These cross country ski boots are part of the pioneer ski recreational sport in the Victoria Alps. The mid 1900's saw the Victorian Alps begin to be used for recreational skiing, especially cross country. The majority of skiers at this point in time were either from the SEC Vic. Kiewa Hydro Scheme or from Melbourne. International skiers had better ski fields (ski lodges etc.) in Europe, the U.S.A. and Canada. With greater and better coverage of the Winter Olympics and some medal wins, skiing became more interesting and rewarding for city dwellers in Melbourne and Sydney.These ski boots are of great significance to the Kiewa Valley as it demonstrates that winter sports in the region have and still do attract not only skiers but also provide an employment (even though seasonal) avenue which "livens up" a small rural community and provides for a diversity of land usage which did not exist in the 1800's. These brown cross country ski boots, "Grief" brand have "cherry" inserts with cream laces, within the main boot. The boots have red and black laces and crossover tie flaps (to allow for maximum front foot entry. These boots do not have any ski clips to hold firm those restraints (quick release) on the skis (like "modern boots and skis). The heel section has the red Greif "W" pattern.At the underside of the rubber sole in freehand script "Cresta"snow skiing, ski boots, winter recreational sports.

The Point Hicks cancel was used 8,269 times on the commemorative covers dated 20th April 1970. The first day cover commemorates the bicentenary of Cook's sighting of Point Hicks.When sailing along the coast of what is today southern Victoria, Cook recorded in his journal in April 1770 that he had named "‘The Southernmost Point of land we had in sight’ as Point Hicks, ‘because Leiut Hicks, was the first who discover’d this land’." This was the first European name recorded during that Endeavour voyage to be applied to a feature on the east coast of Australia. There is no longer a post office at Point Hicks and was possibly a temporary one used only for this issue.A first day issue envelope with stamps. Produced to commemorate the sighting of Point Hicks by Captain James Cook 0n 20 April 1770. It is a large cover with a strip of 5x 5c & a single 30c stamps. first-day-cover cook-james stamps philately point-hicks

This vase was gifted to the Faculty by Dr Walter Wyndham Biggs upon his retirement from the Faculty Board in 1981. Dr Biggs was the first flying anaesthetist of the Flying Surgeon Service based at Longreach in central Queensland. The vase is hand painted by Dr Biggs mother, Bessie Biggs. The manufacturer of the vase, Furstenberg, is one of oldest and most renowned porcelain makers in Europe since 1747. Made in West Germany, the makers mark is found at the base of the vase marked with a blue under glaze symbol of a crown, script F and a number 9. Porcelain vase of bulbous form and narrow neck with gold trim on lip. Black and white hand painted scene of flying geese above a body of water surrounded by reeds.[hand written on base in black ink] Handpainted / by / Bessie Biggs / 1981 [embossed on base] 7405/30 [Blue under-glaze on base] symbol of crown / cursive script F / 9 / FURSTENBERG / SEIT 1747 / WEST GERMANY [Artist signature on painted surface] B BIGGSdr walter biggs, furstenberg, porcelain

Persian physicians Rhazes (860–932CE) and Avicenna (980–1037CE) mentioned coffee in specialised writings, describing its medicinal properties. Although caffeine took centuries to find its way to Europe, it was quickly found to have medicinal value. Coffee has been mentioned in medical journals since the beginning of the eighteenth century, emphasising its capacity for nervous and vasomotor stimulation. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant of the methylxanthine class of psychoactive drugs. It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug. Pfizer acquired David G Bull in 1984.Small clear glass ampoule with black printed text on surface containing the amber coloured liquid of 2 grains in 1 cc Hermette Caffeine.

Continuous cutting chain was patented in 1905 by Samuel Bens of San Francisco, while the first portable chainsaw was developed and patented in 1918 by Canadian millwright James Shand. But the main advancements of modern petrol chainsaws occurred in Europe in the 1920s and 30s where Andreas Stihl is often hailed as the "father of the chainsaw" After the second world war lighter materials, metal alloys and improved engine designs revolutionised the logging and timber industry. Of interest on this model is the spacing of the teeth compared to modern machines. With a 4HP motor it has few safety features and is very heavyEarly model chainsawBurns ChainsawModel 106forest harvesting

The train smash occurred in Sunbury between the Station Street level rail crossing and Sunbury Station on February 6th 1952 at around 10pm. The goods train was being pulled by the green locomotive, which was used to take the Jubilee train throughout Victoria in 1951, to acknowledge 125 of European settlement in Victoria, ran into the back of another stationary goods train on the rail line. The guard, A.C Read, in the stationary goods train was killed. P J Mcwhirter, the guard in the other train was injured. The tree lined street in the background is Horne Street.This smash was one of a number that have happened along the Sunbury rail line and in the vicinity of Sunbury Station over the years.A black and white photograph with a white border of a train smash which wrecked a steam engine and carriages. Workmen are on the tracks surveying the wreckage. A rail crossing is in the background.jubilee train, train crashes, station street, sunbury railway station, a c read, p j mcwhirter

Sir David Fairbairn KBE DFC was Honorary Colonel of 8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles Regiment 1981-83. Sir David served with 21st Light Horse prior to World War Two. During WWII he served with the Royal Australian Air Force flying Spitfires in Britain and Europe, and later in the war, in the Pacific theatre. Following the war, he entered politics, holding the federal seat of Farrer from 1949-1975. He was Minister for Defence 1971-73. Sir David was Australian Ambassador to the Netherlands 1977-1980.Framed coloured photograph of Sir David Fairbairn when serving as Honorary Colonel of 8/13 Victorian Mounted Rifles, 1981-83.fairbairn, colonel, honorary, vmr

Private Charles Field Richardson, 6 Bn., AIF, was the brother of the historian Dorothy Richardson. He enrolled in the AIF on 17 August 1914. Before he enrolled he worked as a mechanic in Harry Cooper’s ‘Kew Flyer’ bicycle shop in Cotham Road. His address is recorded on the Embarkation Rolls as 80 Gladstone Street. He embarked for Europe on the HMAT Hororata on 17 August. The Hororata had been fitted out for 2,000 troops and 124 horses. Charles Richardson was to die of wounds in Egypt on 3 May 1915 at the age of 21 and is buried in Alexandria. Formal and official documents such as these, recording sacrifice in the First World War were socially and spiritually significant to the deceased soldier's close relatives. The home made frame emphasises that the Rogers family valued these documents and wanted them presented visually as a group. The documents have added significance locally as Charles Field Richardson was the brother of the historian Dorothy Rogers. The Collection includes postcards that he sent from Alexandria to his sister and photographs of Pte Richardson in uniform and at the pyramids. He was wounded at Gallipoli and died in hospital in Alexandria.The frame holds three documents, two of which, the signed letters from Buckingham palace are identical. The central scroll records Charles Field Richardson’s death and his contribution to King and Country.pte charles field richardson, 6th battalion aif, first world war, rogers collection, documents

The extensive fashion and design collection of the Kew Historical Society has been assembled over a number of decades. One subsection of this collection is shoes, designed and manufactured for Australian women by Australian and European designers. Many of the shoes, while often mass-produced, were generally constructed by skilled artisans using traditional shoe-making techniques. The shoes date from the 1890s to the 1980s. Footrest Shoes were manufactured in High Street Preston, on the west side not far up from Dundas Street, but well before Bell St. Preston is a suburb of Melbourne.Pair of dark green leather women’s court shoes with a green fabric bow at the front, manufactured by Footrest, Australia.Footrest, Australia. Made by Footrest /Leather Uppers Linings & Soleswomen's shoes, footrest shoes, footwear, ladies footwear

The Answer is a newsletter in magazine format that is sent to the widows that are helped by Melbourne Legacy. For the widows who are sight impaired a copy of the newsletter is audio described onto CD by Vision Australia and posted to them. It contains information about meetings and activities. This edition contains an article on the preparations for the 100th anniversary with Ken Tsirigotis going to Europe. Also the Brisbane Ranges youth camp, the Disability Rec Day, and the Widows' Remembrance Day high tea and the Torch Society Luncheon. Also photos of our programs such as the walking group, the stamp ladies, and widows club gatherings.A record that Melbourne Legacy helps coordinate and organise events and activities for the widows, and provides items of interest for their enjoyment.Compact disc x 2 in a case that contains the audio recording of The Answer from Dec 2022/ Jan 2023.activities, answer, widows

A cutting from from a Melbourne Legacy President's report showing a photo of Legatee H M (Myd) Lewis (President of Melbourne Legacy in 1969). It was collected to be a record of a photo of past presidents. Legatee Lewis served in the Royal Artillery in the Western Desert and Europe during World War 2. He retired as a colonel. He joined Legacy in 1961. The article was part of an album of past presidents from 1965 to 1989. The folder included biographical details and obituaries, eulogies and death notices of prominent Legatees. The items have been catalogued separately.A record of Legatee Myd Lewis a past president of Legacy. The information was collected to record the lives of prominent legatees in a folder.Article with a black and white photo of Legatee Myd Lewis - President 1968past presidents, myd lewis

School Council, Members of Staff, List of Full Course Students 1948, S.M.B. Magazine Committee, Editorial, Principal's Page, News and Notes, Editor's Notes, Obituary - S. H. Mayo, Farewells to Staff Members, Alterations in Staff, Science Section, The Literary Society, S.M.B. Yesterday and Today, The Ex-Servicemen, R.A.A.F. Story, Art Section, Escape from Nazi Europe, Short Story Competition, Senior Sport, Girls Sport, Commercial Notes, The Junior Techs, Junior Technical School Students' 1948, Students' doing Trade Apprenticeship Courses Green cover with maroon and green lettering, soft covered magazine of 54 pages. Artwork Mr Ramm - By Robert Tantau Borrick - By H. McWilliam Darb - By Robert Tantau Have a chip Will - By Robert Tantau Junior - By Robert Tantau Bruce - By Robert Tantau Pen and ink Ilustration (car) - By Ron Cairns Rosemary - By Robert Tantau Maurine - By Robert Tantau Howard - By H. Tozer Mick - By Robert Tantau Lorna - By Robert Tantau Sandy - By Robert Tantau Hughes - By Robert Tantau Bautovich - By Robert Tantau Bill and Banjo - By Robert Tantau Mac - By Robert Tantau Rowy - By John Willis ballarat school of mines, magazine, h. tozer, v. lancaster, g. murdoch, m. greenwood, alan j. fenton, c. rook, b. bryan, c. g. fairbank, r. p. flower, c. sanos, eric e. marshman, r. w. richards, m. k. ashton, w. k. l. murray, g. ramm, john c. collins, f. g. procter, dr. j. r. pound, donald c. johnston, neville d. gardner, arthur c. burrow, phillip e. richards, john f. swain, hester darby, lewis huisman, betty freeth, j. williams, m. treganowan, gwenyth williams, w. archibald, maureen callahan, margaret ryan, t. downes, dawn anderson, m. rowbottom, beverley letti, l. greenbank, valerie ritchie, beryl hutchings, p. reidy, robert tantau, willis brown, wesley wilson, donald durant, geo m. hetherington, john a. wilson, maxwell f. murray, ron cairns, geoffrey j. edmonds, john k. ballinger, william n.. edwards, r. rosser, horace j. graham, kevin k. treloar, john h. boag, francis l. veal, hans fumberger, john r. jopling, william h. wray, stanley j. dunstan, john willis, robert e. davis, jeffrey m. coward, william j. scala, george r. searle, norman w. ludbrook, robert r. u'ren, rex h. hollioake, alan vinegrad, h. mcwilliam, james w.b. tippett, james w. brokenshire, frederick g. savage, ronald t. spence, john r. sawyer, terence p. lannen, e. lloyd, d. brayshaw, valerie daff, betty hearn, thelma halsall, v. henderson, netta pitcher, moira baker, betty whitford, joan ellis, pamela hay, r. b. williams, heather coad, s. shillington, b. duffer, j. a. willsher, m. mclean, j. catherall, c. beeston, e. shaw, n. silvey, d. stevens, k. adams, t. hewitt, i. lepp, j. mccormack, a. young, l. george, j. terrill, k. spalding, j. watts, w. clarke, g. hindson, d. gilbert, a. hewitt, r. plover, g. murrowood, r. cochrane, j. bethune, j. walton, r. ward, j. blain, r. gluyas, r. luke, j. daly, k. ward, i. mcconchie, p. hewitt, j. skilbeck, e. jones, c. hoffman, w. mckenzie, r. phillips, g. allen, h. saw, c. mayne, b. graham, m. tweedale, d. alexander, w. rodgers, r. norman, m. horwood, p. hains, m. coleman, g. hannah, r. bawden, r. simpson, d. ditchfield, albert bradley, w. d. ditchfield

Set of 3 MTOCo cable tram equipment specifications: 1 - Contract No. 8 - sheave pulleys, crown pulleys, curve pulleys, depression frames, manhole covers, and manhole frames 2 - Contract No. 9 - for 13500 casks of cement - imported from Europe, including storage, tensile strength, and timing of deliveries. 3 - Contract No. 11 - similar to 1 - (11 has been typed over the 8) - details the items, referenced drawings, signed by Geo S Duncan as Engineer. Includes Schedule and Tender forms. Undated, though does have a dated of "188_".Yields information about the style of the specifications issued by the MTOCo during the 1880s for the supply of materials.Set of 3 documents printed on foolscap sheets.tramways, cable trams, specification, track work, tenders, tender documents

This book, written by Maxine Philp-Wright and illustrated by John Bagley, provides a visual, informative and light-hearted introduction to tourist spots along the Great Ocean Road and the areas around Warrnambool and Tower Hill. It is particularly suitable for children of all ages and it deals with the themes of nature-based tourism, reconciliation between Europeans and aborigines and multi-culturalism. It includes references to Australian flora and fauna as seen through the eyes of an international visitor, an Australian family and a Spanish migrant and it urges full appreciation of the places visited with the motto, ‘Go Slow is the Go!’This book is of interest because of its themes of multi-culturalism, indigenous culture appreciation and local Great Ocean Road tourism. This is a soft cover booklet of 33 pages with a white cover with multi-coloured images on the front cover (Tower Hill, a car and a turtle) and printing and three colour photographs on the back cover.tower hill, shipwreck coast, victoria, warrnambool

This item was used at a time when there was a limited range of spices available and sought after by domestic and commercial kitchens. The taste buds of the average Australian diner were limited to the basic English style dishes which had been delivered by the early colonial days. Rural areas where slower in experimenting with Asian and European cuisine. The influx of European cuisine from refugees fleeing both World War I and world War II brought a different appreciation of gourmet food. The increase in Asian spices was brought about by Australians becoming more aware of the Asian "scene" through the conflicts of Korean and Vietnam military action. The "standard" type spices such as Cinnamon, nutmeg and similar spices offered by Robert Harper and later other Food and Spices whole sellers and processors where a direct result of a greater influx of migrants from spices rich societies and resulted in a greater range of "Asian" spices This became more visible after demise of the "White Australian Policy" on immigration and the great media revolution of Televised cooking shows from the 1950s on. The sustainability of containers such as this re-useable tin and cardboard spice holder, which could be replenished and not thrown away after it was empty was it a time period well before the "throw away" society had crept into the Valley.This spice container was used mainly in domestic kitchen within the Kiewa Valley. Those European construction workers of the SEC Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme had brought their continental cuisine into the valley and that was the beginning of a new era in highlighting different tastes. This rural valley had a greater interaction with people from other nation's cuisines and by association became more infused with a broader range of spices and food preparations.This item (spice shaker) is constructed by using a thick cardboard cylinder with both ends closed by tin plated light steel lids. The bottom lid is not removable however the top lid is removable to allow the contents (Cinnamon Spice) to be refilled. The lid has thirteen small holes which allow the contents to be shaken out. The outer side of the cylinder has been covered (glued on) by a printed black and yellow label detailing contents , weight, and supplier.On the front side of the printed label outside of the label boundary is "To make a shaker of this tin - take the lid off and remove the paper from inside the lid" Within the marked horse shoe shaped boundary is" HARPER'S ground spices star brand" underneath "CINNAMON" underneath this is printed "1 oz. NET WEIGHT" and under this, within its own frame " ROBERT HARPER COMPANY LIMITED (incorporated in Victoria) AUSTRALIA." On the back within its own box is "HARPER'S star brand GROUND SPICES" and underneath "These Pure Spices are packed in the following Varieties". Below this is a list (going down) "CINNAMON CARRAWAYS CAYENNE MIXED CLOVES CASSIA CORIANDER GINGER MACE TURMERIC NUTMEGS PIMENTO"kitchen spices, spice shakers, food preparation

A book of drawings and photos published about the trenches in Europe in 1917. Put together by the Australian Commonwealth Military Forces and published by a British publisher. Reproductions of official photographs and cartoons and sketches by members of the A.I.F. Photos show life in the trenches and the war zones, including Ypres, Hill 60, Hindenburg line, Bapaume, Menin Road, Zonnebeke and more. Plus conducting battle operations, Boche prisoners, ruined towns and churches, and the wounded awaiting transport. Most of the drawings are humorous. It is incomplete, the back cover is missing and the pages are only from Page 1 to 24 and 57 to 127. Information from the Australian War Memorial archives says it should have been 157 pages long. Was with other World War 1 memorabilia that has come from Private John Basil McLean, 2nd Reinforcements, 37th Battalion, A.I.F. J.B. McLean (Service No. 13824) was from near Maffra, Victoria and enlisted on 22 January 1916. He embarked on 16 December 1916 for Europe. His full war record is available from AWM. He spent time with the Australian Field Artillery (Pack Section). At the end of the war he worked for a year at the A.I.F. Headquarters in London before returning to Australia on the 'Ceramic', arriving Portsea in 1920.A record that photos from the trenches were published as a memento of Christmas in 1917, presumably for the troops.A book of black and white photos and drawings published for the troops in World War 1.Title page has 'JB McLean / Maffra' handwritten in blue ink.world war one, souvenir

A courting chain was carved by a man and given to the girl he was courting. This was a common European practice in the past, with Welsh courting chains surviving from the 17th century, though the practice may have gone back even further than that. The chain indicated that man was a capable artisan and was occupying his hands in a healthy way, particularly when the lady was present. The many types of loops and chains carved all had symbolic meanings. The cage with the wooden balls inside was said to indicate the desire of the man for children and the number he would like. The symbolism of the arm and hand with the two digits touching is not known. This courting chain has no known local provenance but it is an interesting object as an example of the customs of the past. It will be useful for displays. This is a wooden carved courting chain. One end is in the shape of an arm and hand with the thumb and first finger touching at the tips. Then there are three chains linked to the arm with a peg inserted into another loop at the end. Next, joined to this, is another loop attached to a wooden cage which has two wooden balls inside. The chain is finished with a carved turret structure at the end. courting chains, history of warrnambool

This is a travel book written by Mary Gaunt (1861-1942). She was an Australian author who gained international recognition for her novels, travel books, magazine articles and short stories. The wife of Dr H. L. Miller, she lived in Warrnambool from 1894 to 1900 and wrote some of her novels whilst in the town, using local scenes and situations for some of her writings. Her travel books are important as she wrote about her adventures in countries such as Africa and China where she was often touring places not previously visited by a white woman unaccompanied by other Europeans. This original copy of Mary Gaunt’s book about her travels in Jamaica is significant. Not only was Mary Gaunt a noted Australian writer but she was also a resident of Warrnambool for some time and thus has her place in Warrnambool’s history. This book was sent by Mary Gaunt to her brother Clive, resident in Rangoon at the time of the book’s publication. This is a hard cover book of 258 pages. The book has a dark green cover with gold lettering on the spine. The cover is very mottled and stained. There are four black and white photographs scattered throughout the text. A signature on the first page is in black ink and a small book plate is printed on a piece of paper which is pasted into the first page. ‘Clive Gaunt Rangoon’ ‘With the Author’s Compliments’ mary gaunt, history of warrnambool, australian literature

This is an early 20th century musical composition by a leading Tasmanian composer, Florence Hull (Mrs Arthur Kenny). It is a sentimental song as the ‘sprig of boronia’ is a withered one, kept as a relic of some past event. This music was printed in the Victorian School Paper for Grades 7 and 8 in 1918 and the proceeds of copies of one of the editions of this work were donated to the Hawthorn Red Cross in Melbourne. Florence Hull’s musical works and memoirs are in the Tasmanian Archives. Paul Dufault, who sang this song, was a leading Canadian tenor who toured Australia and Europe. He died in 1930 aged 57. This sheet music has significance as it was composed by a Tasmanian woman in the early 20th century and it represents the type of music popular in concert halls at the time. It has been in the Warrnambool and District Historical Society collection for many years. This is a four page piece of sheet music (cover plus two pages of music). The paper is cream-coloured, discoloured in places, with brown print on the back of the cover and black notation on the music pages. The front cover is in brown, yellow and green tonings, with a chromolithographic illustration of a Boronia flower spray and some music bars. The back of the cover has information on eight of Florence Hull’s other compositions with comments by critics. The pages have been torn and mended with adhesive tape.Front Cover: ‘Sung by Paul Dufault’ ‘A Sprig of Boronia’ ‘Music by Florence Hull’ ‘Copyright, Price 2/- nett, Published by F. M. Kenny, Melbourne, Allan and Co. Pty. Ltd., 276-278 Collins Street, Melbourne, Adelaide, Bendigo, Geelong’ In pencil on front cover: ‘To Mac from ….., 25/8/24’ florence hull, paul dufault, warrnambool, a sprig of boronia sheet music, sheet music, warrnambool history

This book by Marten Syme is a history of Port Fairy from 1835 to 2018. The earlier histories of Port Fairy do not cover most of the 20th century and none of the 21st century. This book is a scholarly work and offers fresh perspectives on many aspects of Port Fairy history and questions some long-held views, especially on the early years of the town. Port Fairy, 293 kilometres west of Melbourne, has a rich history and is one of the earliest places in Victoria to be settled by Europeans. The author Marten Syme has written extensively on both maritime and local history and is a resident of Port Fairy. This book is of considerable significance as it is a comprehensive history of Port Fairy and complements and adds to the earlier histories of this town. It will be a very useful addition to libraries and will be a great aid to family history and local history researchers.This is a hard cover book of 295 pages. The cover is grey with gold lettering on the spine. The dust cover has white printing and an illustration with a green background with a multi-colour design of sailing ships, trees and harbour entrance. The pages of printed material are in five parts with a bibliography and an index. The book has black and white photographs, maps and other illustrative material. Signature of author (Marten A. Syme)port fairy, marten syme, port fairy, history of warrnambool

Biography of Goldfields Commissioner Joseph Anderson Panton for whom Panton Hill was named for. The cover painting "J.A. Panton, Esq., PM" 1904 is by Frederick McCubbin. Sections in the book refer to : J. A. Panton CMG, Discovery of gold, 1854 Year of Exhibitions, Mining commission, Europe, Bohemia, art and marriage, artist in the western district, patron of Victorian Academy of Art, First Police Magistrate of city court, pioneer pastoralist, aboard the yacht "Cushie Doo", fellow of Royal Geographical Society, London, Inaugural President of Victorian Artists Society, Later Life of Joseph Panton.Softcover bookjospeh anderson panton, biography, frederick mccubbin, cushie doo (ship), gold discovery, police magistrate, victorian artists society

This photographic magazine attaches to the gear box universal ( see cat 4531). As an assembly, the type F22 aerial camera came into RAF and RAAF service c1942. It was used by the RAF over Europe and by the RAAF extensively through the Sth. West Pacific area of operations, during WW2. This type of camera was used through the Vietnam war up to the early 1980's. The F22 camera assembly when mounted in the reliable Canberra aircraft, did aerial survey work in PNG, Indonesia, Malaysia and Sumatra and the Australian mainland. This type of camera was used in Spitfires, Mosquitos, Avro Lincolns and Canberra aircraft.This is a heavy metal container painted in a grey colour. The label is on the top. One side has two enlarged oval sections. in those two ovals is one hole of 22 mm diameter. In those holes is a disc painted half red and half white. Below the ovals are two levers connected to the internal mechanism. Bottom RHS has a disc with 2 pins, red dots are printed on it. Nearly level with the top of ovals is a kidney shaped hole. In that hole is a rotating disc with graduations and numbers. the action side of magazine has a rectangular opening size 83/4" x 7/16". It is covered with a black soft material.Top has “serv 18-10-73” The number '20' has been stenciled on two surfaces.aerial photography, magazine, ww2, raaf

This brand of starch was first manufactured in 1914, during the First World War, and continued to cover the other wars and military conflicts that followed. It was a time when Australian made was important due to the limited supplies coming from England and Europe. This was a period when the demand for "home grown" produce was at its peak. This was in a time when by necessity not by the "Buy Australian" campaign (of later years) which was the major factor for the demand of goods. It was in a time when starch was used in formal clothing to put a "crisp" or fresh new appearance for clothes. The important social more of "clothes make the person" was in vogue.This box which once contained starch powder is very significant to a rural semi isolated region because it clearly demonstrates that the social mores of the city were also entrenched into the rural population. The fashion of the day, even in remote areas, especially rural, were still a requirement to be maintained on certain special occasions. Cleanliness and stiff "upper lip" persona were just as important in the rural sector as in city and Government circles. Institutions such as hospitals, Government Offices and the legal personnel were bound by the fashion of the starch appearance (no dirt sticks to a personage with the "starch" look). Appearances, especially the first ones, were the judgmental image that remained in the uppermost regions of the viewer. This box with white writing and a "formally clad" man on a navy blue background held Australian grown maize based starch powder(1 LB gross). The package is made from 200 gsm thick cardboard. As production was made during the two World Wars 1914 to 1945 the promotion was heavily focused on Australian made and Australian grown maize.The same cover both front and back, "DANDY" below this a figure outlined in white on a navy blue background "hat and tails" outfit. Next to the sketch in smaller lettering" STRONGER THAN OTHER STARCHES. LESS REQUIRED". Below the figure "GLOSS" and below this in larger print "STARCH". Below this and in smaller print "CONTENTS. NETT WEIGHT 14 1/2 ozs" Below this and in smaller print "MANUFACTURED BY MAIZE PRODUCTS PTY LTD FOOTSCRAY VICTORIA" On one side of the box and in large white print on royal blue background"PURITY, STRENGTH AND UNIFORMITY." On the other side are the manufacturers directions. On the left side "FOR RAW STARCH" Underneath and in smaller print,"Dissolve in warm water a quantity to give the required thickness. Add bluing if required Stir before each using. On the right side "FOR BOILING STARCH" underneath this in small print"Mix well in small quantity of cold water to creamy consistency. Add boiling water, and stir constantly while cooking. Allow to cool, and add blueing if required. Underneath these two sets of instructions is "Make your consistency thinner than if using another kind of Starch"household starch, household cleaning, domestic laundering.

This general purpose Multi-meter was manufactured after 1950 and used by the SEC Vic (Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme) from that date until late 1900's. It was used to measure very small voltages associated with the operation of the various Hydro Generators. The readings were able to be shown by the resistor in use in the current circuit. During this time period, high quality testing instruments were either sourced from Europe or England. This particular meter was manufactured in the Netherlands. This type of "old" analogue meter was replaced by digital meters whose electronic components are a fraction of the size of the older analogue ones.This analog General Purpose multi-meter is quite a large (for handheld mobile) apparatus which permits the easy monitoring of electrical variations within the large SEC Victoria Hydro Scheme's electrical generators. These generators are powered by the hydro force of "stored" water at a higher altitude. The establishment of both the NSW and Victorian Hydro schemes was achieved from the mid 1900's to the 1960's. At this point in time the need for additional power sources to quench both an industrial and domestic demand for electricity was purely an economic and not and environmental (carbon reduction) factor. This hydro scheme was instigated by "the Government of the day" as a bold move and was the major force of the World War II refugee and "technical" workforce inclusion of skilled and unskilled migration into the Australian environment. Although this mass "invasion" of workers with families was thought of in some circles as intrusive, the expansion of population post war years and its integration into the Australian rural sector, produced the multi- lingual multi-cultural diversity of later years.This General Purpose Multimeter is an analogue meter i.e. it has a needle arm that moves across a scale of divisions. This is a large(hand held) device due to the mechanical movement system within and the large size of its electronic components of its circuitry.There are two black bake-lite push buttons operating the wire inserts Positive/negative leads at the top. The meter (protected with a glass window) has clearly marked graduations (top - volts, bottom amperes). Below this are two bake-lite dials (left "potentiometer the right one measuring range selector). Below this is a "dial" switch to input the desired resistance measuring range "V" Front "H&B ELIMA" and to the right Elavi 15n. 0n the front side is a label "STATE ELECTRICITY COMMISSION OF VICTORIA TRANSMISSION DEPT E.C.No." On the bottom of the base is a stenciled layout of the battery "layout" including the fuse . The information notice is presented in five languages starting with German, English,French, Italian, Spanish and Dutchsec vic kiewa hydro scheme, alternate energy supplies, alpine population growth