Index, bib, ill, maps, p.224.Within three months of the Japanese entering World War II on December 8, 1941 over 22 000 Australians had become prisoners-of-war. They went into camps in Timor, Ambon, New Britain, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Singapore and Malaya, and a few were scattered to other points in what was briefly part of the Japanese empire. Later most of the prisoners were to be shifted further north into South-east Asia, Formosa, Korea, Manchuria and Japan itself. They were captives within lands and cultures and to experiences alien to those known to all other Australians. At the end of the war in August 1945, 14315 servicemen and thirty service women were alive to put on new, loose-fitting uniforms and go home. One in three of the prisoners had died. That is, nearly half of the deaths suffered by Australians in the war in the Pacific were among men and women who had surrendered. Another 8174 Australians had been captured in the fighting in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: but of these men only 265 died as a result of wounds, disease or execution.By any quantitative measure the imprisonment of so many Australians is a major event in Australian history. For many soldiers it was living --and dying --in captivity which made World War II different from that of World War I. But the prisoners have received no permanent place in Australian history. Their story is not immediately recalled on celebratory occasions. In a general history of the nation in which a chapter is given to the war the prisoners might be mentioned in a sentence, or part of a sentence. Where the horror, stoicism and gallantry of Gallipoli have become part of a common tradition shared by all Australians, the ex-prisoners are granted just the horror. The public may be sympathetic; but the horror is for the prisoners alone. To make another comparison: in five months of fighting on the Kokoda Trail in 1942 the Australians lost 625 dead, less than the number who died on Ambon. Yet the events on Ambon are unknown to most Australians. There were no reporters or cameramen on Ambon and, for the 309 who defended Ambon's Laha airfield, no survivors. How many of them died in battle or died as prisoners will never be known. But there are more than just practical reasons why the record of the prisoners of war is so slight and uneven in the general knowledge of Australians. They have not tried to find out. No historian has written a book to cover the range of camps and experiences, and only in specialist medical publications has anyone investigated the impact of prison life on subsequent physical and mental health. The complexity of the experience and its impact on particular lives have not been expressed in a way to give them significance for other Australians.world war 1939 – 1945 - prisons and prisoners – japanese, world war 1939-1945 - personal narrativies - australia

Ill, maps, p.244.non-fictionThe Carthew brothers participated in some of history's most legendary battles, but theirs is more than a story of guns and bullets - it is also a lovestory; of the love and devotion of three brothers for their womenfolk and their country.world war 1914-1918 - personal narratives, world war 1914-1918 - campaigns - gallipoli

Index, bib, ill, maps, p.296.non-fictionThe simple tale of Simpson and his donkey is the pre-eminent legend of heroism. It is the story of a humble water-carrier, a rescuer of wounded men, a tale of compassion, stoic persistence, with a tragic end. His tale is an integral part of the Anzac story. Across time, a simple tale can acquire a complicated history. This is what happened to the man with the donkey and is the subject of this book, Simpson's 'afterlife', the legend.world war 1914-1918 - campaigns - gallipoli, gallipoli campaign - medical corps - history

Three photographs relating to a Lone Pine planted at Ballan Victoriaballan, world war, world war one, lone pine, gallipoli, mmm

On 11th august 1915, Grace Wilson, an Australian matron on Lemnos, wrote of some of her Gallipoli patrons. australia. army. australian army nursing service - history, history of nursing, australian army nursing service

As Australia commemorates the 100th Anniversary of the ANZAC landing at Gallipoli, it is both saddening and heart warming to pause and reflect on those who died serving their communities and their country as surf lifesavers.soldiers -- australia, surf lifesaving (aquatic sports)

The Australian Cycling Corps was formed in Egypt in 1916 as part of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF), and fought on the Western Front in France and Belgium during World War I. They were used mainly as despatch riders, while also conducting reconnaissance and patrolling. It was disbanded in 1919.When the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) was reorganised and expanded in Egypt in 1916 following its evacuation from Gallipoli, each of its five infantry divisions was allocated a company of cyclists Green coloured bicycle complete with mud guards over front and rear wheels with carrier attached.dispatch riders bicycle, ww1, australian cycling corps

Medals belonged to Private Thomas E. Rollings 1983 who was born at Tallangatta and served with 24th Battalion AIF. Black timber frame containing bronze coloured star shaped metal medal with ribbon and a gold-coloured metal badge/medallion mounted on red felt."1983 / Pte. Thomas E. Rollings / 24th Battalion A.I.F."gallipoli star, medal, anzac, wwi, world war one, 24th battalion

This black and white mage depicts large group of men dressed in military uniform of the Light Horse - with most wearing bandoliers and slouch hat, some with emu plumes. The 13th Light Horse Regiment was formed at Broadmeadows in Victoria in March 1915; it was the third light horse regiment to have been raised in that state. Its regimental number quickly led to it becoming known as the "Devil's Own" regiment. It left Australia on 28 May and disembarked in Egypt on 29 June 1915. In 1921, Australia's part-time military forces were re-organised to perpetuate the numerical designations of the AIF following its demobilisation. Through this process, the 13th Light Horse was re-raised as a Citizens Forces unit in Victoria, adopting the territorial designation of the "Gippsland Light Horse". In 1939, the regiment was amalgamated with the 19th Light Horse to become the 13th/19th Light Horse.In August 1940, during the opening stages of the Second World War, the 13th was re-formed in its own right. It was later mechanised and re-designated the "13th Motor Regiment". In May 1942, it was converted into an armoured regiment – designated as the "13th Armoured Regiment" – as part of the 2nd Armoured Division's 6th Armoured Brigade, which had been formed for defensive duties to guard against a possible invasion of mainland Australia. After moving to Puckapunyal in July, the regiment was equipped with M3 Grant tanks. Further training was undertaken in Murgon, Queensland, throughout 1943. By that time, manpower within the Army was scarce and as the threat of an invasion by the Japanese diminished during the year, so too did the need for large-scale armoured forces. A number of armoured units were subsequently disbanded as men and equipment were reallocated as the Army reorganised for jungle warfare. As a result, the 13th was disbanded in October 1943. In the post war period, the unit was perpetuated by the 8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles, which existed between 1948 and 1991–92. During WWI three light horse regiments were raised in Victoria for the AIF, the 4th ALH, the 8th ALH and the 13th ALH. These regiments served with distinction at Gallipoli, in the Middle East and on the Western Front.Wide and narrow rectangle shaped black painted frame with gold colour mount and four silver metal screws in each corner. The frame contains a black and white photograph depicting a large group of men dressed in military uniform with bandoliers and slouch hat, some with emu plumes. A small black strip of plastic is attached in the centre of lower edge.Front - 13th Light Horse Rear - 2nd Division Cavalry School Broadmeadows 20-09-1935victoria, 13th light horse

Photo - Digitalgallipoli, 2015, sarah birtles, wreath, bbhtnl

Photo - Digitalgallipoli, 2015, wreath, bbhtnl

collectables, ballarat rsl, ballarat

photo/pictures, ballarat rsl, ballarat

photo/pictures, ballarat rsl, ballarat

photo/pictures, ballarat rsl, ballarat

Metal pointed blade with a Brass handle

A gift from the Turkish Consulate for the 100th Anniversary of Gallipoli.A framed gravure print by Erol Yildirim, edition is numbered as 48/100, and dated as 2015. The subject matter is concerned with Turkish military campaigns. On the revers of the print is a label with the following information. 'Biography of the Artist / Colonel Erol YILDIRIM (Ret'd) Born in 1959 in Bolu / Turkey, he completed his secondary education in Izmir, and began his military education at the Army War College in 1977. His career in arts started by attending the art club of the military college. He has organised 9 private exhibitions and taken part in 52 group exhibitions. He has won the following 8 awards. - 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Artmajeur Silver Awards - 2014 The XV Ex lib's Biennial as 'Selected exlibris' Miata Museum Ostrow Wielkopolski - POLAND - 2014 The 3rd Guangzhou International Exlibirs and Mini Print Biennial as 'selected exlibris guangzhou china' erol yildirim, turkey, print, artworks, war, turkish soldiers

Postcards were a common form of souvenirs for soldiers who were travelling around Europe either during World War 1 or just after, before returning to Australia. The link to Legacy is not known but there are many postcards are in the collection.Postcards were a very common form of communication in the first World War. This postcard also records the war for those who didn't have cameras. This type of souvenir would have been familiar to the first Legatees as they had served in World War 1 and many had served at Gallipoli.The postcard's image depicts a field of white canvas tents line the background. Several people can be seen cutting wood in the foreground, standing just behind a wire fence. world war one, souvenir

Postcards were a common form of souvenirs for soldiers who were travelling either during World War 1, or just after, or while returning to Australia. Was with other World War 1 memorabilia that has come from Private John Basil McLean, 2nd Reinforcements, 37th Battalion, A.I.F. J.B. McLean (Service No. 13824) was from near Maffra, Victoria and enlisted on 22 January 1916. He embarked on 16 December 1916 for Europe. His full war record is available from AWM. He spent time with the Australian Field Artillery (Pack Section). At the end of the war he worked for a year at the A.I.F. Headquarters in London before returning to Australia on the 'Ceramic', arriving Portsea in 1920.Postcards were a very common form of communication in the first World War. This postcard also records Gallipoli for those who didn't have cameras. This type of souvenir would have been familiar to the first Legatees as they had served in World War 1 and many had served at Gallipoli.Postcard showing black and white image of the bridge at Rodah, Guizeh (Giza). Several figures and a tram are also pictured crossing the bridge. A black postal stamp in the top left quadrant of the postcard indicates it was posted from Cairo. The back of the postcard contains a message. Based on the date and location it was posted from, the text could be Egyptian Arabic or it could be Pitman shorthand.Front - “(Guizeh) Nouveau grand pont de Rodah - (Guizeh) New large bridge at Rodah.” Back - “J/15/1912/ CARTE POSTALE / M J?. Hinaul / 20 Rue de Landrecies/ Le Cateau (Nord)/ France/ Ghino Dukich, 21 Rue Nubar Pacha - Le Caire, Egypte/ Serie A No. 25. Reproduction interdite” Stamps - Postes Egyptiennes/ Un Millieme”souvenir, war correspondence

Photograph of members of 32 Casualty Clearing Stationphoto, ww2, army

Private Charles Field Richardson, 6 Bn., AIF, was the brother of the historian Dorothy Richardson. He enrolled in the AIF on 17 August 1914. Before he enrolled he worked as a mechanic in Harry Cooper’s ‘Kew Flyer’ bicycle shop in Cotham Road. His address is recorded on the Embarkation Rolls as 80 Gladstone Street. He embarked for Europe on the HMAT Hororata on 17 August. The Hororata had been fitted out for 2,000 troops and 124 horses. Charles Richardson was to die of wounds in Egypt on 3 May 1915 at the age of 21 and is buried in Alexandria. Formal and official documents such as these, recording sacrifice in the First World War were socially and spiritually significant to the deceased soldier's close relatives. The home made frame emphasises that the Rogers family valued these documents and wanted them presented visually as a group. The documents have added significance locally as Charles Field Richardson was the brother of the historian Dorothy Rogers. The Collection includes postcards that he sent from Alexandria to his sister and photographs of Pte Richardson in uniform and at the pyramids. He was wounded at Gallipoli and died in hospital in Alexandria.The frame holds three documents, two of which, the signed letters from Buckingham palace are identical. The central scroll records Charles Field Richardson’s death and his contribution to King and Country.pte charles field richardson, 6th battalion aif, first world war, rogers collection, documents

North Melbourne, Vic. : Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2012 : xvii, 364 pages : illustrations, facsimiles, portraits ; 25 cm non-fiction"The Great War profoundly touched the lives of Australian teachers, school children and local communities, and with lasting consequences. Every teacher had the task of explaining the war to their students. Many teachers, a disproportionately large number, fought and died, and were joined by their older students. For years after, the names of those who fell were respectfully displayed on school honor boards, in honor books and remembered by other commemorative means, including through the introduction of Anzac Day. How teachers and school communities were affected by patriotic appeals and activities, and how they responded to the long years of grim news from Gallipoli, the Western Front and other sites of training, fighting and convalescence, is revealed in an account that historians, general readers and today's students will find illuminating and deeply moving." --Back cover.ww1, first world war, schools, education, wwi

Most of the civic and sporting ephemera assembled by Francis Rigg were patriotic buttons. The use of these buttons as a means of raising revenue through patriotic sentiment occurred soon after Australia pledged allegiance to Empire. Buttons reflected ‘public sentiment, courage, patriotism, generosity and several [un- named] virtues’ such as the martyred mother of a ‘fallen’ hero. Attention was paid to attractiveness of design, encoded symbolism and high quality of production. Expressing ‘loyalty’, they were tokens to be kept for perpetuity. Female labour was used to operate the die that compressed the tin backing, photographic print and celluloid cover together. The pin was applied by hand. Women, of all ages, entered into the spirit of voluntary sales. Often they were sold at the entry and exit points of major pedestrian thoroughfares. The women of Kew set up a kiosk in front of the Post Office and the Railway Station to solicit their round, oval and square shaped wares. Pride in salesmanship was affected by publishing the name of the woman and her fiscal achievement in the major newspapers of the day. The badges form part of a collection of ephemera originally purchased by Francis Horace Rigg (19/10/1882-05/03/1946) of 50 Belford Road, Kew (Vic.). Frances Rigg was a local business identity in Kew, ultimately managing the local branch of the English, Scottish and Australian (ES&A) Bank at 175 High Street, Kew from c. 1920 until the 1940s. After Francis Rigg’s death, the collection of buttons and badges was inherited by his son, Ken Rigg (14/11/1922-19/01/2014). The collection was subsequently donated to the Kew Historical Society in 2015 by his grandson Adrian Rigg during the Gallipoli and Beyond Commemoration.The collection covers a period of almost 40 years. The majority of the badges are patriotic buttons, issued and sold during and immediately after World War 1 to raise funds for national and overseas causes. The collection also includes a number of locally significant sporting event buttons and sporting club medallions, issued in the 1920s and 1930s.The use of common symbols for a range of purposes is sometimes a feature of wartime and post-war fundraising buttons. Like the ‘Hospital Day 1919’ badge, the ‘Come Back to God’ badge is within a seven pointed star on a dark blue ground with sprays of wattle; attempting to harness nationalism with religion.Come back to Godbutton

Most of the ephemera assembled by Francis Rigg were patriotic buttons but also included come sporting event buttons including two associated with the East Kew Citizens Sports Carnival. The subdivision of the area now known as Kew East commenced before World War 1, but it was not until the 1920s that it became fully developed. At this time, there was a strong Progress Association and this body raised funds to purchase land and build the East Kew Citizen’s Hall in Normandy Road, the first stage of which was completed in 1922. This hall was designed to be extended, although this never occurred, and the building now forms part of the facilities of the East Kew Uniting Church. The ‘East Kew Citizens Sports Carnival’ may well have been a fundraiser event for the building fund. As far as is known, the carnival was only held for a couple of years.Frances Rigg was a local business identity in Kew, at one stage managing the local branch of the English, Scottish and Australian (ES&A) Bank at 175 High Street from c. 1920 until the 1940s. After Francis Rigg’s death, the collection of buttons and medallions was inherited by his son, Ken Rigg (1922-2014). The collection was subsequently donated to the Kew Historical Society in 2015 by Francis' grandson, Adrian Rigg, at the time of the Gallipoli & Beyond Commemoration in 2015. The collection covers a period of almost 40 years. The majority of the buttons are patriotic buttons, issued and sold during and immediately after the First World World War (1914-1918) to raise funds for national and overseas causes. The collection also includes a number of locally significant sporting event buttons and sporting club medallions, issued in the 1920s and 1930s.A circular badge produced for the East Kew Citizens Sports Carnival in 1924. The badge has a ground of vertical stripes in shades of blue. The name of the event is within a white circular band. A white shield in the centre includes the words “Admit” which would indicate that the badge was purchased and worn on the day of the carnival to indicate that the wearer had paid the admission fee."East Kew Citizens Sports Carnival / Admit 13 Dec. 1924"kew east, sport buttons

Most of the ephemera assembled by Francis Rigg were patriotic buttons but also included come sporting event buttons including two associated with the East Kew Citizens Sports Carnival. The subdivision of the area now known as Kew East commenced before World War 1, but it was not until the 1920s that it became fully developed. At this time, there was a strong Progress Association and this body raised funds to purchase land and build the East Kew Citizen’s Hall in Normandy Road, the first stage of which was completed in 1922. This hall was designed to be extended, although this never occurred, and the building now forms part of the facilities of the East Kew Uniting Church. The ‘East Kew Citizens Sports Carnival’ may well have been a fundraiser event for the building fund. As far as is known, the carnival was only held for a couple of years.Frances Rigg was a local business identity in Kew, at one stage managing the local branch of the English, Scottish and Australian (ES&A) Bank at 175 High Street from c. 1920 until the 1940s. After Francis Rigg’s death, the collection of buttons and medallions was inherited by his son, Ken Rigg (1922-2014). The collection was subsequently donated to the Kew Historical Society in 2015 by Francis' grandson, Adrian Rigg, at the time of the Gallipoli & Beyond Commemoration in 2015. The collection covers a period of almost 40 years. The majority of the buttons are patriotic buttons, issued and sold during and immediately after the First World World War (1914-1918) to raise funds for national and overseas causes. The collection also includes a number of locally significant sporting event buttons and sporting club medallions, issued in the 1920s and 1930s.A circular button produced for the East Kew Citizens Sports Carnival in 1922. The button has a ground of vertical stripes in shades of blue. The name of the event is within a white circular band. A white shield in the centre that includes the words “Admit” would indicate that the badge was purchased and worn on the day of the carnival to indicate that the wearer had paid the admission fee. "East Kew Citizens Sports Carnival, Admit 2nd December 1922"east kew, east kew citizens sports carnival, sports, badge, numismatics, francis rigg