassador at the Latrobe Regional Gallery, Morwell 2006 - Completed & Graduated - Awarded 'Student of the Year’ 2005 - Certificate IV ATSI Cultural Arts, TAFE Mid-valley Campus Gippsland 2003 - Certificate 4 in Aboriginal and Torres Strait lslander Art & Design, TAFE Mid-valley Campus, Gippsland 2002 - Certificate 3 in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art & Design, TAFE Mid-valley Campus, Gippsland AboriginalSigned verso "R.Edwards"ronald edwards, aboriginal, gunai kurnai

This is the twenty-second issue of the annual Orbost High School magazine. The name Croajingolong derives from the Australian Aboriginal Krauatungalung words galung, meaning "belonging to" and kraua, meaning "east". 2217.1 belonged to Mary Gilbert, a former teacher at the school. 2217.2 belonged to Brenda Murray, a former East Gippsland Shire mayor and prominent Orbost resident. 2217.3 belonged to Mr and Mrs Shelton. This magazine is a useful reference tool.Three copies of Croajingolong 1969. It has a white cardboard cover with black print. On the cover is a stylised "CROAJINGOLONG".2217.1 - has Mr & Mrs Shelton in blue pen on the front cover 2217.2 has Brenda Murray in pen on front covercroajingolong orbost-high-school