An Army Medal 1939 - 1945, issued to Corporal Joan Cahill. During her service, Joan serviced in the Signals Branch of the Australian Women's Army Service.A army service medal featuring a silver pendant and a light blue, dark blue, white, and red striped ribbonFRONT: 1939 / 1945 BACK: G:BR:OMN:REX ET INDIAE IMP: GEORGIV S VIburke museum, beechworth, army service, australian women's army service, army medal, ww2, wwii, world war two

Depicted are a group of men standing in front of a wooden structure. The men wear attire appropriate to the 1920s. This photos is of the shows miners at the Homeward Bound Mine in Hillsborough. The Homeward Bound reef was discovered in 1865 and was worked continuously until 1880. This image is significant as it shows how Victorians worked during the gold rush era. A black and white rectangular photograph depicting 21 separate men, either standing or sitting around a wooden structure. Each man wears the typical attire for gold mining in the 1900s. A horse appears behind a man on the right side of the photograph.The background shows a wooden structure of a mine and the Australian gumtree 7855 /mining, group photo, burke museum, beechworth, photograph, hillsborough, mine, homeward bound mine

Photograph of 2 teams with hoses and reels in a race as part of a CFA competition. Fire brigade competitions have been running for almost 150 years with the first State Championship held in Melbourne in 1874. State Championships have continued every year since 1873. The event goes on regardless of weather conditions or natural disasters. The only cancellations being due to WWI and WWII. In the 1950s, the Rural State Championships were developed to reflect the unique skills of rural brigades. The competitions started out as 'Demonstrations' with the introduction of hose reels into the fire service in the mid 1800s. This was to assist in getting hose and other necessary equipment to the scene of a fire faster. Brigades soon find that competing with other brigades improved their training and efficiency. The State Championship became the peak of the season's competitions conducted by districts and associations across the state. Black and white rectangular photo reproduction printed on matte photographic paperemergency services, beechworth, fire brigade, firemen, photograph, competition, black and white, fire

Photograph of a group of 12 firemen some wearing firemen hats.Black and white rectangular photo reproduction printed on matte photographic paperObverse: 7610.2/ 7610.3/emergency services, burke museum, fire brigade, photograph, beechworth, black and white, firemen, competition

Taken in the mid 1900s, the photograph depicts seven unidentified male and female performers. They are all dressed in different theatrical costumes.The photograph provides insight into entertainment, performance and recreation in Beechworth during the 1950s. The item's interpretive capacity is enhanced by its strong relationship to other photographs in the catalogue. Collectively, these records enrich the community's understanding of how the arts have developed in Beechworth since the mid-twentieth century.Black and white rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper.Reverse: 5656 /1900s, beechworth, theatre, actor, actress, costume, entertainment, entertainment album

The photograph depicts a young child walking across a platform in front of a crowd of children and young adults.The photograph provides insight into entertainment, performance and recreation in Beechworth during the 1950s. The item's interpretive capacity is enhanced by its strong relationship to other photographs in the catalogue. Collectively, these records enrich the community's understanding of how the arts have developed in Beechworth since the mid-twentieth century.Black and white rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper.Reverse: 5663 / Faye Somat /entertainment album, entertainment, parade, theatre, theatrical group, arts, recreation, beechworth

The photograph depicts one young man and two young women. They are all dressed in casual clothing.The photograph provides insight into entertainment, performance and recreation in Beechworth during the 1950s. The item's interpretive capacity is enhanced by its strong relationship to other photographs in the catalogue. Collectively, these records enrich the community's understanding of how the arts have developed in Beechworth since the mid-twentieth century.Black and white rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper.Reverse: 5664 / t / O /entertainment, entertainment album, beechworth, 1950s, arts, recreation, theatrical group, theatre

Taken in the 1900s, the photograph on the postcard depicts a very large group of children posing outdoors. It is believed they were attending a concert party.Sepia rectangular postcard printed on card.Reverse: POST CARD / 7158 / PLACE / PENNY / STAMP / HERE / THIS SPACE MAY BE USED FOR CORRESPONDENCE, / FOR ADDRESS ONLY. /entertainment, entertainment album, concert party, children, arts, recreation, beechworth, 1900s

Taken in 1910, the photograph depicts a group of young, unidentified women attending a picnic in Bright; a town located in Victoria's high country.The photograph provides insight into the types of leisure activities enjoyed by residents living in Beechworth and surrounding towns. Its historical significance is strengthened by its production in 1910. Consequently, the record can be used as a resource to study the state of the natural environment in Bright at this time.Black and white rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper mounted on board.Obverse: "Ladies Bath" Falls / F. Foxcroft photo / Bright. / Reverse: 1997.2636 / Vera + Dorrie / Picnic at Bright area / 1910 / x / x /entertainment album, picnic, beechworth, bright, victoria, high country, 1900s, leisure

Taken between circa 1920 - 1950 this photograph depicts the open mine in the Three Mile Mine at Barramutha. The mine was an important gold resource and was typically mined using a method known as hydraulic sluicing whereby high powered water jets are used to dislodge rock or move sediment. The remaining water sediment slurry is directed through sluice boxes to remove the gold. The Beechworth mining district was one of six mining districts established by the governor-in-council on 4th of January 1858 under the provisions of An Act for Amending the Laws Relating to the Goldfields (21 Vic no. 32).This photograph shows cultural and research value into the historical methods of hydraulic sluicing in the Beechworth mining disctrict. It also shows the evolution of the mining methods and has potential for understanding future engineering endeavors in the context of victorian mine goldfields.Black and White rectangular photograph printed on matte photographic paper.Reverse: Copied from original on loan from Webb (QLD)/ Donated Nov 2009/ Barnawatha Three Mile Mine c1920-1950 Minehead & Slicing/ Managed by John Weir, Peter Jensen, Jack Cox/ Owned by/ the Plain Bros then Parkinsons/ John worked for Pqarkinsons. three mile creek, three mile goldfields, three mile beechworth, goldfields, #beechworth, hydraulic mining, hydraulic sluice, burke museum

Norman Thomas Henshaw operated a tailor's business in High Street, Wodonga for several years. He was born in Albury in 1891, the sone of WIlliam Henshaw and Ellen nee Goldsworthy. At various times, Norman operated a tailor business in Albury, Rutherglen, Beechworth and Wodonga. His business in High Street, Wodonga was advertised as being located opposite the Fire Brigade Hall. Mr. Henshaw died 10 September 1966 and his wife Agnes died on 30 July 1999, aged 107. They are buried in the Waugh Rd. cemetery in Albury, NSWThis item has local significance as it represents business which operated in Wodonga in the 1920s. It is also representative of a significant local family.A metal and enamel match box holder promoting Henshaw's Tailor in Wodonga. The back features a calendar for 1927. On Front: "With compliments from/ N. T. Henshaw/ Tailor/ High Street "/ Wodonga/ G. & G. A/SIA. LTD. On Back: 1927 Calendar On Side: "STRIKE" N. T. HENSHAW / TO BE SUITED"wodonga businesses, henshaw tailor, high st wodonga

Ski-Horizon is the official journal of the Federation of Victorian Ski Clubs which began publication in 1949. The were 26 original member clubs which included Albury Ski Club, Bogong Ski Club, Myrtleford Ski Club, Tallangatta and District Ski Club and Wangaratta Ski Club. Two pioneers of Falls Creek, Tom Mitchell, M.L.A., and Martin Romuld were Vice-Presidents of the Federation.This Journal is significant because it documents the early development of skiing in Victoria.The journal features stories and events chronicling developments in Victoria and internationally. Items related to the Falls Creek Area in this issue include:- Page 2:- Tonl St. Elmo (Nissen Alpine Club) had been appointed as a Justice of the Peace. Climatologists with the CSIRO reported that the mean daily temperature of summer in Victoria and NSW had fallen by 3°F since 1880 whilst in the Northern Hemisphere summers were becoming warmer. Page 5: There was to be no Queen's Birthday holiday this year but Tuesday 2nd June would be a public holiday for Coronation Day. Page 11: Featured "They're Busy in the North-East" - nothing has been heard of the Sydney Clubs which had proposed building at Falls Creek and Beechworth seems to be in danger of losing its site. Nissen Alpine Club has had plans for extension approved. A new rope was being installed for the Nissen tow. Falls Creek was undoubtedly the most progressive centre in the North East. For a slightly rougher experience Cleve Cole Memorial Lodge was recommended.tom mitchell m.l.a., toonallook, fred griffith

Franz Gördes (b.1843) who immigrated to Australia from Germany in 1871. After docking in Melbourne Franz headed for the goldfields at Spring Gully near Beechworth, but didn't strike gold. He returned to his trade and opened a boot shop in Wodonga, which burnt to the ground the day before the opening. Undeterred, he rebuilt and operated the business until his death on 8 June 1928. He was survived by his widow, Margaret as well as six sons and three daughters. Franz Gordes’ Boot & Shoe Warehouse was situated in Sydney Road, now High Street, Wodonga.This item has a well documented provenance and connection to the local history of Wodonga.A black and white photo which has also been digitised. Above shop: Cheap / Boot & Shoe Warehousebusinesses wodonga, franz gördes, geman migrants

This bottle was used as a form of advertising for the Wodonga Business of Samuel Mason. Samuel Mason was born at Bethnal Green, a suburb of London in 1824. He came to Australia via California, landing in Sydney in 1847. After a return to the California goldfields Samuel returned to Australia, arriving in Albury, NSW in 1855. He opened a bakery in Albury, and also commenced the manufacture of ginger beer for which he gained a reputation across Australia. Mr Mason continued in business in Albury for some time, but he established himself in Wodonga c1857, continuing a branch business in Albury. Twice a month in the early days Mr Mason walked to Beechworth for the purpose of transacting business. Occasionally he was summoned to attend the Beechworth courts as a juror. In 1901 Mr Mason retired from business, handing over the reins to his only son, Mr Samuel Mason Jr. who continued the aerated water business for some years. In about 1920 the business changed hands, being take over by E. Bartel. Samuel Mason Sr. died on 6 April 1908 and is buried in Wodonga. Mr. Mason Jr. was a prominent townsman. For some years he was a councillor of the Town Riding of the Wodonga Shire Council. He was also the first chairman of the Wodonga Water Trust in 1908. Samuel Mason Jr. moved to Melbourne in March 1920, primarily due to failing health. He died on 6 February 1929 and was interred in Melbourne.This bottle has strong local significance as it is representative of one of the earliest businesses established in Wodonga in the 1850s which operated until c1920. The business continued after 1920 under different ownership and names.2 earthenware pottery bottles manufactured by Bendigo Pottery and imprinted with the business brand of S. Mason, Wodonga. One bottle still contains a marble as part of the Codd sealing system to prevent gas from the ginger beer seeping out and the drink going flat. The bottles Within two elliptical circles are painted (in freehand) "S. MASON" in the top half and "WODONGA" in the bottom half. These are separated by an asterisk on both sides. A large "S" overlaid by a similarly large "M" is within the inner circle. 2nd bottle also includes "BREWED GINGER BEER" above the brand. At bottom of bottle 1 "PINNACLE BRAND" At bottom of bottle 2 in an oval shape: "THE BENDIGO POTTERY CO./ EPSOM/BENDIGO"s. mason wodonga, aerated drinks, bendigo pottery

The Satin Bowerbird is a medium-sized common bird found from Queensland to Victoria in rainforests and wet sclerophyll forest. During the summer, the diet consists mostly of fruit, with insects as a supplement. They're famous for their courtship behaviour and for decorating stick-structured nests with blue sparkling objects. With it's stunning glossy blue-black feathers, which evolve from green-brown in appearance, this Satin Bowerbird is more than seven years old, and therefore, not any younger as they are often mistaken for females, which are supposed to look like the green catbird. The eyes of this mature male are violet-blue, and the bill is pale bluish white. This specimen is part of a collection of almost 200 animal specimens that were originally acquired as skins from various institutions across Australia, including the Australian Museum in Sydney and the National Museum of Victoria (known as Museums Victoria since 1983), as well as individuals such as amateur anthropologist Reynell Eveleigh Johns between 1860-1880. These skins were then mounted by members of the Burke Museum Committee and put-on display in the formal space of the Museum’s original exhibition hall where they continue to be on display. This display of taxidermy mounts initially served to instruct visitors to the Burke Museum of the natural world around them, today it serves as an insight into the collecting habits of the 19th century.This specimen is part of a significant and rare taxidermy mount collection in the Burke Museum. This collection is scientifically and culturally important for reminding us of how science continues to shape our understanding of the modern world. They demonstrate a capacity to hold evidence of how Australia’s fauna history existed in the past and are potentially important for future environmental research. This collection continues to be on display in the Museum and has become a key part to interpreting the collecting habits of the 19th century.Satin Bowerbirds are medium-sized birds. The adult male has striking glossy blue-black plumage, a pale bluish white bill and a violet-blue iris.Swing tag: National Museum Victoria / Satin Bowerbird / Ptilonorhynchus Violaceus / B2027 / (Vieillot) / W. Shaw Collin. / Mount: PTILONORHYNCHUS / VIOLACEUS / SATIN BOWERBIRD / taxidermy mount, taxidermy, animalia, burke museum, beechworth, australian museum, skin, reynell eveleigh johns, bird

The Nankeen Kestrel, a small type of falcon, can be found all over Australia, usually in grassland or farmland areas. This falcon is carnivorous and hunts all manner of small prey including mice, lizards, insects, and other birds. When hunting, Nankeen Kestrels can be seen hovering in the air searching for prey. Nankeen Kestrels are generally monogamous, staying with the same breeding partner for multiple seasons. The Nankeen Kestrel is known for its reddish-brown feathers, spotted with a distinctive black pattern on its back, and have black-tipped wings and tail band, a stark contrast to its white chest. Females tend to be larger, and males will have a grey head and neck area. This specimen is part of a collection of almost 200 animal specimens that were originally acquired as skins from various institutions across Australia, including the Australian Museum in Sydney and the National Museum of Victoria (known as Museums Victoria since 1983), as well as individuals such as amateur anthropologist Reynell Eveleigh Johns between 1860-1880. These skins were then mounted by members of the Burke Museum Committee and put-on display in the formal space of the Museum’s original exhibition hall where they continue to be on display. This display of taxidermy mounts initially served to instruct visitors to the Burke Museum of the natural world around them, today it serves as an insight into the collecting habits of the 19th century.This specimen is part of a significant and rare taxidermy mount collection in the Burke Museum. This collection is scientifically and culturally important for reminding us of how science continues to shape our understanding of the modern world. They demonstrate a capacity to hold evidence of how Australia’s fauna history existed in the past and are potentially important for future environmental research. This collection continues to be on display in the Museum and has become a key part to interpreting the collecting habits of the 19th century.This female Nankeen Kestrel is relatively small and slender. It is mostly reddish-brown, streaked with darker coloured areas. The tips of the wings and tail feathers are tipped in black. The chest is white with streaks of reddish-brown. The areas around its eyes, beak, and feet are a bright yellow. This specimen stands upon a wooden platform and has an identification tag tied around its leg.Swing-tag: 19. / Unnamed / Catalogue page, 5 /taxidermy mount, taxidermy, animalia, burke museum, beechworth, australian museum, skin, nankeen kestrel, falcon

Anna Robbins (pictured here) was the manager of the Burke Museum in the early 2000s, starting in around 2003 and leaving her position in July 2007. This photograph is significant because it depicts a prominent staff member of the museum, most likely at an important event.A black and white circular photograph printed on rectangular paper.Top right text: 7306 Bottom left text: Anna Robins.museum, burke museum, beechworth, museum staff, manager, photos, nametag, anna, robbins

This particular specimen was found in the Moorabool Slate quarries in Victoria. The Moorabool Slate quarries was established in the 1860’s by a company of Welshmen with a crew of six who purchased land by the riverside to mine for slate. Under the promise of adding to existing recourses the crew mined the slate which was used for paving and roofing. Slate is a fine-grained, low-grade metamorphic rock that is formed by the transformation of mudstone, shale or sometimes volcanic ash under low pressure and temperatures. It dark colour is due to carbonaceous material or to finely divided iron sulphide. It is believed that Evan Rowlands and Theophilus Williams of Ballarat were the first to discover the slate veins. Slate is a one of the most common natural stones in general use. Being used as paving, flooring, roofing and more. However, its history of being mined in Australia is not common as it is considered that the best places to mine slate is Spain and parts of the United Kingdom. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A somewhat rectangular foliated metamorphic rock composed of quartz, sericite and minerals from the chlorite group that make up the compounds of slate. The rock is dark grey almost black.Geological survey / R S / Loc Moorabool /Slate quarries / 1/4 sheet | 78 | Roofing Slate /burke museum, beechworth, geological, slate, metamorphic, slate (metamorphic), geological specimen, slate specimen, indigo shire

This specimen was recovered from Adelong, NSW. The initial discovery of gold at Adelong by a Mr Williams took place in 1857. Much of the area is underlain by granitic rocks, while at Adelong itself a prominent norite intrusive body occurs. To the west of Adelong is a belt of intermediate to mafic igneous rocks and sediments which extends from Batlow in the south to at least as far north as the Snowy Mountains Highway. Around 26 tonnes of gold was found at the Adelong goldfield from its discovery in the 1850s until the last miners left in the 1940s. Pyrite has the formula of FeS2 and forms as an isometric (cube) form. It is a common occurring material and is often mistaken for gold, now colloquially known as ‘fool’s gold’. Pyrite that has strongly crystallised is considered stable, but the mineral has the potential to oxidise and decay. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.Pyrite is iron sulphide (also known as “fool's gold”) which is commonly found in slates.Existing Label: 104 /burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, mineralogy, pyrite, adelong

Galena occurs in a range of deposit contexts, often in metalliferous veins, such as Broken Hill, Australia; Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, United States.; Clausthal Zellerfeld, Germany; and Cornwall, England. Large deposits also replace limestone, dolomite, or occasionally organic matter, or have a contact-metamorphic origin. Galena is additionally found in cavities, brecciated (fractured) zones in limestone and chert, and in coal beds. This specimen was recovered from Broken Hill NSW and is 60% lead with 8-12 oz/silver to the ton.Galena or 'lead glance' is a grey lead sulfide and the chief ore mineral of lead. It forms isometric crystals in which the ionic lattice is similar to sodium chloride. Galena is brittle and easily weathers to secondary lead minerals, with the upper part of mineral deposits often containing cerussite, anglesite, and pyromorphite. It usually contains silver, which is mined along with its lead content. Other commercially important minerals that form in close association with galena are antimony, copper, and zinc. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A small-sized solid specimen containing one mineral with a sparkly silver metallic lustre exterior and pastel-grey interior.geological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, galena, lead sulphide, alfred selwyn, broken hill

It is not known where this opal originated. Common Opal is formed from silica-rich water entering the earths crust and hardening into a gel of water and silica-spheres, layered through the specimen. Common opal differs from precious opal in colouration and appearance, with precious opal including more colours, and having a translucent or glossy appearance, where common opal shows less colour and is typically opaque. It scores high on the Mohs hardness scale, and is common throughout the world, especially in Australia, where it is far more prevalent than the highly-prized precious opal. Australia is also the highest producer of opals in the modern world. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid, silica-based mineral specimen of Common Opal in shades of grey, green, and yellow, with a thick grey vein running through the centre. geological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, opal, common opal, gemstone, mining

This hat was worn by Joan Cahill during her service in the AWAS, where she served in the Signals Branch and rose to the rank of Corporal. The AWAS was formed in 1941, and its main objective was to support the Australian army in various ways. Over 24,000 women served in the AWAS, performing critical support roles such as clerical work, vehicle maintenance, and communications. The Signals Branch, which Joan Cahill served in, was responsible for providing reliable and secure communication services between the Australian army and Allied forces.Khaki women's army hat with grosgrain band wrapped around the circumference with a small metal rising sun attached.burke museum, beechworth, army service, army uniform, joan cahill, australian women's army service, ww2, wwii, world war two

Aerial photograph of a battle field in France during World War OneBlack and white rectangular photograph printed on photographic paperObverse: Railway / British Line (in pen) / Reverse: Villers Brut /military album, burke museum, beechworth, beechworth museum, world war one, wwi, trenches, aerial photo, aerial photo trenches

Aerial photograph of a battle field in France during World War OneBlack and white rectangular photograph printed on photographic paperReverse: 6534 / Australian Official Photographs, No. E1253 /military album, burke museum, beechworth, beechworth museum, world war war, wwi, trenches, aerial photo, battlefield

Quolls are small carnivorous marsupials native to Australia and New Guinea. Tjilpa is the name given to the quoll amongst the Northern Arrernte language group of Australian Aboriginal people. Quolls are primarily nocturnal and spend most of the day in a den. Of the six species of quoll, four are found in Australia and two in New Guinea. The six species vary in weight and size, from 300g to 7kg. They live in coastal heathlands, sub-alpine woodlands, temperate woodlands and forests, riparian forests and wet sclerophyll forests. This specimen is part of a collection of almost 200 animal specimens that were originally acquired as skins from either the Trustees of the Australian Museum or from the amateur anthropologist Reynell Eveleigh Johns between 1860-1880 and mounted by members of the Burke Museum Committee around the same time. When all taxidermy mounts were completed, they were quickly put-on display in the formal space of the Museum’s original exhibition hall where they continue to be on display. This display of taxidermy mounts initially served to instruct visitors to the Burke Museum of the natural world around them, today it serves as an insight into the collecting habits of the 19th century. This specimen is part of a significant and rare taxidermy mount collection in the Burke Museum. This collection is scientifically and culturally important for reminding us of how science continues to shape our understanding of the modern world. They demonstrate a capacity to hold evidence of how Australia’s fauna history existed in the past and are potentially important for future environmental research. This collection continues to be on display in the Museum and has become a key part to interpreting the collecting habits of the 19th century.Small quoll with a small round head, long body, and long, thin tail perched on a branch attached to a wooden mount. The quoll has four skinny legs which have long, dark claws. The quoll's hair is a fawn colour with cream spots. There are two black eyes made of glass, two short pointed ears and black whiskers.On wooden mount: BMM5897 /taxidermy, quoll, animal, australia, burke museum, beechworth, reynell eveleigh johns, taxidermy mount, marsupial

A black and white photograph depicting seven men and four women surrounded by tunnel boring machinery. A tunnel boring machine (TBM), also known as a "mole", is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata. They may also be used for microtunneling. They can be designed to bore through anything from hard rock to sand. Tunnel boring machines are used as an alternative to drilling and blasting (D&B) methods in rock and conventional "hand mining" in soil. TBMs have the advantages of limiting the disturbance to the surrounding ground and producing a smooth tunnel wall. This significantly reduces the cost of lining the tunnel, and makes them suitable to use in heavily urbanised areas. The major disadvantage is the upfront cost. TBMs are expensive to construct, and can be difficult to transport. The longer the tunnel, the less the relative cost of tunnel boring machines versus drill and blast methods. This is because tunneling with TBMs is much more efficient and results in shortened completion times, assuming they operate successfully. Drilling and blasting however remains the preferred method when working through heavily fractured and sheared rock layers.This photograph is significant as it shows the machinery used and attire worn by men and women during the gold rush era. Black and white rectangular photograph printed on photographic paperburke museum, mining, beechworth, boring machinery, excavate, gold, gold fields, gold rush, miners

The Squirrel is a small to medium sized member of the rodent family Sciuridae. They are commonly located in America, Eurasia and Africa. The Squirrel was introduced to Australia by humans. Interestingly, the tail of the Squirrel serves the purpose of keeping the rain, wind or cold off the body of the animal, to help it cool off in hot weather, to counterbalance when moving and can be utilized as a parachute when jumping from one location to the next. Squirrels consume foods that are rich in protein, carbohydrates and fats. They eat nuts, seeds. fruits and vegetation. This specimen is part of a collection of almost 200 animal specimens that were originally acquired as skins from various institutions across Australia, including the Australian Museum and the National Museum of Victoria, as well as individuals such amateur anthropologist Reynell Eveleigh Johns between 1860-1880. These skins were then mounted by members of the Burke Museum Committee and put-on display in the formal space of the Museum’s original exhibition hall where they continue to be on display. This display of taxidermy mounts initially served to instruct visitors to the Burke Museum of the natural world around them, today it serves as an insight into the collecting habits of the 19th century.This specimen is part of a significant and rare taxidermy mount collection in the Burke Museum. This collection is scientifically and culturally important for reminding us of how science continues to shape our understanding of the modern world. They demonstrate a capacity to hold evidence of how Australia’s fauna history existed in the past and are potentially important for future environmental research. This collection continues to be on display in the Museum and has become a key part to interpreting the collecting habits of the 19th century.Grey Squirrel standing on a wooden platform. The small sized specimen holds a pinecone between its hands and has a paper identification tag tied to one of its arms. It has grey/ash coloured fur with a pale belly and dark coloured glass eyes. It has a long and bushy tail that stands along its back in an arched shape. It has tiny hands and feet.40. ash-coloured / Squirrel / Catalogue, Page, 49. / A.4484 / BMM 75 32 /taxidermy mount, taxidermy, animalia, burke museum, beechworth, australian museum, skin, reynell eveleigh johns, squirrel

The Squirrel is a small to medium sized member of the rodent family Sciuridae. They are commonly located in America, Eurasia and Africa. The Squirrel was introduced to Australia by humans. Interestingly, the tail of the Squirrel serves the purpose of keeping the rain, wind or cold off the body of the animal, to help it cool off in hot weather, to counterbalance when moving and can be utilized as a parachute when jumping from one location to the next. Squirrels consume foods that are rich in protein, carbohydrates and fats. They eat nuts, seeds. fruits and vegetation. This specimen is part of a collection of almost 200 animal specimens that were originally acquired as skins from various institutions across Australia, including the Australian Museum and the National Museum of Victoria, as well as individuals such amateur anthropologist Reynell Eveleigh Johns between 1860-1880. These skins were then mounted by members of the Burke Museum Committee and put-on display in the formal space of the Museum’s original exhibition hall where they continue to be on display. This display of taxidermy mounts initially served to instruct visitors to the Burke Museum of the natural world around them, today it serves as an insight into the collecting habits of the 19th century.This specimen is part of a significant and rare taxidermy mount collection in the Burke Museum. This collection is scientifically and culturally important for reminding us of how science continues to shape our understanding of the modern world. They demonstrate a capacity to hold evidence of how Australia’s fauna history existed in the past and are potentially important for future environmental research. This collection continues to be on display in the Museum and has become a key part to interpreting the collecting habits of the 19th century.Grey Squirrel standing on a wooden platform. The small sized specimen holds an acorn between its hands and has a paper identification tag tied to one of its arms. Small acorns are arranged around the specimen's feet. It has orange coloured fur with a pale belly and dark coloured glass eyes. It has a long and bushy tail that stands along its back in an arched shape. It has tiny hands and feet.42. Common Squirrel / Catalogue, page, 50 / A.4487 /taxidermy mount, taxidermy, animalia, burke museum, beechworth, australian museum, skin, reynell eveleigh johns, squirrel

The Grey Squirrel is a small to medium sized member of the rodent family Sciuridae. This species is commonly located in England, Wales and central Scotland. They are known for their agility and ability to climb trees. Interestingly, the tail of the Squirrel serves the purpose of keeping the rain, wind or cold off the body of the animal, to help it cool off in hot weather, to counterbalance when moving and can be utilized as a parachute when jumping from one location to the next. Squirrels consume foods that are rich in protein, carbohydrates and fats. They eat nuts, seeds. fruits and vegetation. This specimen is part of a collection of almost 200 animal specimens that were originally acquired as skins from various institutions across Australia, including the Australian Museum and the National Museum of Victoria, as well as individuals such amateur anthropologist Reynell Eveleigh Johns between 1860-1880. These skins were then mounted by members of the Burke Museum Committee and put-on display in the formal space of the Museum’s original exhibition hall where they continue to be on display. This display of taxidermy mounts initially served to instruct visitors to the Burke Museum of the natural world around them, today it serves as an insight into the collecting habits of the 19th century.This specimen is part of a significant and rare taxidermy mount collection in the Burke Museum. This collection is scientifically and culturally important for reminding us of how science continues to shape our understanding of the modern world. They demonstrate a capacity to hold evidence of how Australia’s fauna history existed in the past and are potentially important for future environmental research. This collection continues to be on display in the Museum and has become a key part to interpreting the collecting habits of the 19th century.This specimen has silver-grey fur with a brown colouring located on the face and a pale underside. The tale stands tall along the back of the specimen and is bushy. The specimen is of a smaller size and has no tuffs on its ears. It stands on a wooden platform and has two paper tags tied to its hands.Grey Squirrel / BMM 7534 / A.4485/ 41. Squirrel Sp / Catalogue Page, 49 /taxidermy mount, taxidermy, animalia, burke museum, beechworth, australian museum, skin, reynell eveleigh johns, squirrel

The Squirrel is a small to medium sized member of the rodent family Sciuridae. They are commonly located in America, Eurasia and Africa. The Squirrel was introduced to Australia by humans. Interestingly, the tail of the Squirrel serves the purpose of keeping the rain, wind or cold off the body of the animal, to help it cool off in hot weather, to counterbalance when moving and can be utilized as a parachute when jumping from one location to the next. Squirrels consume foods that are rich in protein, carbohydrates and fats. They eat nuts, seeds. fruits and vegetation. This specimen is part of a collection of almost 200 animal specimens that were originally acquired as skins from various institutions across Australia, including the Australian Museum and the National Museum of Victoria, as well as individuals such amateur anthropologist Reynell Eveleigh Johns between 1860-1880. These skins were then mounted by members of the Burke Museum Committee and put-on display in the formal space of the Museum’s original exhibition hall where they continue to be on display. This display of taxidermy mounts initially served to instruct visitors to the Burke Museum of the natural world around them, today it serves as an insight into the collecting habits of the 19th century.This specimen is part of a significant and rare taxidermy mount collection in the Burke Museum. This collection is scientifically and culturally important for reminding us of how science continues to shape our understanding of the modern world. They demonstrate a capacity to hold evidence of how Australia’s fauna history existed in the past and are potentially important for future environmental research. This collection continues to be on display in the Museum and has become a key part to interpreting the collecting habits of the 19th century.The Carolina Squirrel specimen has dark coloured fur with paler colouring on the face and hands. It grasps a nut between its hands and stands on a wooden platform. A paper tag hangs from the right arm with a smaller tag attached to the left. The squirrel has dark black glass eyes and sharp claws on the hands and feet. A.4481 BMM7535 35. Carolina Squirrel / Catalogue, Page, 49 /taxidermy mount, taxidermy, animalia, burke museum, beechworth, australian museum, skin, reynell eveleigh johns, squirrel