The carronade was designed as a short-range naval weapon with a low muzzle velocity for merchant ships, but it also found a niche role on warships. It was produced by the Carron Iron Works and was at first sold as a complete system with the gun, mounting, and shot altogether. Carronades initially became popular on British merchant ships during the American Revolutionary War. A lightweight gun that needed only a small gun crew and was devastating at short range was well suited to defending merchant ships against French and American privateers. The invention of the cannon is variously attributed to Lieutenant General Robert Melville in 1759, or to Charles Gascoigne, manager of the Carron Company from 1769 to 1779. In its early years, the weapon was sometimes called a "mellvinade" or a "gasconade". The carronade can be seen as the culmination of a development of naval guns reducing the barrel length and thereby the gunpowder charge. The Carron Company was already selling a "new light-constructed" gun, two-thirds of the weight of the standard naval gun and charged with one-sixth of the weight of the ball in powder before it introduced the carronade, which further halved the gunpowder charge. The theory of its design was to use less powder and had other advantages that were advertised in the company's sales pamphlet of the time, state. The smaller gunpowder charge reduced the barrel heating in action, also reduced the recoil. The mounting, attached to the side of the ship on a pivot, took the recoil on a slider, without altering the alignment of the gun. The pamphlet advocated the use of woollen cartridges, which eliminated the need for wadding and worming, although they were more expensive. Carronades also simplified gunnery for comparatively untrained merchant seamen in both aiming and reloading that was part of the rationale for adopting the gun. Other advantages promoted by the company were. The replacement of trunnions by a bolt underneath, to connect the gun to the mounting, reduced the width of the carriage that enhanced the wide angle of fire. A merchant ship would almost always be running away from an enemy, so a wide-angle of fire was much more important than on a warship. A carronade weighed a quarter as much as a standard cannon and used a quarter to a third of the gunpowder charge. This reduced charge allowed Carronades to have a shorter length and much lighter weight than long guns. Increasing the size of the bore and ball reduces the required length of the barrel. The force acting on the ball is proportional to the square of the diameter, while the mass of the ball rises by the cube, so acceleration is slower; thus, the barrel can be shorter and therefore lighter. Long guns were also much heavier than Carronades because they were over-specified to be capable of being double-shotted, (to load cannons with twice the shot, for increased damage at the expense of range), whereas it was dangerous to do this in a carronade. A ship could carry more carronades, or carronades of a larger calibre, than long guns, and carronades could be mounted on the upper decks, where heavy long guns could cause the ship to be top-heavy and unstable. Carronades also required a smaller gun crew, which was very important for merchant ships, and they were faster to reload. The small bore carronade and carriage is part of a collection of nineteenth Century Flagstaff Hill Guns and Cannon, which is classified as being of significance and was made a few years after the beginning of Queen Victoria's reign in 1837 and fires a 6 lb pound cannon ball. This nineteenth century artillery piece is a rare and representative item of artillery of this era, used predominately on ships, both military and merchant. The artillery piece, individually and as part of the collection, is highly significant for its historical, scientific and aesthetic reasons at the state, national and world level. This carronade represents the methods of artillery technology, its advancement and its modifications to suit dangerous situations that sailors encountered from attacks from free booters (pirates, living from plunder) or others at the time. Carronade firing a 6 lb cast iron ball, with a smooth bore barrel 6.5 cm in dia the item is mounted on stepped wooden carriage with wooden wheels. Cannon barrel can have its elevation adjusted via a wooden wedge. Gun carriage has loops for locating and holding in position to a deck by ropes. Carriage is a replica made 1982Cast into the barrel is the royal emblem of Queen Victoria (VR "Victoria Regina") indicating the carronade was cast during Queen Victoria's reign / 1840 & 4-2-0 denoting the weight of the barrel. Right hand trunnion has a serial number “8708”. Also on top of the barrel is the British "Board of Ordinance" identifying mark a broad arrow indicating the carronade was in military use. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, colonial defences, victoria’s coastal defences, warrnambool fortification, warrnambool garrison battery, warrnambool volunteer corps, ordinance, armaments, garrison gun, smooth bore cannon, carronade, black powder, 12 pounder, 1840, artillery, lieutenant general robert melville, charles gascoigne, carron company, mellvinade, gasconade

Souvenir place card from City of Bendigo Centenary Ball 1951. White card with red, yellow and blue City emblem on the left. Centenary Ball 1951, printed in blue. Souvenir printed in red. At the bottom is a blue and yellow band. Top of card is shaped.entertainment, dance, bendigo centenary ball, document, city of bendigo centenary ball 1951 souvenir

Montmorillonite is a type of clay composed of aluminium silicate that forms very small particles that are not well-bonded to one another. This is why it is so soft. When in the presence of water, all types of clay swell. Montmorillonite swells even more than most types of clay, which is why it is often chosen over other types of clay in its practical uses. Montmorillonite has many different practical uses, including in the mining industry, as a soil additive, as a sealant, as a desiccant to draw water out of the air, to clean ponds, to make kitty litter and in cosmetics. Montmorillonite is a common mineral and, despite being named after Montmorillon, France, can be found all over the world, including many deposits in Australia. It is not known where this particular specimen originates from. Montmorillonite is an economically and socially significant material with a wide variety of uses. Having samples of common and important minerals allows collections, like the Burke Museum, to have a more complete view of the land on which they are located, and therefore a more complete view of heritage. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid tennis-ball sized chunk of aluminium silicate clay. It is primarily white, accented with orange and brown.burke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen, clay, montmorillonite

Small sepia photo depicting 11 members of a soccer team (likely to be seamen) with a soccer ball on a pitch.football, sports, soccer, crews and ships, fan album

A glass prism of equilateral triangular shape mounted by a ball-joint to a vertical brass stand and brass base. scientific instrument, prism, optics

During the era of the Victorian Football League (VFL) the home team wore white shorts, and the away team wore black shorts. The team in the white shorts are probably South Melbourne Football Club, and the team in the black shorts are probably Melbourne Football Club. Six Australian Rules (formerly Victorian Football League) footballers ruck the ball towards their team members. australian rules football, football, victorian football league, vfl, afl

Informal 12 hole golf event, played on Grand Final weekend. This event was started by a group of friends when there were few official golf tournaments played at Peterborough. The event was a stroke event with "mystery handicaps" ie you didn't know your handicap until you finished playing. The event was played on the Sunday of Grand Final weekend (except initially); Friday night traditionally was tea at Boggy Creek Pub and a Fishing Comp on Saturday. The name came about because three of the regular players, Ivan Voss, Bob Loader and R. McKendrick had a hut at the top of the dunes near Crofts Bay. They had a clinker boat on the beach as well. They subsequently built a house in Childers St. It ceased when the original participants were no longer able to play. The date of the first winner is 1980, last recorded winner is 1995. No longer played. further information required. Winners: 2nd August 1980 F. Virgona, 8th March 1981, R Case 25th September 1982, E Brierly 24th September 1983, R Mckendrick, 28th September 1984 D Stead, 28th September 1985 I Turnbull, 27th September 1986 J Charles, 26th September 1987 I Voss, 1988 no winner, 1989 F Carlin, 1990 B Turner, 1991 R Pollock, 1992 S McGuire 25th September 1993 B haskett 1st of october 1994 R pollock 30th of september 1995.Shortened golf driver and cracked ball mounted upon a wooden base with names engraved on metal surround.Engraved names, listed below, on metal plate affixed to the base.golf, peterborough golf club, golf tournment

Colour Photograph 4 Four Footballers contesting the Ball. 3 In Blue Jumpers 1 in red jumper

Black laminated card with a coloured photo of Darren Scoble and Dean Spencely in the pool with a water polo ball.education, primary, golden square laurel st p.s., golden square primary school 1189 collection - newspaper cuttings, darren scoble, dean spencely, bill hawking

Bendigo Historical Society - Gala Costume Ball - Friday, 23rd July to be held at the City Hall, BendigoCambridge Press, Bendigo

A silver hat pin featuring a tennis racquet and ball in silver at one end. Materials: Silver/Metaltennis

A printed image of a lady in white, blue, and red clothing, serving a tennis ball. Materials: Paper, Inktennis

Brooch in shape of a racquet, ball and a hat decorated with blue flowers. No stamps/marks. Materials: Metal, Enameltennis

Brooch in shape of a racquet and ball. Studded with faux diamonds (clear stones or glass). Materials: Metal, Glasstennis

Gold brooch in shape of a racquet and ball. On reverse is stamped :'ROLLED GOLD/GK' Materials: Gold/Metaltennis

The yarn was made in Geelong in the late 1980's or early 1990's by local woolen manufacturer J.L. McGregor Pty Ltd. The company closed in the early 1990s. The McGregor family still live in the Geelong area.A ball of grey yarn, 50% wool and 50% acrylic with a plastic label surrounding the wool with the product details.On Label: McGregors 50 Grams at standard condition 50% Wool 50% Flame resistant Acrylic Below Logo: Wool and Nu Acrylicwool, j.l. mcgregor pty ltd, yarn, geelong wool, geelong, geelong woollen mills

Donald Clark Collection.Notice for the 12th Annual Tarnagulla Firemen's Ball, held at Tarnagulla Hall on Friday October 24, 1969.fire brigade, tufb

BLACK & WHITE PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN ASSEMBLY HALL AT CLUNES TOWN HALL AT JAMES ESMOND FESTVAL BALLNOEL KLEINE MRS.KLEINE GREAT GRANDSON OF JAMES ESMONDlocal history, photography, photographs, events and celebrations, james esmond festival ball

BLACK & WHITE PHOTOGRAPH OF JIM SHORT MP AND MRS. JAN SHORT AT JAMES ESMOND FESTIVAL BALLlocal history, photography, photographs, events and celebrations, james esmond ball

Instructions on back of proof with details for hand colouring an enlarged print.Black and white photograph of flower girl Dianne Wells dressed for Deb Ball Lakes Entrance Victoriapeople, celebration

On the front cover of this programme is a picture of a woman and the word 'Programme.' Underneath this are the words 'German Mask Ball.' On the inside cover is written ' German Mask Ball, Masonic Hall, Bendigo. Tuesday, August, 6, 1901. On the opposite page is the programme which consists of a list of the dances and the names of booked partners. Brockley, Printer. Attached to the card is a yellow ribbon. Enclosed is a grey envelope addressed to ' Bendigo Historical Society Programme German Mask BallVarious names pencilled in for each dance. Also written, 'A souvenir of one of the happiest nights of my existence,' in pencil on back coverclubs and associations, sport, german, lydia chancellor, collection, entertainment, clubs and associations, organization, dancing, clubs, program, programme

BHS CollectionThree tickets. One blue for Axedale Annual Hall Ball. Wednesday September 21st, 1960. Belle of ball ("advertiser" sash and trophy), Ballerina, McCausland's orchestra, excellent supper. J.C. Doak-President, E.J. O'Dwyer and R. Byrne- joint secs. Gent's 8/. Two pink. Axedale progress annual ball Friday 23rd May 1962. Lady's ticket 8/. S. Hatchett-President, J. McKay-Secretary.The back of all three tickets is covered in numbers and names, some in pen and some in pencil.axedale, annual ball

Gordon Hall was the first public building in Buchan. European settlement first entered the area in October 1838 and Buchan station was established in January 1839. Free selection after 1868, and a township was proclaimed in 1873 taking its name from the station. The Grand ball was held on race night, Monday 28th December 1896 in the Gordon Hall at Buchan. From the estate of Elsie Cooke. Elsie Cooke was a librarian in Orbost for many years. She was the daughter of John Cooke early Brodribb settler. Elsie Cooke lived all her life in Gippsland,. She was born at Brodribb in 1895 and died in 1970, Elsie Cooke lived at Bruthen for a short time and, in 1937, moved to live with her aunt, Miss Jean Munro. Miss Cooke was Librarian at the Mechanics Institute for many years. Kindness and consideration for other were Miss Cooke’s attributes and she endeared herself to all who knew her. She was a loyal member of the Presbyterian Church and a stalwart of the Ladies’ Guild, an energetic worker for the Municipal Auxiliary and a member of the Red Cross. (ref. Mary Gilbert)This item reflects the recreational / social activities of a remote rural community. A public event such as a grand ball would have been a significant event on the calendar.Small, cream-coloured rectangular card with rounded edges and blank ink. Evidence of pin holes in each four corners and folds/signs of wear. Card is foxing and has small vertical tear in lower left quadrant.+ GORDON x HALL, x BUCHAN. + / Race Night! - Race Night! / A GRAND BALL / Will be held in the Gordon Hall, Buchan, on / Monday, : 28th : December, : 1896. / ADMISSION : / +- SINGLE, THREE SHILLINGS -+grand ball, 1896, gordon hall, buchan, elsie cooke

Remember Them, A Guide to Victoria's Wartime Heritage. From front flap: Behind each of the thousands of war memorials in Victoria is a story of courage and sacrifice, of devotion to duty, and of a family's terrible loss. Hard cover, red plastic over cardboard, white print on spine. Dust cover silver, gold & black print on front, spine & back. Coloured image of a sculpture of two soldiers on front. End papers are red. 307 pages, cut plain, white. Illustrated colour photos & illustrations.Handwritten in black ink on front fly leaf: "Peter Ball", "RSL Stamp"book, heritage, wartime, victoria

Colour photograph, printed on a postcard back format of Ballarat No. 18, showing "special" and No. 21 turning from Sturt St into Lydiard St. Nth. Has Post Office, Commonwealth bank in the background. No. 21 has an auxiliary board advertising a Fete - see also Reg. Item 2020 and 3192 for 18 with the same sign.On the rear in pencil "Ball 18 & 21 / Ron Scholten Collection for BTM archives".trams, tramways, post office, sturt st, lydiard st nth, tram 671