tower of london, traitor's gate, london

masons marks, lancaster gate, london, stone

These original columns are marble, made in 113AD. They come from Rome, Italy and are held in the Cast Courts at the Victoria & Albert Museum, London. The collection of casts at the museum is one of the most important in the world. Their original purpose was educational when it was not easy to trail and see original works. they thus provided an opportunity for students to study. The Cast Courts opened in 1873 and allowed the display of large monuments. These galleries are currently divided by nationality. Photograph of a cast of Trajan's Column at the Victoria & Albert Museum, London. The column has been displayed in two parts. he massive cast is a tremendous feat of both engineering and casting. Displayed in the Architectural Courts from the time of their opening in 1873, it provided the opportunity for students (and others not able to travel to Rome) to see this iconic monument of the classical world. The cast of the column is made up of sections of plaster reliefs that are attached to an inner chimney built of brick. Each section was individually numbered so that the column could easily be assembled like a giant jigsaw puzzle. (http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/trajans-column/)trajan's column, roman forum, plaster casts

This ornate cross sits at the right hand side of View of Trajan's column, Cast Courts, Room 46a, The West Court, Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Cast Courts: "When the Architectural Courts – or Cast Courts as they are now known – opened in 1873, The Builder magazine compared the experience of seeing them to a first glimpse of Mont Blanc, creating one of those 'impressions that can scarcely be effaced'. Since then, these two enormous rooms and the reproductions they contain have continued to impress and inspire visitors to the Museum. For centuries, antiquarian interest in world architecture and sculpture led to reproductions – or copies – being made of outstanding national monuments and notable sculptures. When the Museum was founded, it collected and displayed reproductions of great art and architecture from across the world in order to offer objects for study and tell a complete story of the history of art and design. Casts are made by placing several plaster moulds upon the surface of the original structure. Once hardened and removed, the moulds are then enclosed in an outer casing, the interior coated with a separating agent and the wet plaster poured in. When set, the pieces are then assembled and the joints and surfaces finished off, to make a complete reproduction of the original work. The finished product – as well as being a formidable technical achievement in its own right – enables admirers to study faithful reproductions of important monuments and works of art." Ref: https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/history-of-the-cast-courtslondon, victoria and albert museum, cast courts

The V&A is the world’s leading museum of art and design, housing a permanent collection of over 2.3 million objects that span over 5,000 years of human creativity. The Museum holds many of the UK's national collections and houses some of the greatest resources for the study of architecture, furniture, fashion, textiles, photography, sculpture, painting, jewellery, glass, ceramics, book arts, Asian art and design, theatre and performance. https://www.vam.ac.uk/info/about-usDigital photographs of a stained glass window at the Victoria And Albert Museum, Londonvictoria and albert museum, window, interior, stained glass window

Tippetts are generational potato farmers at DeanColour photograph of Tippett's farm at Dean, Victoria. dean, flood, tippett, potato, farming, agriculture

Generations of the Talbot family have called Malahide Castle home. They played significant roles in Irish political and social life. Set in 260 acres the castle is only 10 minutes from Dublin airport. https://www.malahidecastleandgardens.ie/ The estate began in 1185, when Richard Talbot, a knight who accompanied Henry II to Ireland in 1174, was granted the "lands and harbour of Malahide." The oldest parts of the castle date back to the 12th century and it was home to the Talbot family for 791 years, from 1185 until 1976, the only exception being the period from 1649–60, when Oliver Cromwell granted it to Miles Corbet after the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland; Corbet was hanged following the demise of Cromwell, and the castle was restored to the Talbots. The building was notably enlarged in the reign of Edward IV, and the towers added in 1765. The estate survived such losses as the Battle of the Boyne, when fourteen members of the owner's family sat down to breakfast in the Great Hall, and all were dead by evening, and the Penal Laws, even though the family remained Roman Catholic until 1774. In 1918 during the First World War a mooring-out base for airships was established in the grounds of the castle, used by airships from RNAS Anglesey in Wales which conducted anti-submarine operations in the Irish Sea. There were plans to base airships here from 1919, but these were abandoned at the end of the war.[1] In the 1920s the private papers of James Boswell were discovered in the castle, and sold to American collector Ralph H. Isham by Boswell's great-great-grandson Lord Talbot de Malahide. Malahide Castle and Demesne was eventually inherited by the 7th Baron Talbot and on his death in 1973, passed to his sister, Rose. In 1975, Rose sold the castle to the Irish State, partly to fund inheritance taxes. Many of the contents, notably furnishings, had been sold in advance, leading to considerable public controversy, but private and governmental parties were able to retrieve some. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malahide_CastleDigital photographsgravestones, malahide castle, ireland, cemetery, malahid castle; talbot; ireland; richard talbot; dublin

Generations of the Talbot family have called Malahide Castle home. They played significant roles in Irish political and social life. Set in 260 acres the castle is only 10 minutes from Dublin airport. https://www.malahidecastleandgardens.ie/ The estate began in 1185, when Richard Talbot, a knight who accompanied Henry II to Ireland in 1174, was granted the "lands and harbour of Malahide." The oldest parts of the castle date back to the 12th century and it was home to the Talbot family for 791 years, from 1185 until 1976, the only exception being the period from 1649–60, when Oliver Cromwell granted it to Miles Corbet after the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland; Corbet was hanged following the demise of Cromwell, and the castle was restored to the Talbots. The building was notably enlarged in the reign of Edward IV, and the towers added in 1765. The estate survived such losses as the Battle of the Boyne, when fourteen members of the owner's family sat down to breakfast in the Great Hall, and all were dead by evening, and the Penal Laws, even though the family remained Roman Catholic until 1774. In 1918 during the First World War a mooring-out base for airships was established in the grounds of the castle, used by airships from RNAS Anglesey in Wales which conducted anti-submarine operations in the Irish Sea. There were plans to base airships here from 1919, but these were abandoned at the end of the war.[1] In the 1920s the private papers of James Boswell were discovered in the castle, and sold to American collector Ralph H. Isham by Boswell's great-great-grandson Lord Talbot de Malahide. Malahide Castle and Demesne was eventually inherited by the 7th Baron Talbot and on his death in 1973, passed to his sister, Rose. In 1975, Rose sold the castle to the Irish State, partly to fund inheritance taxes. Many of the contents, notably furnishings, had been sold in advance, leading to considerable public controversy, but private and governmental parties were able to retrieve some. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malahide_Castle, TalbColour photograph of Malahide Castle, Ireland.malahide castle, ireland, talbot, richard talbot

The great mill mound is reported to be the burial ground of Amergin, and early Celtic poet. It was used as a fortified motte and bailey by the Normans during the 12th century. It later offered resistance to Cromwell in 1649. the present tower was built in 1808 but was damaged in 1922 during the Civil War in Ireland.drogheda, ireland

Photographs of three kookaburras that visited Mount Helen, Victoriakookaburra, laughing jackass, bird

Photographs of the Former Humffray Street Primary School taken from a distance. school, education, humffray street primary school

Colour photograph of St Alipius' and the Ballarat [East] Fire Brigade taken with a zoom lens from Armstrong Street South, Ballarat.ballarat fire brigade, ballarat east, st alipius' catholic church

world war one, annie maynard smith, ballaarat old cemetery, nurses, geoff howard, catherine king, garry snowden, trina jones, faye threlfell, world war one centenary, cemetery, gravestone

Colour photograph of a brick school in Queen Street, Ballarat.queen street state school ballarat, queen street primary school, education, load fence, school

The Bessiebelle Sheepwashes and Yards complex is located on the former 14,000 acre Ardonachie Run, established in 1848 by pastoralist Samuel Gorrie, then carrying 6,000 sheep. In 1864 this run was subdivided into smaller runs, and the sheep washes were located within Mount Eccles and Lake Gorrie Run. The date of construction of the washes and walls is not known, although they were probably constructed within the period 1848-1864. The Bessiebelle Sheepwashes and Yards are probably the largest and most sophisticated surviving example of a traditional pastoral property sheepwash in Victoria. They clearly demonstrate the large network of races, yards and folds necessary for washing thousands of sheep over a short period of time. The Bessiebelle sheep washes apparently predate later technological changes and the necessity for hot water washing. The Bessiebelle sheepwashes and yards are of landscape significance as a cultural landscape which has been both modified by, and cleverly adapted to, an annual process that was of critical importance within the pastoral calendar. The drystone walls and races appear to evolve from the rocky terrain, and have a strong organic affinity with the prevailing harsh landscape. The drystone walls demonstrate a high level of craftsmanship and skill in their construction, and reflect the extensive scale of pastoral operations across the landscape. The Bessiebelle sheepwashes and yards are of archaeological significance to the State of Victoria. The site has not been fully surveyed but its complexity strongly suggests a potential to reveal more about the washing processes and associated pastoral occupation and activity in the area.(Heritage Victoria)drystone, bessibell, sheep race, sheep wash, agriculture

Coffin stones were used to rest the coffins on before burial. These particular stones have been used for 100s of years.coffin stones, kiltullagh, galway, ireland

Kiltullagh cemetery has been well preserved. Names have been transcribed from graves inside and are on a plaque outside the cemetery.kiltullagh graveyard, kiltullagh cemetery, galway

graves, kiltullagh cemetery, galway, ireland, graveyard

Some Irish immigrants came from Galway, Ireland. Among them were Patrick Kennedy and Dennis Kinnane who emigrated as Bounty passengers on the Himalaya, arriving in the Port Phillip District in February 1842. Patrick Kennedy was the first person officially to be hanged in 1851 in the newly formed Colony of Victoria.houses, galway bay, ireland, dennis kinnane, patrick kennedy, hanging, colony of victoria, himalaya, port phillip district, kennedy, kinnane, 1842, galway

the burren, county clare, ballyvaughan, ireland

St Nichols' National School, Limerick, Ireland, is near the Adare Church, built on the grounds of good land beside a river where three groups of monks made their home during the Middle Ages. The Church was formerly the Black Friar's Abbey. The monastery was founded by John, Earl of Kildare, in 1315. The name of the old parish church was St Niholas where the school derived its name. On 2 June 1808 the local vestry meeting of the Church decided to abandon the old parish church of St Nicholas, the ruins of which are on the Estate, and the old Black Abbey was restores. The remains of the monasteries of all three orders of monks are in relatively good order still (considering their age) and two of them have been restores for worship. The first is the Trinitarian Abbey, otherwise known as the White Abbey, which is in the centre of the village of Adare. This was once the mother-house of a small influential order which had as its main object the ransoming and redeeming of Christian captives from the Moslems. The second is the ruin of the Franciscan Abbey in the demesne, beside the gold course. The third is the Augustinian Priory or the Black Friars' Abbey founded in 1315 by John, Earl of Kildare. Reference: Adare Church by The Right Reverend R. Wyse Jackson LITT.D., LL.D., D.D., Bishop of Limerick 1961-1970.st nicholas' national school, national school, education, schools, adare, ireland

The pub featured in the television series Ballykissangel.A hotel in Ireland.ballykissangel, pub, hotel, fitzgerald, avoca, ireland

Colour photographs of the Drummond War Memorial and Avenue of Honourdrummond war memorial, drummond avenue of honour, world war one, drummond

kyneton war memorial, kyneton, world war one, world war 1

Colour panoramic photographs of drystoen sheep yards at Bessiebelle, Victoria.bessiebell, drystone, sheep, sheep race, sheep wash, sheep yard, farm, agriculture

The Connor family emigrated from Barrovore Ford, Ireland, to Australia around the 1860s. Remnants of their house are still extant near the ford. barravore ford, county wicklow, ireland, creek

Australian History Association Conference Dinner at Craig's Hotel, Ballarat. australian history association conference, craig's royal hotel, craig's hotel, dinner

Photographs of a state of Sir Henry Bolte situated at the Gold Museum, Ballarat.henry bolte, statue, sculpture

A number of colour photographs of the Regent Theatre in Melbourne.regent theatre, melbourne, theatre

Robert Clark was the editor of the Ballarat Courier newspaper.Statue of Robert Clarke in the Ballarat Botanical Gardens.robert clark, statue, ballarat botanical gardens