The name Trireme comes from its distinct three rows of oars/oarsmen. The first tier of rowers were known as the Thranites, translating to Thrones. They were the most prestigious, and worked the hardest because their oars were furthest away from the water and therefore had to work harder. They were usually younger and they were paid one and a half drachma per day, half a drachma more than the other two tiers of rowers who were paid one drachma per day. After a few years working as Thranites, each was moved down into the second tier, the Zygites. Zygites derives from the word balance, as the second tier was balanced in the middle. After more years again, oarsmen were moved down into the third and final tier, known as the Thalamites. The Thalamites were consistently wet due to the proximity of their tier to the water. The water would leak through the gaps where the oars entered the ships despite the leather skins used to close the openings.This is a unique specimen made by D. Paraskevatos, in that it is the only one of its kind in the world that has been built to the exact specifications of the Athenian vessel. It was built in Melbourne and it also has historic and artistic valueWooden replica model ship that is an exact replica of the ancient Athenian trireme making it unique in the world since there's no other such replica made. Great care was exercised to ensure that it will include all functionality and detail of the ancient ship used to by the Athenians to fight in the Sea battle of Salamis and beyond. Mr Denis Paraskevatos constructed the Paralos Trireme over a period of eighteen months. Mr Paraskevatos relayed the history of his Trireme. The first Trireme was constructed in Greece by the shipbuilder Aminoklis in 704BC, originating from Corinth. The first four Triremes he constructed were ordered by a Poliykrates from Samos, thus the ships were known as Samines. Poliykrates realised he would be able to use the Triremes for his own benefit against invading pirates, as well as to engage in activities of piracy himself. The Athenians built 200 Triremes for the battle of Salamis, all constructed over a period of eighteen months. This was a huge feat, on average a new ship was build every second day. Triremes were primarily used in sea battles, however there were two unique Triremes, the Salaminia and the Paralos, which were considered Holy and only used for Ambassadors and Consulates on overseas trips. Mr Paraskevatos’ Trireme is the Paralos. The term Paralos derives from the Greek social class from the shores, or the merchant classes. Greece was divided into three basic social classes. The mountain region, the plateaus or fields bound to agriculture, and those from the shores. Paralia translates to from the shore. The Paralia were an important class in influencing the democracy. They were divergent group who would deliberately vote on the contrary to everyone else. This is how the Trireme was born. Every Trireme held between 20-50 soldiers, and either 170 or 174 oarsmen. Mr Paraskevatos’ Trireme is a 174 oarsmen ship. The role of the oarsmen was difficult and specialised. When engaged in sea battle and the wind was not enough, the navy would remove the masts and leave them on shore and solely use the oarsmen, leaving the deck clear. However when there were sufficient winds and both the sails and oars were in use the oarsmen had to show great skill in manoeuvrability. When the oarsmen were not needed to manoeuvre the ship they also engaged in battle. model, replica, paraskevatos, plutarch, ship, trireme, παρασκευάτος, πανομοιότυπο

Digital Image of the Yarra River, Melbourne.railway, yarra river, sandridge bridge, pedestrian, transport

A number of colour photographs of buildings in High Street, Kyneton.high street, kyneton, kyneton, architecture

Colour photograph of a red brick church in Colac.st brendan's, catholic, church, catholic church, school, coragulac

Colour photograph of the silos at Boort, Victoria.boort, silos, lake, boort silos

Fort Queenscliff was established in 1860 when an open battery was constructed on Shortland's Bluff to defend the Port Phillip Bay entrance. The Fort, which underwent major redevelopment in the late 1870s and 1880s, became the headquarters for an extensive chain of forts around Port Phillip Heads. Its garrison included volunteer artillery, engineers, infantry and naval militia, and it was manned as a coastal defence installation continuously from 1883 to 1946. The other fortifications and armaments around the Heads were completed by 1891, and together made Port Phillip one of the most heavily defended harbours in the British Empire. It is claimed that the first British Empire artillery shots of World War One were fired when a gun at Fort Nepean fired across the bow of the German freighter Pfalz, as she was attempting to escape to sea. The orders to fire came from Fort Queenscliff. It is alleged that the same gun, with a different barrel, also fired the first Australian artillery shot of World War II. By 1946 coastal artillery was outmoded, and the Fort became home of Army's Staff College. After the three Service Staff Colleges were combined in Canberra, it became the base for Army's Soldier Career Management Agency in 2001.Colour panoramic photograph of Fort Queenscliffqueenscliff, fort queenscliff, army, volunteer forces

This site was used as a burial ground from 1855 (about) to 1859. European and Chinese pioneers rest here. The Bendigo Chinese Society Honouring the memory of their Countrymen, fenced the site, 1928 Population of Vaughan 1859, 13000vaughan, vaughan springs, vaughan chinese cemetery, chinese, thomas eynon

The photo was taken in 1928 and the young child is definately Jocelyn Francesca Cerini, elder daughter of Natale Cerini and his wife Ethel (MS: Swan). The Cerini family lived at 215 Union Road. Most likely that the photo was taken in the back garden of 215 Union Road which backs onto 11 and 13 Barton Street. Thus the houses in the background are the two houses occupied by Barton family members - No 11 and 13 Barton Street, Surrey Hills. The photo card index compiled by Jocelyn Hall (nee Cerini) identifies the elderly lady as Miss Annie Barton, sister of Rev John Barton, second minister of Wyclif Congregational Church. She was a nurse. However the age of Jocelyn (born 1922) makes it more likely that this is Mrs Annie Eliza Barton (nee Duncan), wife of the Rev John Barton and mother of James Duncan Barton, John Saxon Barton, Ida Grace Barton, Albert Edward Barton, Annie Barton and Harold Arthur Barton. Annie Eliza (Duncan) Barton was born in 1845 and died on 16 Jan 1933, which is consistent with the age of the lady pictured. By the time this photo was taken her husband, the Rev John Barton (1844-1919) had died. He was minister of the Wyclif Church in 1896 and continued in that role until 1907. After a further appointment John Barton retired and continued to worship at Wyclif, residing at 13 Barton Street. On Federation in 1901 the street name changed - it was originally Kent Street. John Barton was born in 1845 in Ainsdale, Lancashire, son of James Barton and Ann Rimmer and grew up in Formby - the name later given to No 13 Barton Street. His family appear to have remained in the UK. He married Ann Eliza Duncan in 1872 in Queensland. Of the 2 daughters who were nurses: Ida Grace Barton (b 1877) did not marry. She trained at the Homeopathic Hospital (later Prince Henry's Hospital), graduating in 1909. Annie Barton (b 1883, Geelong) trained at the Melbourne Hospital. She was Matron AANS during WW1 in charge of the Base Hospital (Military) in St Kilda Road. She married Dr John Hodgson Nattrass. She died in 1965 at Caulfield. John and Ann Eliza Barton are buried in Box Hill Cemetery - C0044.A black & white photo of an elderly lady seated in a cane chair in an outdoor setting. To one side is a young girl also seated in a chair and holding a doll; to the other side is a doll's pram containing another doll. The background is indistinct but appear to be houses.clothing and dress, 1928, miss jocelyn francesca cerini, mrs jocelyn hall, annie eliza duncan, annie eliza barton, box hill cemetery, rev john barton, jocelyn cerini, dolls, 215 union road

After the closure of the Bendigo Post Office in Pall Mall in 1997, the ground and lower floors of the building were transformed into a tourism and interpretation centre. The Bendigo Visitor Information Centre is staffed partly by volunteers and these pins are presented as a sign of gratitude from the City of Greater Bendigo for there services.Three metal pins, two silver, one gold, attached to printed card. Each pin is printed with a red 'V' and a year. 0337a Card; We thank you for / your efforts, they are / appreciated all year / From the / Bendigo V.I.C / Team. / ENJOY! 0337b Silver badge; Volunteering / V / 2010 / now, more than ever 0337c Gold badge; Inspiring the Volunteer in You / IYV + 10 / 2011 / V 0337d Silver badge; Volunteers / V / 2012 / Every One Counts 0337e Silver badge; volunteers / V / 2014 / Powering Communitiescity of greater bendigo tourism, bendigo post office

Howards Box factory. The Howard family (owners) resided at Netherby 606 Warrenheip Street and were involved in the Methodist Church, football, bowls and the fire brigade. James Howard owned the factory. he had two sons, Arthur and Charles. Early Buninyong. This is a rare image of early industry. Circa 1900. Framed photocopy of early photograph of workers at the case factory. Approximately 48 employees. Wood pile and trees in background, rail line in foreground.box factory, fruit boxes, factories, industry

Booklet produced by Andrew Brown and Phil Cutts to record the interpretative signs used in the Union Jack Education Reserve.union jack reserve, buninyong, education, environmental interpretation, signage

This is a collection of 20 photographs of Royal Australian Survey Corps phases of map production at the School of Military Survey, Bonegilla, the Army Survey Regiment, Bendigo, and the Army Map Depot, Bandiana circa 1990. Colour photos are on 35mm slide film and were scanned at 96 dpi. They are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. Photo .1P was probably taken on a survey station overlooking Lake Hume near Albury-Wodonga. The field party occupying the survey station was likely from a Map Control Survey course conducted by the School of Military Survey, Bonegilla. This survey station was part of a geodetic network used in field survey training and RASvy’s Lake Hume Test Range. Photos .3P to .16P were taken at the Army Survey Regiment, Bendigo and photos .17P & .18P were taken at the Army Map Depot, Bandiana. Photo .19P depicts a map of RASvy’s ARA units before the disbandment of 5th Field Survey Squadron, Perth and 2nd Field Survey Squadron, Sydney in 1990. This is a collection of 20 photographs of map production processes taken at the School of Military Survey, Bonegilla, the Army Survey Regiment, Bendigo, and the Army Map Depot, Bandiana circa 1990. Colour photos are on 35mm slide film and were scanned at 96 dpi. They are part of the Army Survey Regiment’s Collection. Photo .2P is printed on photographic and scanned at 300 dpi. .1) – Photo, colour, c1980s. Geodetic Surveying: AN/PRR-14 Geoceiver antenna on hill surrounding Lake Hume. Series 3 Land Rover, field party tent and survey station beacon in background. .2) – Photo, black & white, c1980s. Geodetic Surveying: AN/PRR-14 Geoceiver antennas set up at the School of Military Survey, Bonegilla, Victoria. .3) – Photo, colour, c1990. Aerotriangulation: Wild PUG4 point transfer device, SSGT Bruce Hammond. .4) – Photo, colour, c1990. Aerotriangulation: Zeiss (Jena) Stecometer, SSGT Bruce Hammond. .5) – Photo, colour, c1990. Aerotriangulation: computer tape maintenance, SSGT Noel McNamara. .6) – Photo, colour, c1990. AUTOMAP 2: computer tape maintenance, SPR Nadine (Paul) Read. .7) - Photo, colour, c1990s. AUTOMAP 2: Optronics 4040 scanning/film output in Lithographic Squadron, SGT Sherri (Dally) Burke. .8) - Photo, colour, c1990s. AUTOMAP 2: Benson verification plotter output, SPR Nadine (Paul) Read. .9) – Photo, colour, c1990. Aerotriangulation: data management, SGT Neil ‘Ned’ Kelly. .10) & .11) - Photo, colour, c1990s. AUTOMAP 2: Wild B8 Aviograph stereoplotter Feature Extraction, unidentified technician. .12) - Photo, colour, c1990s. AUTOMAP 2: Graphic Edit Workstation, SPR Nadine (Paul) Read. .13) - Photo, colour, c1990s. AUTOMAP 2: Graphic Edit Workstation, SPR Dawn Hoadley. .14) & .15) - Photo, colour, c1990s. AUTOMAP 2: Graphic Edit Workstation, unidentified technician. .16) – Photo, colour, c1990s. Heidelberg Speedmaster 102 computer-controlled five colour lithographic offset printing press. .17) & .18) – Photo, colour, c1990s. Army Map Depot, unidentified storeman, Bandiana. .19) – Photo, colour, c1990. RASvy ARA Unit Locations before disbandment of field units in Perth and Sydney. .20) – Photo, colour, c1990. Set of overlapping aerial photography..1P, .3P to .20P - Some equipment is identified on the frame of the 35mm slides.royal australian survey corps, rasvy, army survey regiment, army svy regt, fortuna, asr, school of military survey, army map depot

HO664 Hepburn Planning SchemeDigital Image of the Daylesford Anglican Church after removal of Bunya Bunya Pine in 2015.anglican, church, daylesford, daylesford anglican church, daylesford church of england

This event, captured in a photograph from 1990, reflects the school’s emphasis on celebration, inclusion, and creating lasting memories for its students. The image serves as a valuable historical artifact, preserving a moment of joy and togetherness from a school that no longer exists but remains fondly remembered.This photograph and associated documentation of the 1990 Christmas picnic at Jacana Primary School hold significant historical and cultural value. Captured during a time when the school was a thriving educational and community hub in Melbourne’s northern suburbs, the image reflects the spirit of inclusivity, celebration, and community engagement that defined the school’s ethos. The event exemplifies the school’s commitment to fostering a nurturing and joyful environment for its students. The annual Christmas picnic was more than a festive occasion—it was a communal ritual that brought together children, families, and staff in a shared experience of joy, tradition, and belonging. The 1990 photograph is particularly significant as it: Documents a community tradition that was central to the school’s identity. Captures the diversity and vibrancy of the student body during a formative period in the area’s demographic evolution. Serves as a visual record of a school that no longer exists, following its closure and amalgamation in the early 2000s. Provides a touchstone for memory and heritage, especially for former students, staff, and local residents. As Jacana Primary School has since been closed and redeveloped, this image and its context serve as a rare and valuable artifact. It preserves a moment in time that speaks to the broader narrative of public education, suburban development, and community life in late 20th-century Melbourne.A glossy colour photograph of children with adults.PH18289 (crossed out) PH-4209 (crossed out) PH-4868jacana primary school, christmas picnic, 1990, jacana, education

This photograph from 1990 captures a joyful moment that reflects Jacana Primary School’s commitment to celebration, inclusion, and creating meaningful experiences for its students. As a visual record of a school event, it preserves a sense of togetherness and community spirit from a time when the school played a central role in local life. Though Jacana Primary no longer exists, the image stands as a valuable historical artifact, evoking fond memories and highlighting the enduring impact of school traditions on generations of students and families.This photograph of children at Jacana Primary School’s 1990 Christmas picnic holds important historical and cultural significance. Taken during a time when the school was a vibrant educational and community hub in Melbourne’s northern suburbs, it reflects the school’s ethos of inclusivity, celebration, and strong community engagement.A glossy colour photograph of children with adults.PH18289 (crossed out) PH-4209 (crossed out) PH-4868jacana primary school, christmas picnic, 1990, jacana, education

This 1990 photograph captures a joyful scene of children playing in the park during their end-of-year Christmas party, reflecting Jacana Primary School’s dedication to celebration, inclusion, and creating lasting memories for its students. As a visual record of a cherished school event, it preserves the warmth of community spirit and togetherness from a time when the school was a vibrant hub of local life. Although Jacana Primary has since closed, the image remains a poignant historical artifact—evoking fond memories and underscoring the enduring influence of school traditions on generations of students and families.This photograph, taken in 1990, holds historical and cultural significance as a visual record of Jacana Primary School’s end-of-year Christmas celebration. It captures a moment of joy and community among students, reflecting the school’s commitment to fostering inclusion, celebration, and meaningful experiences. The image embodies the spirit of togetherness that defined Jacana Primary’s role as a central institution in the local community. Although the school no longer exists, the photograph serves as a valuable artifact that preserves the legacy of its traditions and the lasting impact they had on generations of students and families. It stands as a testament to the importance of school life in shaping collective memory and community identity.A glossy colour photograph portrait formatPH18289 (crossed out) PH-4209 (crossed out) PH-4868jacana primary school, christmas picnic, 1990, jacana, education

226 p.; 30 cmnon-fictionA book about the establishment of the Toomuc Valley Orchards and the Kitchen family 1878-1950toomuc valley orchards, kitchen family, orchards, pakenham, caversham, the towers,

86 p.; 30 cmnon-fictionA book about the establishment of the Toomuc Valley Orchards and the Kitchen familytoomuc valley orchards, kitchen family, orchards, pakenham

Illustrated booklet. Silver coloured cover, title in black print on front, along with Alfred Hospital logo.non-fictionCollection of illustrations, photos, articles and memories relating to the Alfred Hospital school of nursing.alfred hospital (melbourne)-history, nursing-history, nursing schools-history

The Ruyton Reporter (formerly known as Ruyton Reports) captures the essential Ruyton Girls' School experience for the broader school community. It has been produced since 1986.The record has strong historic significance as it pertains to one of the oldest girls' school in Victoria, Australia. Ruyton was founded in 1878 in the Bulleen Road, Kew, home of newly widowed Mrs Charlotte Anderson (now High Street South). Thus, the record can be used as a reference example for research into Victorian school history. It also gives insight into the types of activities and events undertaken at Ruyton Girls' School during the period of its production. The record's significance is further enhanced by its exceptionally well-documented provenance, having remained the property of Ruyton Girls' School since its production.Colour publication printed on paper with staple binding. 16 pages.Front Page: 2 / 0 / the RUYTON / REPORTER / 0 / autumn / 1 / Oh! for O'Connor / Front Row L to R: Star of the 2001 Twilight Concert, Caroline O'Connor / with Stephanie Franet, Georgina Smibert and Amelia Batrouney / Back Row L to R: Camilla Hodgson, Alice Bamford, Alice Fraser and Emma Nairn / STOP PRESS / Email: [email protected] / PRINT POST APPROVED / PP 341999 00026 / women of the world: 12 Selbourne Rd / 2000 leavers move forward Kew VIC 3101 / R / RECTE ET FIDE LITER Tel: 9819 2422 / meet the 2001 school leaders / Fax: 9818 4790 / bigger playingfield for girls' sport / ruyton's federation website / www.federation.ruyton.vic.edu.au /ruyton girls' school, ruyton, school, students, newsletter, ruyton reports, ruyton news, kew, victoria, melbourne, girls school

THE NOBBIES VIC. PHILLIP ISLAND VIC.phillip island, victoria, nobbies

The Ruyton Reporter (formerly known as Ruyton Reports) captures the essential Ruyton Girls' School experience for the broader school community. It has been produced since 1986.The record has strong historic significance as it pertains to one of the oldest girls' school in Victoria, Australia. Ruyton was founded in 1878 in the Bulleen Road, Kew, home of newly widowed Mrs Charlotte Anderson (now High Street South). Thus, the record can be used as a reference example for research into Victorian school history. It also gives insight into the types of activities and events undertaken at Ruyton Girls' School during the period of its production. The record's significance is further enhanced by its exceptionally well-documented provenance, having remained the property of Ruyton Girls' School since its production.Colour publication printed on paper with staple binding. 12 pages.Front Page: 2 / 0 / the RUYTON / REPORTER / 0 / spring / 0 / welcome Mrs Anderson / Board President Fay Marles AM greets our new Principal, Carolyn Anderson / STOP PRESS / Email: [email protected] / PRINT POST APPROVED / PP 341999 00026 / As our School Song says... 12 Selbourne Rd / "At sport we've made a lasting name / Our Old Girls too uphold our fame" Kew VIC 3101 / R / Congratulations to Olympians, RECTE ET FIDE LITER Tel: 9819 2422 / Georgina Douglas ('90) 5th in Single Sculls / Claire Mitchell-Taverner ('88) member of Fax: 9818 4790 / the Gold Medal Hockeyroos team / Visit our NEW Website: www.ruyton.vic.edu.au /ruyton girls' school, ruyton, school, students, newsletter, ruyton reports, ruyton news, kew, victoria, melbourne, girls school

The Ruyton Reporter (formerly known as Ruyton Reports) captures the essential Ruyton Girls' School experience for the broader school community. It has been produced since 1986.The record has strong historic significance as it pertains to one of the oldest girls' school in Victoria, Australia. Ruyton was founded in 1878 in the Bulleen Road, Kew, home of newly widowed Mrs Charlotte Anderson (now High Street South). Thus, the record can be used as a reference example for research into Victorian school history. It also gives insight into the types of activities and events undertaken at Ruyton Girls' School during the period of its production. The record's significance is further enhanced by its exceptionally well-documented provenance, having remained the property of Ruyton Girls' School since its production.Colour publication printed on paper with staple binding. 16 pages.Front Page: 2 / 0 / the RUYTON / REPORTER / 0 / summer / 1 / THE GREAT / debate / Back (L-R): James Watson, Brendan Ferguson (Scotch College / School Captain), and John Ronan (Scotch Debating Prefect) / Front Row (L-R): Emma Purdue, Emma Peyton and Nicole / Siemensma (Ruyton Debating Captain) for more see Page 9 / STOP PRESS / Email: [email protected] / PRINT POST APPROVED / PP 341999 00026 / Global Girls 12 Selbourne Rd / Focus on Junior School: Kew VIC 3101 / R / Fairies, Hobbits & Goblins RECTE ET FIDE LITER Tel: 9819 2422 / Saints and Inquiring Minds / Fax: 9818 4790 / New International Links / 2002 Twilight Concert / Rock 'n Roll at Ruyton /ruyton girls' school, ruyton, school, students, newsletter, ruyton reports, ruyton news, kew, victoria, melbourne, girls school