Historically this school writing slate pre-dates paper and electronic writing pads. This was used for non permanent written communication within or outside the classroom. It use was mainly as a quick temporary method and could be easily erased by cloth or fingers. As it could be used repeatedly without additional cost and was therefore a very cheap method of teaching and learning outdoors as well as indoors. This was especially relevant to country schools and outdoor excursions. It was fairly robust but could shatter if allowed to fall on the ground.This item evolved from a form of communication, that of primitive engravings on stone. This tablet was a refined writing/drawing pad that did not require any electronic/battery power input. This writing slate was so useful in an era where relative isolation (Kiewa Valley Schools) from electronic and cheap writing pads was the reality and the norm. This was a time when the hand writing and hand drawing was a basic form of non spoken communication. Students used this slate pad to reinforce their skills which would come in handy when they needed to produce temporary notices on slate information boards, e.g. rail/bus-time/route alterations.Writing slate used for Primary School classes. Wooden frame. Has hole in frame and string threaded through to allow it to be hung on a hook or nail.slate pads, chalk boards, school learning utensils

This item relates to methods of reproducing photos on all forms of material in an era of physical offset printing.The offset method is being replaced by digital transfer direct to the final product,(paper or other porous and non porous surfaces). Newspapers and other "paper" information publications are still producing "hard copies" but these are slowly being phased out. This item was used Circa 1920s in the peek period of paper based media. From the 1940s radio and then television stepped into the mass media revolution.This book was produced when all printing, Government and private enterprise, was using the "off set" method. This method was used to a great degree in all schools within the Kiewa Valley. It was in an era before "photo-copying machines" were available. This was a period when printing inks for larger printing machines had to be purchased from specialised outlets and printing presses required to be washed after each "run" of printing before the next plate(aluminium) could be fastened onto the "off sett" machinery. Heat infusion now used in large machines and domestic printers has superseded this task. Faded green cloth covered book with green papered front and back sleeve pages.Photos and sketches are throughout the book. Gloss paper used from page 1 one to page 400. Pages 401 to page 432 are not gloss paper. The type of paper varies throughout the book until final advertisement and index pages, from page 833 to page 846, are on gloss paperThe spine cover is badly worn and wording is faded. Front cover has"Commercial Engraving And Printing" Author and publisher details written by Charles W. Hackleman. Published by Commercial Engraving Publishing Company, "A Manual of Practical Instruction and Reference Covering" Commercial Illustrating and Printing by all Processes.technical book, reference for engraving and printing

White Porcelain “Made in Occupied Japan” electrical insulators. Insulators can be dated from September 1945 to April 1952 during the allied occupation of post WWII Japan. Pin insulators were manufactured specifically for Australian export. Pin insulators are made of non-conductive porcelain and were used to create a barrier between outer wrapped suspended wiring and threaded wood or metal dowel. Pin insulators such these have been found on utility poles around Australia.Porcelain insulators stamped with “Made in Occupied Japan” are often viewed with much interest by collectors given their connection to WWII and short seven year manufacturing time span. Pin insulators such as these are an example of Australia’s continued electronic development which began in the late 19th century. Collection of seven white porcelain insulators made in Occupied Japan. Insulators are cylindrical in shape, with indentation at top. The indentation creates a flat mushroom top head. Insulators display a manufacturer stamp at the bottom of the cylinder. Insulators are single walled and hollow inside with threading at the enclosed top end. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, insulators, porcelain, electrical insulators, occupied japan

This file contains two items. Three photocopied images and an extract from Andrew Ward’s 1994 Caulfield Conservation Study about the former Old Melbourne Hospital gates which now stand in Springthorpe Reserve, Neerim Road, Murrumbeena, dated July 1995. Two original black and white photographs, produced by Hermes Studios, and one black and white non-original photograph copy of one of the original black and white photographs, depicting Springthorpe Gardens and Springthorpe gates, date unknown.springthorpe, springthorpe reserve, melbourne hospital, springthorpe j.w. dr., joyous garge, murrumbeena, springthorpe mrs., caulfield city council, caulfield, official buildings, municipal chambers, municipal offices, town halls, local government, arthur street, tuckett street, tyers s.w. cr., old melbourne hospital, gates, architectural features, gothic revival style, springthorpe dr., neerim road, architectural styles, victorian style, gardens, reserves, parks, springthorpe gardens, ward andrew, caulfield conservation study, city of caulfield, hermes studios, carnegie

Autobiography of the life history of Sir Hubert Opperman, a politician and world renowned cyclist in the mid 1900s. As a professional cyclist Opperman broke or established 101 state, Australian and world records in an incredible 24 hours of non stop cycling at the old Sydney velodrome. In Europe his wins in the Paris-Brest-Paris road race, the classic 24 hour Bol D'Or and setting a new Lands End John O'Groats record. He twice participated in the Tour de France.This book is an excellent reference for the world of cycling and politics in Australia.Signed autobiography title 'Pedals, Politics and People by Hubert Opperman, Hard backed copy and paper cover. The title is on a blue background and the remainder depicts photographs of spectators, with two main photographs superimposed over the spectators. One of the photographs is of Menzies and Opperman and the other is of Opperman riding a track cycle. "To the Millikan family/With best wishes/from/Hubert Opperman 'Oppy'"hubert opperman; tour de france; paris-brest-paris road race; pedals politics and people; dunlop grand prix; millikan family;

The Trustees of the Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial have defined a Prisoner of War to be a person who was captured by a common enemy and/or interned in a neutral or non-combatant country. To be defined an Australian Prisoner of War, the person needs to be either an Australian Born person serving in the Uniform of an Australian Service; or in the Uniform of a friendly country, or Born Elsewhere and serving in the Uniform of an Australian Service. A Prisoner is a person who has lost personal privileges, suffers deprivation of liberty or is unable to return home or dies in captivity.Colour photograph of a War Memorial designed by Peter Blizzard. The granite wall of the Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial features a listing the names of Australian Prisoners and was opened on the 6th February 2004 by General Peter Cosgrove AM MC to recognise and remember over 36,000 Australians who became Prisoners of War during the Wars of the 20th Century. In 2008 the Memorial became the First Military Memorial of National Significance outside Canberra. The Memorial which was designed by Peter Blizzard OAM, symbolises that all Australian prisoners embarked on a journey to serve away from their homeland and acknowledges the hardship, deprivation, brutality, starvation and disease endured by Prisoners of War during their capture and the scars that many continued to endure upon their repatriation to Australia. Heritage Victoria describes the memorial in the following way" "A JOURNEY OF HONOUR, REMEMBRANCE AND HEALING - The Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial is a dramatic and highly symbolic tribute to the sacrifice made by more than 35,000 young Australian service men and women in four theatres of war. At the heart of the monument is a stark, 130 metre long, highly polished black granite wall, engraved with the names of all Australian prisoners of war. The names on this 'honour roll' are listed in historical order from the Boer War in 1899, through to the Korean War in 1953. It is a testament to the contribution made by so many. Standing sentinel at the centre of the Memorial are six huge basalt obelisks, etched with the names of all the countries where Australians were held prisoner of war. The obelisks stand in a large reflective pool, set back from the central pathway, symbolising the distance that separated Australia's prisoners of war from their homes and their loved ones. Opposite the pool is a larger obelisk flanked by flagpoles and a ceremonial stone on which to lay wreaths. The central pathway is itself symbolic, with each of the paving stones cut in the shape of a railway sleeper. The pathway defines 'the journey' taken by the prisoners of war and the journey visitors take around the monument. At the end of the granite wall where the pathway ends, visitors face a large stone engraved simply 'Lest We Forget'. Water flows from beneath the stone, along the base of the granite wall and into the reflection pool in which the obelisks stand. This cycle of flowing water, symbolising spirituality, healing, cleansing, birth and rebirth, guides visitors on their journey through the Memorial." ballarat, ballarat botanical gardens, peter blizzard, ballarat north gardens, war memorial, prisoner of war, prisoners of war

This object relates to John Henry LAVARS. He was born on 1/10/1897 in Ballarat, VIC. John Henry served in the AIF (928) enlisting on, 21/03/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 8th BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Lance Sergeant (L-SGT) on 16/08/1919. John Henry LAVARS was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is John LAVARS (Father). John Lavars was awarded the British War Medal.Engraved Plaque - "'-In Memory' Sgt J H LAVARS 8th Battalion No 928 1914-1948 War Donated by: His Family"photo/pictures, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to John Henry LAVARS. He was born on 1/10/1897 in Ballarat, VIC. John Henry served in the AIF (928) enlisting on, 21/03/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 8th BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Lance Sergeant (L-SGT) on 16/08/1919. John Henry LAVARS was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is John LAVARS (Father). John Lavars was awarded the British War Medal.Engraved Plaque "Troop Ship 'Norman' 1914-1918 War In Memory Sgt J H Lavars No 928"photo/pictures, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to John Henry LAVARS. He was born on 1/10/1897 in Ballarat, VIC. John Henry served in the AIF (928) enlisting on, 21/03/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 8th BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Lance Sergeant (L-SGT) on 16/08/1919. John Henry LAVARS was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is John LAVARS (Father). John Lavars was awarded the British War Medal.Engraved Plaque - "Before Embarking to the 1914-1918 War 39th battalion 10th Platoon Sgt J H Lavars No 928"photo/pictures, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to John Henry LAVARS. He was born on 1/10/1897 in Ballarat, VIC. John Henry served in the AIF (928) enlisting on, 21/03/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 8th BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Lance Sergeant (L-SGT) on 16/08/1919. John Henry LAVARS was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is John LAVARS (Father). John Lavars was awarded the British War Medal.Engraved Plaque - " In Memory of Sgt John Henry Lavars No 928 (Standing on Left) 1914-1918 War Photo 8th Battalion Taken in England"photo/pictures, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Albert Charles SPOSITO. He was born on 03/04/1919 in Port Melbourne, VIC. Albert Charles served in the Army (VX110653) enlisting on, 22/07/1942 in Footscray, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 12 AUS ORD STORES COY as a Army Non-Commissioned Craftsman(CFN) on 13/11/1945. His next of kin is Barbara SPOSITO. Albert Charles SPOSITO was not a prisoner of war. Albert Sposito was awarded the War Medal 1939-1945.Circular white badge with the name "Hugh Bethune" printed front and centre. Above the name is written "Ballarat Legacy" with a symbol of a torch in between.Front of badge: "BALLARAT LEGACY" / "HUGH" / "BETHUNE" Back of badge: The letters "H" and "B" have been written in red marker. The words "PATRICK AUST." / "MELBOURNE" also appear on one side of the badge.medals, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Leslie Edward TAYLOR. He was born on 1/04/1890 in Ballarat, VIC. Leslie Edward served in the AIF(865) enlisting on, 17/08/1914 in Ballarat, VIC before being killed in action on duties with the 6TH BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 25/04/1915. Leslie Edward TAYLOR was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is W TAYLOR - Father. Leslie Taylor was awarded the Victory Medal, British War Medal, 1914 Star.first world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, medals, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Leslie Edward TAYLOR. He was born on 1/04/1890 in Ballarat, VIC. Leslie Edward served in the AIF(865) enlisting on, 17/08/1914 in Ballarat, VIC before being killed in action on duties with the 6TH BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 25/04/1915. Leslie Edward TAYLOR was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is W TAYLOR - Father. Leslie Taylor was awarded the Victory Medal, British War Medal, 1914 Star.Blue Velvet Display Tray "WW2 Service Medals" & "WW1"first world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, medals, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to John William WOOD. He was born on 23/11/1892 in Ararat, VIC. John William served in the AIF (2177) enlisting on, 15/05/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 39th BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 24/12/1917. John William WOOD was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is William Bloomfield WOOD (Father). John Wood was awarded the British War Medaland the, Victory Medal.first world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, medals, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to John William WOOD. He was born on 23/11/1892 in Ararat, VIC. John William served in the AIF (2177) enlisting on, 15/05/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 39th BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 24/12/1917. John William WOOD was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is William Bloomfield WOOD (Father). John Wood was awarded the British War Medaland the, Victory Medal.first world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, medals, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Herman Claude BENHAM. He was born on 1/07/1895 in Geelong, VIC. Herman Claude served in the AIF (3690) enlisting on, 13/08/1915 in Drysdale, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 7TH BATTALION as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 25/03/1919. Herman Claude BENHAM was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is James BENHAM (Father). Herman Benham was awarded the British War Medal and the 1914-1915 Star.first world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, medals, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Herman Claude BENHAM. He was born on 1/07/1895 in Geelong, VIC. Herman Claude served in the AIF (3690) enlisting on, 13/08/1915 in Drysdale, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 7TH BATTALION as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 25/03/1919. Herman Claude BENHAM was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is James BENHAM (Father). Herman Benham was awarded the British War Medal and the 1914-1915 Star.first world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, medals, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Leslie Edward TAYLOR. He was born on 1/04/1890 in Ballarat, VIC. Leslie Edward served in the AIF(865) enlisting on, 17/08/1914 in Ballarat, VIC before being killed in action on duties with the 6TH BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 25/04/1915. Leslie Edward TAYLOR was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is W TAYLOR - Father. Leslie Taylor was awarded the Victory Medal, British War Medal, 1914 Star.second world war (ww2), 1939 - 1945, medals, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to John William WOOD. He was born on 23/11/1892 in Ararat, VIC. John William served in the AIF (2177) enlisting on, 15/05/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 39th BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 24/12/1917. John William WOOD was not a prisoner of war. His next of kin is William Bloomfield WOOD (Father). John Wood was awarded the British War Medaland the, Victory Medal.first world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, literature, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Albury NEAL. He was born on 1/01/1893 in Ballarat, VIC. Albury served in the AIF (1885) enlisting on, 26/02/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 39 BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 11/03/1919. His next of kin is Albury NEAL. Gladys Neal was awarded the Australia Service Medal 1939-1946 and War Medal 1939-1945. Albury NEAL was not a prisoner of war.To his mother - Mary Ann NEAL ; photograph of himself on frontfirst world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, literature, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Albury NEAL. He was born on 1/01/1893 in Ballarat, VIC. Albury served in the AIF (1885) enlisting on, 26/02/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 39 BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 11/03/1919. His next of kin is Albury NEAL. Gladys Neal was awarded the Australia Service Medal 1939-1946 and War Medal 1939-1945. Albury NEAL was not a prisoner of war.Same as pic on postcardfirst world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, photo/pictures, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Albury NEAL. He was born on 1/01/1893 in Ballarat, VIC. Albury served in the AIF (1885) enlisting on, 26/02/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 39 BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 11/03/1919. His next of kin is Albury NEAL. Gladys Neal was awarded the Australia Service Medal 1939-1946 and War Medal 1939-1945. Albury NEAL was not a prisoner of war.Unused; With photographfirst world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, literature, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Albury NEAL. He was born on 1/01/1893 in Ballarat, VIC. Albury served in the AIF (1885) enlisting on, 26/02/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 39 BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 11/03/1919. His next of kin is Albury NEAL. Gladys Neal was awarded the Australia Service Medal 1939-1946 and War Medal 1939-1945. Albury NEAL was not a prisoner of war.House that Albury was born in, Skipton Street, Ballaratphoto/pictures, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Albury NEAL. He was born on 1/01/1893 in Ballarat, VIC. Albury served in the AIF (1885) enlisting on, 26/02/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 39 BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 11/03/1919. His next of kin is Albury NEAL. Gladys Neal was awarded the Australia Service Medal 1939-1946 and War Medal 1939-1945. Albury NEAL was not a prisoner of war.Redan Football Club 1913 (Albury 2nd Row, 3rd from Left)photo/pictures, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Albury NEAL. He was born on 1/01/1893 in Ballarat, VIC. Albury served in the AIF (1885) enlisting on, 26/02/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 39 BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 11/03/1919. His next of kin is Albury NEAL. Gladys Neal was awarded the Australia Service Medal 1939-1946 and War Medal 1939-1945. Albury NEAL was not a prisoner of war.To his mother, Mary Ann NEAL; Watercolour of Fritzfirst world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, literature, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Albury NEAL. He was born on 1/01/1893 in Ballarat, VIC. Albury served in the AIF (1885) enlisting on, 26/02/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 39 BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 11/03/1919. His next of kin is Albury NEAL. Gladys Neal was awarded the Australia Service Medal 1939-1946 and War Medal 1939-1945. Albury NEAL was not a prisoner of war.Embroidered with "L S" & laurel leavesuniforms, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Albury NEAL. He was born on 1/01/1893 in Ballarat, VIC. Albury served in the AIF (1885) enlisting on, 26/02/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 39 BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 11/03/1919. His next of kin is Albury NEAL. Gladys Neal was awarded the Australia Service Medal 1939-1946 and War Medal 1939-1945. Albury NEAL was not a prisoner of war.To his mother, Mary Ann NEAL; Photo of Amesbury Cottage, Stonehenge Road, ENGLAND on frontfirst world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, literature, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Albury NEAL. He was born on 1/01/1893 in Ballarat, VIC. Albury served in the AIF (1885) enlisting on, 26/02/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 39 BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 11/03/1919. His next of kin is Albury NEAL. Gladys Neal was awarded the Australia Service Medal 1939-1946 and War Medal 1939-1945. Albury NEAL was not a prisoner of war.Print outs on history of Albury NEALfirst world war (ww1), 1914 - 1918, literature, ballarat rsl, ballarat

This object relates to Albury NEAL. He was born on 1/01/1893 in Ballarat, VIC. Albury served in the AIF (1885) enlisting on, 26/02/1916 in Ballarat, VIC before being discharged from duties with the 39 BATTN as a Army Non-Commissioned Private (PTE) on 11/03/1919. His next of kin is Albury NEAL. Gladys Neal was awarded the Australia Service Medal 1939-1946 and War Medal 1939-1945. Albury NEAL was not a prisoner of war.medals, ballarat rsl, ballarat