From the premises of Auctioneers James and Bird in the early 20th century. It was a small building beside abandoned shop on the corner of Tarra & Nicholson Streets. An early 20th century light switch from the James and Bird premises. It is painted pastel green and has large screws poking out through the mounting block. The two fuses were originally white porcelain and have been painted over. The brass fixtures have been painted over.On back -1917 electric lightlight-switch james-and-bird lighting

This print of Christ is slightly smaller than the original 1927 oil painting by Herbert Beecroft, which is titled “Christ” and measures, in centimetres, 60 high by 50 wide. The original is displayed at John Wesley’s House & The Museum of Methodism in Islington, England. The title of the print is taken from the Holy Bible, from the New Testament book of Luke, chapter 22 verse 61, which is a famous Christian account of Jesus being betrayed by Peter, which leads to Jesus’ crucifixion; “And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice.”. The print was published in 1942 by the National Sunday School Union in England, now known as the National Christian Education Council. The NSSU was established in Britain in 1803 to promote Sunday Schools in Britain and overseas. The organisation produced many publications including training manuals and materials for Sunday School teachers. Herbert Beecroft 1864-1951, also known as Lawrence Herbert Beecroft, was an early 20th-century artist. He and his wife emigrated from England to Sydney, Australia, in 1905. He worked as a painter, illustrator, miniaturist ‘lightning cartoonist’, and lecturer. From 1927 Beecroft painted a series of portraits of Jesus Christ, prints of which made many worldwide sales. He entered a miniature portrait in the 1921 inaugural Archibald Prize competition. It was one of forty-one entries but the title was unknown. It is highly probable that it was JF Archibald, the person who endowed the prize, first awarded in 1921. This print of Christ, originally painted by Herbert Beecroft, represents the social movement in the early 20th century to educate all children in good morals and Christianity.A religious portrait of the artist’s impression of Jesus. The print is in a gilt timber frame behind glass. The frame has eyelets and wire for hanging. The backing paper lifts to reveal a handwritten pencil inscription. The portrait shows a male figure from the waist up facing the viewer but turned slightly to his right. He has long wavy blond hair, a moustache and a beard. He wears a blue-grey robe over a collarless white shirt. The background is red-brown. It is the artist’s impression of Jesus. The whole frame-mat has script text above and below the print, giving its title, and details of the publisher and producer. This print was produced from an original 1927 oil painting by Herbert Beecroft. It was published in 1942 by The National Sunday School Union in London and produced by Frost & Reed Ltd. England. Handwritten script on the mat; “Published in 1942 by the National Sunday School Union, 4 Black Friars Lane, London, EC4. Produced by Frost & Reed Ltd., Bristol & London. Printed in England. Copyright.” and, “The Lord turned and looked upon Peter … and Peter remembered” Signature on bottom left “Herbert Beecroft” In pencil on backboard under back paper “H 89 / 12”. Pen on white tape “155”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, print, religious, vintage, 1942, herbert beecroft, lawrence herbert beecroft, archibald prize winner, early 20th-century, artist, oil painting, luke 22:61

c. Labelled "Collecting Vessel" pre 20th Century, like 102a.

Records the Flintoff family's ownership of parcels of land in the Greensborough area. Includes a survey plan for acquisition of land for the aqueduct 1897.Various photocopies of title documents relating to land owned by the Flintoff family in Greensborough.Mainly handwritten documents dating from early 20th century.flintoff family, land titles, greensborough, aqueduct

This photograph was taken in the 1960s of the Lake Sambell Swimming Pool with the lake itself in the background. The swimming pool area has multiple features including park benches, a water slide, and a fenced area with a diving pontoon for lap swimming and racing. Lake Sambell Swimming Pool was completed in 1961, driven largely by R.E. Carter, Beechworth shire engineer from 1954-63. Carter advocated for improvements to the lake and surrounding area in order to encourage tourism in Beechworth. The opening of the swimming pool was part of many improvements to Lake Sambell made during this period by Carter including establishing the caravan park in 1959, water skiing and boating facilities, and increasing the lake surface in 1964. These improvements were financed mainly by grants from the Tourist Development Authority. For many decades, members of the local Beechworth community had advocated for the development of swimming pool at the lake that would include a safe wadding area and Olympic standard lanes for laps and races. Throughout the 1940s the Beechworth Swimming Club tried to raise awareness and funds to address the structural engineering issues, raise the water levels, and improve swimming facilities at the lake. Beechworth Swimming Club hosted a swimming carnival at the lake in 1948, but it was decided due to several issues at the event, that no further carnivals would be hosted until necessary improvements were made to the area. Swimming pools, both artificial and built into natural environments, were an extremely popular public space throughout the 20th century in Australia. Increasing in accessibility and popularity through such developments as less restrictive swimming outfits during 1920s, public building works during the 1920s and 30s, and an increase in leisure time during a period of post-war prosperity. This photograph is of historical significance as it documents the newly established Lake Sambell Swimming Pool in the 1960s after many decades of discussion and proposals around creating a safe swimming area at the lake. Further, this photograph provides important social insights into the facilities and uses of this pool in the 1960s, and underlines the significant role public swimming pools have played in Australian social and recreational experiences. Black and white rectangle photograph printed on photographic paper and unmounted.Reverse: 3537 / C798lake sambell swimming pool, lake sambell water slide, water slide 1960s, lake sambell pontoon, lake sambell 1960s, lake swimming pool, lake swimming, beechworth swimming club, swimming pools in the 20th century, r.e. carter, tourist development authority, beechworth 1960s, lake water slide, lake sambell, wadding pool, swimming, swimming pool 1960s, leisure, recreation 1960s

A child (possibly Alison Watson b1948 in Murtoa, Victoria) standing next to a toy pedal car.pedal car, toys, toys mid 20th century, childrens' clothing mid 20th century

Index, bibliography, ill, maps, p.625.non-fictionIn the wake of the September 11th horror, nothing could be timelier than this exploration of world terrorism and the forces that fight it--armies and missions often shrouded in mystery. A foremost expert on guerrilla warfare presents, for the first time, a comprehensive investigation of covert military operations from Vietnam to Afghanistan. Among the revelations: that the CIA handed out shoulder-fired antiaircraft missiles "like lollipops" to Osama bin Laden and other mujahadeen leaders, weapons they may now turn against us how British SAS operated inside Afghanistan against the Russians and used "former special forces" personnel for clandestine missions why secret militia and locally recruited fighters successfully defeated guerrillas and terrorists in Oman, Malaya, and Borneo, but could not in Indochina and Algeria and how "fighting dirty" sometimes meant helping drug dealers in exchange for their support. Most relevant is the detailed analysis of why Russia failed to conquer Afghanistan, what we can learn from their experience, and the perils awaiting any invader. special forces - operations - 20th century, special forces - operations - 20th century

ill (maps), p.608.non-fictionA summary of the over 100 conflicts that have occurred since 1945 military history - 20th century, revolutions - 20th century

p.398.non-fictionExplores the idea that the war of 1914-1918 continues and will shape the world in the 20th centurymodern history - 20th century, politics - 20th century

Index, bibliography, notes, ill, maps, p.1107.non-fictionReaching back into the long history of invasion, occupation and colonization in the region, Robert Fisk sets forth information in a way that makes clear how a history of injustice "has condemned the Middle East to war." He lays open the role of the West in the seemingly endless strife and warfare in the region, traces the growth of the West's involvement and influence there over the past one hundred years, and outlines the West's record of support for some of the most ruthless leaders in the Middle East. He chronicles the ever-more-powerful military presence of the United States and tracks the consequent, increasingly virulent anti-Western - and particularly anti-American - sentiment among the region's Muslim populationsmiddle east - history - 20th century, middle east - international involvement - 20th century

Index, bibliography, notes, ill, p.488.non-fictionA biography of Keith Officer, soldier, conservative politician and diplomataustralian - foreign relations - 20th century, diplomatic service - australia - 20th century

Index, ill, p.319.non-fictionA comprehensive encyclopaedia of the worlds navies and their warshipsnavies - history - 20th century, warships - history - 20th century

Index, ill, p.400.non-fictionChronological pictorial and textual description of 20th century conflictmilitary history - 20th century, world politics - 20th century

Index, bib, ill, p.453.non-fictionThis book unravels the complex workings of these deadly secret armies hidden from public scrutinyspecial forces - operations - 20th century, military history - 20th century

Gregory Pemberton provides clear, scholarly, objective analysis of how Australia became involved in the Vietnam War. he unravels skillfully and systematically the complex skein of political and military events which led the Menzies Government to embark on this tragic commitment. He provides the most thorough and dispassionate account of Australian-American relations in the 1950s and 60s yet published.vietnamese conflict, 1961-1975 - participation, australian, australia - foreign relations - 20th century., united states - foreign relations - 20th century.

This book has come into being through default of any comprehensive treatment of Giap in the two major roles for which he has achieved world notice.vietnam history - 20th century, vietnam - politics and government - 20th century, north v, north vietnam, dien bien phu, red river delta, battle of vinh yen

Gripping story of guerrilla warfare the men, the tactics and the weapons Guerrillas versus elite military forcesmilitary history, modern - 20th century, guerrillas - history - 20th century

Guerilla tactics are as old as warfare itself, and have always been the last resort of the weak against the strong.guerrilla warfare - history - 20th century, military history, modern - 20th century

Sydney : Readers Digest Services Pty Ltd, 1974 360 p. : ill.(some col.), facsims., maps, ports. ; 31 cm. non-fictionCyril Pearl provided historical guidance and contributed much of the textaustralia -- social conditions -- 20th century, australia -- social life and customs -- 20th century, australia -- biography., australia -- social conditions 1901-1970

Used in the late 19th or early 20th century.A large triangular shaped metal blade tin cutter for manually opening kerosene and petrol tin lids which were often recycled for use on farms in the 19th and early 20th century. It has a rectangular shaped tubular steel handle attached to the top side by two rivets. On one of the triangular points of the blade is the manufacturer's brand ' Chapman and Co, Enfield S.A'. It was Australian made.'Chapman and Co, Enfield S..A'. tin openers, tools, tin cutter, farming equipment

Lists of Cohn late 19th early 20th century [no date] shareholders.date 188..bendigo, industry, cohn bros brewery

Bolt-head flasks, 19th & 20th Century, Bohemian Kavalier Glass.

Three early 20th century tennis balls (.1 - .3). Materials: Rubber, Felttennis

The Fashion & Textiles collections of Kew Historical Society include a number of art or household textiles manufactured or created in the United Kingdom as well as in Australia. As other cultures opened to Australian travellers in the 20th century, members began collecting and donating textiles produced in a number of other countries. Evening bag constructed from two silk embroidered Chinese rank badges. Authentic badges would have been used on Imperial court costumes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The badges that comprise the bag are identical and were probably sold as souvenirs in Hong Kong during the 20th century. bags, evening bags, mandarin squares, chinese rank badges

This baker’s wagon (or cart) was used to transport and deliver bread and other baked goods in the Warrnambool area. It is currently decorated with signwriting advertising H.H. Smith, Baker who owned and operated his Warrnambool bakery in the late 19th and early 20th century. The design of this baker’s wagon is similar to others dating around the 1930’s and 1940’s and was likely to have been built around that time for Stephenson’s Bakery in Warrnambool. The wagon’s original internal shelves were removed due to it being used in the early days at Flagstaff Hill to give children rides around the Village. BAKERS’ HISTORY There were many bakeries in Warrnambool in the 19th to mid-20th century. Each bread bakery made bread deliveries by horse and wagon in their appointed delivery zone. This wagon has sign writing representing Smith’s bakery although it is most likely the delivery wagon of Stephenson’s bakery. SMITH’S BAKERY – as shown on the wagon’s signage Henry Huntington Smith (1857-1941) was born and educated in Warrnambool. He worked at Davis’ steam biscuit factory in Timor Street before he started his own bakery business in 1885 at a premises near the corner of Fairy and Koroit Streets. A few years later Smith built his new bakery on the corner of Fairy and Lava Street where it still stands today as Monaghan’s Pharmacy. The building was designed by James McLeod in 1892 as a bakehouse, shop and residence for Smith The address was known locally as Smith’s corner. Next door to the bakery, at 136 Fairy Street, were Stables built by Jobbins and McLeod in 1886 for William Cust. A photograph in the archives of the Warrnambool and District Historical Society shows the 1892 building with four fancy horse-drawn wagons on the street with white clad drivers and a promotional stand erected with 5 bakers in uniform and the signage “H H Smith & Co, Pastry Cooks and Confectioners”. One of the wagons appears to have “H H Smith” painted on the side. H.H. Smith & Co. placed an Advertisement in the Weekly Times in December 1896 promoting its business as bakers, confectioners and pastry cooks, praising their shop as an ‘ornament to the town’ with ‘neat appointments’ and ‘dainty decorations’. It also boasted that the business supplied a large number of customers within a twelve mile radius of Warrnambool. In November 1919 The Warrnambool Standard announced the marriage of Henry H Smith, Mayor of Warrnambool, to Jeannie Samson-Goodman in East Adelaide. In the same newspaper was a notice that Frank Crossley was to open as baker and pastry cook in H.H. Smith’s premises. As well as being the proprietor of the H.H. Smith Bakery, Henry Huntington Smith was a Councillor for the Warrnambool Municipality from 1913 – 1937 and Mayer for two terms. In December 1919 during his first term as Mayor he was honoured for the work he had done with returning soldiers after World War I, receiving a document in recognition of this work, presented by the Mothers, Wives and Sisters of returned soldiers. Smith was very interested and involved in the community in many roles, including being the Vice President of the first Warrnambool and District Historical Society. STEPHENSON’S BAKERY – believed to be the past owner of the wagon The last owner of the bakery was Harold Stephenson. Stephenson was enlisted in the A.I.F. and was invalided home in 1943 before the end of the Second World War. He also served as a Councillor 1958-1976, during which time he served six terms as Mayor for the City of Warrnambool (1966-1973) while he had the bakery. He was very involved in many local organisations including the Warrnambool Surf Life Saving Club and the Road Race Committee. He died in 1985, lauded as being one of Warrnambool’s “most distinguished civic leaders”. It has been said that the baker injured in World War II invented a special contraption to enable him to get up into the wagon and that he alerted his customers that he was in their vicinity by blowing a whistle. The customers would come out and choose their own bread from the back of his wagon then pay him for it. However another account is given by a man who once earned pocket money by helping the baker on his rounds. He says that it was Stephenson, the owner and manager of the bakery, and not the delivery baker who received a significant injury during the war, making him unable to climb the stairs of his upstairs accommodation at the bakery, therefore causing him to sleep downstairs. At this time in the early to late 1940’s Stephenson’s bakery had three wagons, one for each of the delivery rounds. The wagons were painted black and yellow. Two of the drivers were Stan Lake and Ali (Alec) Dean who both had wagons with the covered cabin design. The third driver was Bill Lake who had a flat wagon. Stan Lake delivered in the area around Lava and Koroit Streets, Ali Dean had another round and Bill Lake had the Dennington area. Bread continued to be delivered into the 1960’s but by this time the delivery vehicles were motorised. The goods produced at Stephenson’s bakery included breads baked in different shaped tins such as High Tin, Sandwich and Vienna. Some shapes were easily divided into half by breaking them apart, therefore the baker could make two quarter loaves from a half loaf, satisfying different needs. There was the option of white or brown bread, sweet buns, fruit buns and Boston buns. The baker’s assistant was known to take great delight in ‘trimming’ the broken halves of excess bread and crust, enjoying his treat. THE BAKERY PREMISES – South east corner of Fairy and Lava Streets, Warrnambool The building retains the original cast iron veranda. Above the veranda a motif of a wheat sheaf in ornamental plaster can be seen. Inside the building there are still has some of the original fittings. The building was classified by the National Trust in August 1979. After the Second World War an official system of zoning was introduced as a fair way for the baking industry to operate. In 1949 different pricing was introduced by the Government for either delivered or retail purchased bread. Many of the small local bakeries went out of business after the Government banned zoning. The way was made open for the larger bread manufacturers to enter the local market with cheaper prices. Some of those companies were Mc Queens, Tip Top, Twisties, Sunicrust, (Mc Queens ‘new’ bakery building was where the current Toyworld shop now stands, is, in the Ozone carpark.) O’Grady’s Bakery, later changing hands and known as Burkes Bakery, was in Fairy Street near Timor Street intersection, on the North West side. There was also a bakery named Almay. The baker’s wagon is significant because of its association with H.H. Smith’s Bakery in Warrnambool.. The H.H. Smith’s Bakery building on the corner of Fairy and Lava Streets, built in 1892, is classified by the National Trust, August 1979. Smith Street Warrnambool was named after Henry Huntington Smith, who was a Warrnambool Councillor 1913 – 1937 and Mayor 1919 – 1921. Baker’s wagon, often referred to as a baker’s cart. Four wheeled horse-drawn delivery wagon, front wheels smaller than rear wheels. Wagon is clad with metal sheets and lined with varnished timber panels. Wheels have metal rims, wooden spokes and rear wheels have wooden brake pads. Horse shaft is timber with metal fittings. Front has a metal lamp holder, brake lever, metal hand grips and decorative metal foot plates. The wagon has suspension leaves on back and sides and double suspension leaves on the front. Driver’s area at front has a roof, glass side windows and wooden box seat with hinged compartment accessing wagon storage area. Door above back of seat has buckled leather handgrip strap attached, door slides open for access to wagon area. Back of wagon has a wooden step and a split door; top door has ventilation louvers, both doors have metal latches. Wagon is painted cream with brown trim and signage and green step. Remnants of red and green paint are visible; underside of seat panel is painted grey. Wagon advertises H.H. Smith & Co. Baker, a Warrnambool business established in 1885, but is of a more modern design seen around 1930’s and 1940’s and most likely belonging to Stephenson's bakery. Brown signwriting on sides of wagon “H.R. SMITH & CO. / BAKER” Brown signwriting across front of wagon “BAKER” warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, great ocean road, baker’s wagon, h.h. smith baker, warrnambool, henry h smith, jeannie samson-goodman, frank crossley, mayor of city of warrnambool, vice president of warrnambool and district historical society, stephenson’s bakery warrnambool, harold stephenson, warrnambool surf life saving club, road race committee, national trust building, stan lake, bill lake, ali dean, 19th and 20th century bakers, davies steam biscuit factory warrnambool, james mcleod building designer, jobbins and mcleod, william cust, h h smith & co, pastry cooks and confectioners, bakery trade, bread delivery wagon

Lighting was by gas before electricity was installed in houses. Before the 1800s most homes, workplaces and streets were lit by candles or oil lamps.The cities had gas before the country areas.Gas lighting was available in the Kiewa Valley before electricity was installed.Early 20th century. Gas light used indoors and made of copper tubing, brass, and bakelite.gas lights, home lighting

A framed miniturised book cover of the book "New Zealand's Vietnam War" A history of combat, committment and controversy written by Ian McGibbon. The photos on the document depict soldiers attending a wounded man and a helicopter landing with a solder giving hand signals to the pilot.The definitive history of New Zealand's involement in the most controversial war of the 20th centurynew zealand