"The Somme" named by WW1 Diggers was just around the corner from Big Hill. It was named because of the resemblance to "the Somme's muddy battle fields in France. The Great Ocean Road was constructed by WWI returned soldiers. Their use of language reflects this history"The Somme" named by WW1 Diggers. Just around the corner from Big Hill, named thus because of the resemblance to "The Somme" in France (because of the amount of mud on the site)great ocean road.; "the somme"; big hill

His Excellency, Hwang Hon Cheng, from Peking, China, visited Australia from 1906 -1907 as Chinese Commissioner in response to an urgent petition from well respected Chinese business leaders, The 1906 Petition was sent to the Chinese Ambassador in Britain requesting the appointment of a Chinese Consular Representative in Australia to ease the escalating Discrimination and address the Immigration Restrictions in Australia. Hwang Hon Cheng visited Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne , Adelaide and Hobart and after reviewing his recommendations Britain agreed to the appointment of the first Chinese Consul-General to Australia. In 1908 Mr Leong Lan Fun, Taotal of Swatow was appointed Consul-General for the Commonwealth with his headquarters in Melbourne. Animosity, suspicion and misunderstanding had existed between Chinese and European settlers since the Gold Rush of 1850’s. Language, customs, frugality and mostly their ability to obtain profit from crops seen as uneconomical by Europeans eg parsley, garlic and salad vegetables. Many of the Chinese workers did not purchase land instead their main aim was to obtain enough money for their family and return to China. There were a few still managing market gardens around East Bentleigh until the 1950’s, by which time they were highly regarded by the general community. A large photograph of His Excellency the Chinese Commissioner , Hwang Hong Cheng, in a wooden frame c1906His Excellency the Chinese Commissioner / Hwang Hong Cheng, moorabbin, bentleigh, ormond, brighton, gold rush, chinese immigration, chinese market gardeners, markets, cheltenham, cabinet makers, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, , hwang hon cheng, leong lan fun, peking china, melbourne

This stone Grinder or pounder was used as part of an indigenous grinding food preparation method, by the original inhabitants of the Kiewa Valley and its region. In conjunction with its grinding stone was used not only to grind seeds and but also to dig up eatable roots and leaves and served with the regions Bogong moth. This method of food preparation has survived in its basic form for centuries and is still used by master chiefs in modern eateries. This item has been registered with Aboriginal Affairs in Wangaratta, Victoria. Dhudhuroa elder Alan Murray has examined this tool, in Feb 2015, and said it was also used for sharpening axe heads as well as pounding food items. This item has a very significant historical and social aspect to it. Firstly it demonstrates the division of labour within a indigenous tribe. It was an era when the female had a definitive role within the family and the broader social indigenous tribal group of, gathering and preparing non animal(hunted) food. Hunted food was the domain of the initiated males of the tribe.Secondly it demonstrates the ability to fashion implements from raw materials(rock) into effective tools for the purpose of preparing a meal for human consumption. This was in an era where inter family and intra family participation in an indigenous tribal social protective environment was at a very high level. The Kiewa Valley/Mount Bogong region was an area where annual "get together" indigenous tribes for feasting, bartering and settling of disputes highlighting the importance of a regional gathering. Grooved stone, carved to a cylindrical shape with a relative pointed end tip one side (grinding or pounding end) and a rough other end (holding end} Made from Rhyolite stoneThere is a worn grove in the top side due to this tool being used for axe sharpening. indigenous, aboriginal, stone grinding, meal preparation, natural environment, pounding stone

The book has a brown cover with the title and author written in black on the front cover.non-fictionA book that was used for the teaching of the analysis of sentences in the English language.english language, sentences, grammer, non-fiction, j d morell

The polish was developed in Australia by William Ramsay who named it Kiwi after the flightless bird endemic to New Zealand, the home country of his wife, Annie Elizabeth Meek Ramsay. Its success in Australia expanded overseas when it was adopted by both the British and American armies in World War I. In the UK, Kiwi was for many years manufactured at its British headquarters in Ealing (Brumwell Road, London W5 1DT). From here the factory manufactured for the UK market and exported the Kiwi brand too much of Europe and the Middle East. In the mid-1970s, as part of a major streamlining, the UK factory was closed with production switched to France. The UK operation moved to Surrey at Yately becoming, effectively, a sales and marketing office, with distribution contracted to a third party. In 1980, production for the UK market moved back to the UK and was housed in a factory near Huddersfield. The UK head office was relocated to Maidstone, Kent, where Kiwi had other product interests. Following the global merger with Nicholas Laboratories, the UK head office was again relocated to Slough at the Nicholas building on Bath Road.A significant product as Kiwi is an Australian brand name of shoe polish, first launched and sold in Australia in 1906 and as of 2005 sold in almost 180 countries. Previously owned by the Sara Lee Corporation since 1984, it was sold in 2011 to S. C. Johnson. It is the dominant shoe polish in some countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States, where it has about two thirds of the market. In Malaysia and Singapore, Kiwi has become such a household brand for a shoe polish that the word "kiwi" has been genericized into a verb in the Malay language, meaning "to polish one's shoes".Metal cleaning outfit of Kiwi boot polish brush, scraper, & polish missingKiwi Boot Polish to front of containerflagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village

The Edison Fireside Phonograph Combination Type A model phonograph was an open horn model. This machine was produced around 1909, just after the introduction of 4-minute record cylinders in 1908.; the selection lever on the front was either 4 or 2-minute choice. This Fireside model has a fluted octagonal horn that attaches to the reproducer on the machine and is suspended by on ring by a horn crane attachment. The phonograph machine is powered purely by mechanical means, winding the crank handle on the side of the machine to start the belt-driven, spring-loaded motor inside. The sound comes from a pre-recorded, vertical cut record cylinder, which slides over the Mandle, a smooth rotating drum. The reproducer, an all-in-one needle, amplifier and speaker, is lowered onto the cylinder, the needle picks up the sound and plays it on the speaker and the attached horn amplifies the sound. The phonograph machine was invented by Thomas Alva Edison in the late 19th century. Edison adopted the idea from the technology of the telegraph machine. He patented the phonograph in early 1878. It was able to record sound and play it back. This amazing invention opened up a whole new world of entertainment, where wax cylinders of pre-recorded sound could be purchased with a wide variety of music and played over and over. The first wax cylinders were white and used a combination of bees' wax and animal fax or tallow. By 1892 Edison was using 'brown wax' cylinders that ranged from cream through to dark brown. The Edison Phonograph Company was formed in 1887 to produce these machines. He sold the company in 1855 to the North American Phonograph Company but bought that company in 1890. He then started the Edison Spring Motor factory in 1895, and the National Phonograph Company in 1896. In 1910 the company became Thomas A. Edison Inc. In 1898 Edison produced the Edison Standard Phonograph, the first phonograph to carry his own trade mark. He began mass producing duplicate copies of his wax cylinders in 1901 using moulds instead of engraving the cylinders. The wax was black and harder than the brown wax. The ends of the cylinders were bevelled so that the title's label could be added. The last phonograph machine to use an external open horn was produced in 1912 due to the much more robust round records being invented. In 1913 Edison started producing the Edison Disc Phonograph. The company stopped trading in 1929.This Edison Fireside Phonograph model is significant for being one of the last models to have an external horn. It is also significant for its connection with the invention of the phonograph, which made music and sound available for domestic enjoyment. It was used for entertainment and education, even teaching languages. It signalled a new era of music that could be reproduced and played anywhere. It is also significant for its short time span of popularity, just a few decades, due to the growing use of records, which gave a much higher quality sound and were more robust.Phonograph; Edison Fireside Phonograph, Combination Type, Model A. It is in a wooden case with a domed lid, metal catches on each side and a folding wooden handle. It has a metal drum and a reproducer mechanism. The metal and wood crank handle starts the machine’s motor. A sliding lever at the front selects the speed for four- or two-minute cylinders. The inscribed plate has the maker, serial number, patents and other information. The reproducer also has an inscription. It has a curved metal open horn attachment. Made in Orange, New Jersey in c.1909. NOTE: the fluted octagonal horn is catalogued separately.Case front, in script, Edison’s early ‘banner’ decal “Edison” On the front of the machine “Thomas A Edison TRADE MARK” On the maker’s plate; "Edison Fireside Phonograph Combination Type" Serial number “14718” Around sound outlet; “C 4076” “REPRODUCER LICENCED FOR USE ONLY ON EDISON PHOTOGRAPHS SOLD BYT.A. EDISON INC.” At the front edge “4 MINUTES 2flagstaff hill, maritime museum, maritime village, warrnambool, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, gramophone, phonograph, music player, entertainment, audio equipment, edison, thomas a edison, horn, phonograph horn, amplifier, audio, sound recording, sound playback, phonograph machine, phonograph cylinder, external horn, edison phonograph company, wax cylinders, sound reproduction, edison spring motor factory, national phonograph company, thomas a. edison inc, crank-operated motor, open horn phonograph, 4 speed, 2 speed

Notes taken by Geoff Biddington on computer terminology - 1970.1 Hard blue cover folder with 3 ring clasp. Hand written information on lined paper. .2 Brochure of six sections folded. This item was not viewed when checking details - 21/09/2017 Front cover: Blue sticker - I C T - International Computers and Tabulators. Gold Letters embossed - I B M - International Business Machinesgeoff biddington, cobol, language, ibm, ict

non-fictionThe gripping story of a small force of Australian Special Forces commandos that launched relentless hit and run raids on far superior Japanese forces in East Timor for most of 1942. These Australians were the men of the 2/2nd Australian Independent Company – a special commando unit. Initially stranded without radio contact to Australia, the Japanese declared these beared warriors ‘outlaws’ and warned they would be executed immediately if captured. The Australians drawn mainly from the bush, were chosen for their ability to operate independently and survive in hostile territory. As film-maker Damien Parer said after visiting in Timor in late 1942, ‘these men are writing an epic of guerrilla warfare’. Expertly researched by Paul Cleary, who is fluent in Tetum, the main language of the indigenous group of East Timor, it contains black and white photos.ww2, independent company, timor, world war ii, australian commando

Booklet. ALEC H CHISHOLM COLLECTION. 17 page soft cover booklet of poems about Australia by Roland E Robinson, a member of the Lyrebird Writers. Designed and printed by Edwards & Shaw in 1949 for the Lyrbird Writers, Sydney. Catalogue sticker '2085 ROB' on front cover.Roland E Robinsonbooks, collections, poetry, alec h chisholm collection, roland e robinson, lyrebird writers, poetry

Aboriginal Words of Australia, reference book of aboriginal words, 144 pages.A.H. & A.W. Reedaboriginal, language

John Ellison worked as an English teacher at migrant camps near Horsham in the 1950's Typewritten letter to Mr. L.J. Ellison, Wail via Dimboola from the Commonwealth of Australia Universities Commission dated 09/08/1950. The letter advises Mr. Ellison that a numbers of copies of the textbook "English for newcomers to Australia" revised edition would be sent for use in the classroom. The letter is signed F.H. Williamson (Officer in charge). Part of the Aileen and John Ellison collection.teaching, enlish as a second language, horsham

Index, bibliography, ill, p.212.non-fictionA reference book intended to help those who struggle with military jargon, especially in relation to the Vietnam conflictvietnam war 1961-1975 – australian involvement, english language - australia - slang

Index, notes, p.357.non-fictionDiscusses about the true cost of the Iraq war - quite apart from its tragic human toll - which the Bush administration estimated at $50 billion. This book argues that this underestimates the real figure by approximately six times. It attempts to expose the gigantic expenses which have not been officially accounted for. Stiglitz and Bilmes write in simple language, which makes the details they present, and the sums they add up, all the more disturbing.iraq war 2003-2011 - economic aspects, iraq war 2003-2011 - finance

Index, bib, p.848.non-fictionThe first complete life of the German tyrant to be published in any language. It remains almost the only balanced and authoritative history of the Third Reich. It provides an absorbing and readable account of one of the most extraordinary careers in history.adolf hitler - 1889-1945 - biography, germany - history - 20th century

The Production Unit was part of the VCE/TOP English course. This handbook gives students detailed information on expectations, timelines, etc. to fulfil the requirements of this unit of work.17 pages of text. Purple paper cover with title in black text. 2 staples on left side.english language study and teaching, vce english, top english, production unit, student handbook, preston college of tafe, nmit

The Placemats were made in response to the display of pictures of the "aap, noot, mies" reading boards, which led to requests from older Dutch Citizens for copies.The "aap, noot, mies" reading boards were used in the Netherlands for a long time (from many years before WWII till the late 1960's) as the main tool for teaching students in the first year of primary school the main vowels and consonants of the Dutch Language. The reading boards were used in combination with reading books containing the Zus & Jet stories. These stories are the source of the pictures on the reading board. Item number 6380 is an example of such a reading book.A laminated A4 copy of the "Aap, Noot, Mies" reading board.The board shows pictures of items and persons as well as the spelling of the words and names, for the words: aap, noot, mies,wim, zus, jet, teun, vuur, gijs, lam, kees, bok, weide, does, hok, duif, schapen.aap noot mies reading board leesplankje dutch primary school

Multatuli was considered the most important Dutch language publication of the 19th century.A 270p. soft cover book.This 1958 edition is based on the 1881 edition, the final one edited by the author himself.

propaganda, document

Conversational American English into Vietnamese: Course 111.vietnamese language, training