This 'Dayton Scale' was used in a grocery shop in Moorabbin Shire in 20thC to measure grain, sugar, fruit, vegetables, lollies, etc as required by the shopkeeper for the purchase by customers. The Dayton Scale Company, originally known as the Computing Scale Company, built and marketed the first computing scale in 1891. It was part of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company formed in 1911, and became an IBM division in 1933. The Dayton Scale Division was eventually sold to the Hobart Manufacturing Company when IBM decided to stop marketing scales to retail stores. The Computing Scale Company of Dayton was operated from 1891-1914 by two businessmen from Dayton, Ohio who purchased patents on the recently invented computing scale. It was merged with other companies to become the forerunner company for IBM. On July 20 1897 Mr CC Hobart & Herbert L. Johnson formed the Hobart Electrical Manufacturing Company in Troy, Ohio USA. 1915 Hobart continues its growth into the World market, opening a sales office in Australia. Dayton grocery scales, capacity 2 pounds, Imperial Measure. It is made from white painted steel with a large metal scoop that sits on 2 steel rods attached to a balance beam connected to a recording mechanism that displays the ‘weight’ in a glass framed gauge. In window of glass framed gauge ; DAYTON SCALE CO. / OHIO USA ; Computed from 0 – 2LB in 1oz sections weights, measures, shops, scales. balances, grocery stores, early settlers, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, dayton scales company, ibm pty ltd., hobarrt electrical manufacturing company, hobart c.c., johnson herbert l, computing scale company ohio

In the 18th century, spring scales appeared. To produce these scales, a manufacturer would use the resistance of a spring to calculate weights, which could be read automatically on the scale’s face. The ease of use of spring scales over balance scales is what led most post offices to outfit their clerks with spring postal scales. One of the most common types of spring scales was the kitchen scale—also known as a family or dial scale. Designed for horizontal surfaces, these scales used the weight of goods in a pan at the top of the scale to force the spring down. Such scales were common in early-20th-century households and were sold by Sears and Montgomery Ward. Many had flat weighing surfaces but some were topped by shallow pans. Companies such as Salters, Chatillon, and Fairbanks made both. SALTER HOUSEWARES began in the late 1760 in the village of Bilston, England. At this time Richard Salter, a spring maker, began making 'pocket steelyards', a scale similar to the fisherman's scale of today. By 1825 his nephew George had taken over the company, which became known as George Salter & Co. and later established a large, well equipped manufacturing site in the town of West Bromwich. The business thrived throughout the 1900s, and in 1972 the company was purchased by Staveley Industries Plc. In 2002, the management team at Salter Housewares Ltd, backed by Barclays Private Equity, bought the company out from the group, to concentrate on its consumer businesses. In 2004 was sold to the US-based HoMedics company, and in 2006, Salter Housewares USA and Taylor Precision Products Inc (also owned by HoMedics) merged.Salter Brand No. 46 Household Spring Balance Kitchen Scales made of green painted metal with a white large clock face dial marked in 1oz graduations and with a shallow metal bowl placed on the flat top connected to the mechanism. An adjustable screw tightened or loosened the spring to bring the pointer to zero, prior to adding the material to be weighed.. A common piece of kitchen equipment as most families used this type of scale when measuring goods for cooking or storing. HOUSEHOLD SCALE / NO. 46 / SALTER / TO WEIGH 28 LB / ( rope & arrow TM) BRITISH MADE Base rope & anchor S (trade mark) weights, measures, shops, scales. balances, grocery stores, early settlers, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, salter housewares pty ltd, west bromwich, england, salter george, salter richard, bilston england

A mixer is a kitchen utensil which uses a gear-driven mechanism to rotate a set of beaters in a bowl containing the food to be prepared. It automates the repetitive tasks of stirring, whisking or beating. Mixers for the kitchen first came into use midway through the nineteenth century; the earliest were mechanical devices. The mixer with rotating parts was patented in 1856 by Ralph Collier a tinsmith in Baltimore, Maryland .This was followed by E.P. Griffith's whisk patented in England in 1857. A circular tin used for mixing batters. The 2 beaters are of wire, with metal gears, suspended from a metal strip that fits over the tin bowl. and is clamped into place by a metal screw . A crank handle with a wooden black knob attached by a screw is turned by hand to mix the batter in the base. This tin could be secured to a table by a clamp and screw. cooking, kitchen equipment, dairy, cakes, housework, early settlers, pioneers, baking, nutrition, blacksmiths, market gardeners, cake mixers, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, brighton

An eggbeater is a hand-held device with a crank on the side geared to one or more beaters. The user grips the handle with one hand and operates the crank with the other, creating the rotary action. A hand-turned rotary egg beater was patented by J.F. and E.P. Monroe in 1859 in the US. This egg beater patent was one of the earliest bought up by the Dover Stamping Company, whose Dover egg beaters became a classic American brand. The Monroe design was also manufactured in England. In 1870, Turner Williams of Providence, R.I., invented another Dover egg beater model. The Hobart Manufacturing Company was an early manufacturer of large commercial mixers. A mechanical egg beater with a wooden handle and steel gears and crank c1940cooking, kitchen equipment, dairy, cakes, housework, early settlers, pioneers, baking, nutrition, blacksmiths, market gardeners, cake mixers, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, brighton, monroe e.p., monroe j.f., egg beaters, williams turner, dover stamping compant ltd., hobart manufacturing company ltd.

The Maling Pottery of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, was in production from 1762 to 1963. In its heyday it claimed to be the biggest pottery in the world. The first Maling pottery was established at North Hylton, near Sunderland, in 1762 by William Maling. William’s descendants who moved to the Newcastle area and built a succession of larger works. The last of these – the Ford B pottery – was begun in 1878 and occupied a 14 acre site... Maling’s stock in trade was everyday white ware – marmalade jars for Keillers and Coopers, crockery for railways, shipping lines and hotels, and a huge variety of domestic kitchenware. With a significant export trade in the 1920s they had showrooms in Australia, New Zealand and Denmark. Mary Ford, daughter of an Edinburgh glass manufacturer, married Christopher Maling. Christopher Thompson Maling’s initials form one of the company’s early factory marks – the letters CTM inscribed vertically inside a triangle. The Maling name (which had first appeared with the castle mark in the 1920s) and extended to the trade name “Cetem Ware” when the company adopted its well known trademark of a castle in the early years of this century. The “Cetem” name continued to be used into the 1930s. the Maling name continued to be used as a trademark until the factory finally closed in 1963 The outbreak of World War 11 in 1939 marked the beginning of a long decline. Many of the factory’s workers were called up for military service, and wartime restrictions prevented decorative ware being produced for the home market.A larger oval china platter with blue garland around the rim ‘ CETEM WARE’ EMPIRE c1930 On base ; CETEM WARE / over a Castle / EMPIRE / Rd No 519757 china, pottery, cetem ware, maling pottery co ltd., maling william, maling christopher thompson, ford mary, newcastle upon tyne uk, crockery, north hylton sunderland uk, moorabbin, bentleigh, market gardeners, early settlers, cheltenham, world war 11 1939-45, cooking

Wedgwood was founded on 1 May 1759 by Josiah Wedgwood and in 1987 merged with Waterford Crystal to create Waterford Wedgwood, an Ireland-based luxury brands group. After the 2009 purchase by KPS Capital, Wedgwood became part of a group of companies known as WWRD Holdings Ltd, an acronym for "Waterford Wedgwood Royal Doulton." In 1765, Josiah Wedgwood created a new earthenware form which impressed the then British Queen consort Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz who gave permission to call it "Queen's Ware"; this new form sold extremely well across Europe. Wedgwood developed a number of further industrial innovations for his company, notably a way of measuring kiln temperatures accurately and new ware types Black Basalt and Jasper Ware. Wedgwood's most famous ware is jasperware. It was created to look like ancient cameo glass. It was inspired by the Portland Vase, a Roman vessel. Wedgwood had increasing success with hard paste porcelain which attempted to imitate the whiteness of tea-ware imported from China. High transportation costs and the demanding journey from the Far East meant that the supply of chinaware could not keep up with increasingly high demand. In 1812 Wedgwood produced their own bone china which, though not a commercial success at first eventually became an important part of an extremely profitable business. An oval white china platter with blue flowers and fruit. Back is marked WEDGWOOD CHRYSANTHEMUMOn base ; CHRYSANTHEMUM / i / W / 7 / WEDGWOOD china, pottery, crockery, england, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, kitchenware, wedgwood josiah

A pair of scales or dishes in which objects to be weighed and the weights / masses against which to weigh them are placed is an "Apparatus for weighing. The pan, or each of the pans, of a balance." Its parts include a fulcrum, a beam that balances on it, two pans at the ends of the beam to hold the materials to be weighed, and counter-balancing weights. Gottingen made fine precision scientific scales for use by assayers, jewellers, chemists, gold buyers rtc. A 2 pan analytical, scientific or pharmaceutical beam balance scale made in Gottingen Germany c 1880. These scales are encased in a mahogany framed glass cabinet and Graded 0 -9 9-0D.R.PATENT / GOTTINGER PRAZISIONSWAGENFABRIK G.m.b.H. / GOTTINGEN On upright V over GPW scales, balance, precision measures, gold, pharmacy, precious metals, jewellery, gottingen germany, sartorious f, moorabin, bentleigh, cheltenham, early settlers, gold miners, pioneers, market gardeners, ballarat, bendigo, imperial measure, troy weight

W&G 476 "Dual-Face" Trigonometrical (Stadia) Made in Melbourne, Australia by White & Gillespie Record Processing Co. a precision engineering firm. Front Scale LL (or LL3), L, A [ B, Reciprocal (or CI), C ] D, Cu, LL (or LL2) Back Scale Stadia V, H, Chord, A [ B, SIN<6 COS>5, SIN>5 COS <6, C ] D, TAN 30-6, COT 84-90, TAN 5-45, COT 85-45 Conventional Cursor This type of sliding scale was used to design Battleships during WWII. A subsidiary was W&G Records an Australian recording company that operated from the early 1950s to the 1970s. It released many significant recordings by Australian popular artists of the 1960s and also issued recordings of popular American artists, notably releases from ABC-Paramount (Ampar) label, which W&G distributed from 1955 until 1960, when the Australian distribution was taken over by Festival Records. A Trigonometrical sliding scale rule in its original boxW & G / DUALFACE / TRIGONOMETRICAL / SLIDE RULE / MODEL 476 measurements, slide rulers, physics, calculations, ship design, navigation, ww11 1939-45, white & gillespie record, processing company, melbourne, bentleigh, moorabbin, cheltenham, australian defense force

Fairway Company Melbourne manufactured this pair of domestic scales with a dish / pan in which objects to be weighed and the weights / masses against which to weigh them are placed. These common kitchen / dairy scales would be used by the householder to weigh flour, sugar, cereal, vegetables, fruit, meats, butter, cheese etc. prior to cooking or storing . Its parts include a fulcrum, a beam that balances on it, two pans at the ends of the beam to hold the materials to be weighed, and counter-balancing weights. A set of domestic scales made by ‘Fairway’ Melbourne c1930. Painted cream steel with 1 metal bowl / pan and Imperial measure weights 2LB, 1LB, 4OZ, 2OZ, 1OZScales ; MADE BY / DOMESTIC SCALES / FAIRWAY / MELBOURNE AUST. Weights ; 2LB, 1LB, 4OZ, 2OZ, 1OZ market gardeners, early settlers, fruit vegetables, farmers, cooking, recipes, scales, weights, measures, brass, balance beam, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, kitchen scales, dairy products, cereals, wheat flour

In the 18th century, spring scales appeared. To produce these scales, a manufacturer would use the resistance of a spring to calculate weights, which could be read automatically on the scale’s face. The ease of use of spring scales over balance scales is what led most post offices to outfit their clerks with spring postal scales. One of the most common types of spring scales was the kitchen scale—also known as a family or dial scale. Designed for horizontal surfaces, these scales used the weight of goods in a pan at the top of the scale to force the spring down. Such scales were common in early-20th-century households and were sold by Sears and Montgomery Ward. Many had flat weighing surfaces but some were topped by shallow pans. Companies such as Salters, Chatillon, and Fairbanks made both. SALTER HOUSEWARES began in the late 1760 in the village of Bilston, England. At this time Richard Salter, a spring maker, began making 'pocket steelyards', a scale similar to the fisherman's scale of today. By 1825 his nephew George had taken over the company, which became known as George Salter & Co. and later established a large, well equipped manufacturing site in the town of West Bromwich. The business thrived throughout the 1900s, and in 1972 the company was purchased by Staveley Industries Plc. In 2002, the management team at Salter Housewares Ltd, backed by Barclays Private Equity, bought the company out from the group, to concentrate on its consumer businesses. In 2004 was sold to the US-based HoMedics company, and in 2006, Salter Housewares USA and Taylor Precision Products Inc (also owned by HoMedics) merged. Salter Brand No. 44 Household Spring Balance Kitchen Scales made of green painted metal with a large clock face dial marked in 1oz graduations and with a shallow metal bowl placed on the flat top connected to the mechanism. An adjustable screw tightened or loosened the spring to bring the pointer to zero, prior to adding the material to be weighed.. A common piece of kitchen equipment as most families used this type of scale when measuring goods for cooking or storing.On Clock face ; NO. 44 / HOUSEHOLD SCALE / TO WEIGH 14LB X 1OZ / Pro. Pat. No. 30819 / 32 / MADE IN ENGLAND / SALTER / S in trademark rope with arrow market gardeners, early settlers, fruit, vegetables, farmers, cooking, recipes, scales, weights, measures, brass, balance beam, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, kitchen scales, dairy products, cereals, wheat flour, salter housewares pty ltd, west bromwich england

Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes. They are normally used for vision correction or eye protection. A young boy’s frameless spectacles - 1 glass lens with gold style bridge with a stiffened cardboard spectacle case eyes, spectacles, eye glasses, optometry, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers, schools

Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes. They are normally used for vision correction or eye protection. Pince-nez is a French style of spectacles, popular in the 19th century, that are supported without earpieces, by pinching the bridge of the nose. The name comes from French pincer, "to pinch", and nez, "nose". Although pince-nez were used in Europe in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries, modern ones appeared in the 1840s and reached their peak popularity around 1880 to 1900 A solid bridge piece is moulded to fit the curvature of the bridge of the nose. They are anchored onto the bridge of the nose via two small spring-loaded clips terminating in special nose-pads made from bone or tortoise shell on metal called plaquettes, which are tweezered apart for placement on the face through applying pressure to two small lever-like finger-pieces located on the front of the bridge. Plaquettes could be either hinged and flexible, permitting a better fit, or static as in the older examples of this type.. They were popular from the 1890s through to the 1950s, One half of a pair of lady’s Pince-nez eyeglasses with 1 gold rimmed glass lens , a gold style bridge and a fine gold chain that is attached to the side of the lens frame and to a shaped over- ear metal piece. eyes, spectacles, eye glasses, optometry, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers, pince-nez

Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes. They are normally used for vision correction or eye protection.The James family were early settlers in the Moorabbin ShireA pair of fine wire frames for eyeglasses with no glass lenseyes, spectacles, eye glasses, optometry, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers

vii, 92 leaves : ill., facsims., 1 plan, ports. A large spiral bound book with a soft cover detailing the early burial sites in the Beaumaris Cemetery.The front cover is white with a drawn picture of three graves and a girl in a long dress standing beside them also on the cover is the The Wesleyan Burial Ground in the Parish of Moorabbin.non-fictionA history of the Beaumaris Cemetery and who is buried there and the subdivision of the Wesleyan church.beaumaris, cheltenham, graves, burials, cemetery, registrar's records, subdivision, wesleyan.

xi, 425 p. : ill., maps :non-fictionThis book is about the history of Brighton and Henry Dendy's survey the early settlement of Brighton and its surrounds and the involvement of Dendy J.B.Were George Higinbotham Thomas Bent and J.H. Taylor in the growth of the community. brighton, dendy, bent, were, higinbotham, taylor, survey, settlement.

Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. The most expensive gloves are custom-made of kid leather. Mousquetaire gloves have buttons at the wrist so the wearer could open the buttons and slip her hand out without taking the whole glove off. The finger section would be folded in and kept away tidily. This is how ladies wore gloves while dining. After the meal they would put their hands back into the gloves, usually for the rest of the evening. William and Elizabeth Box were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire and resided in 'Box Cottage' 1865 -1913. John Box 1841-1913 was William's brother. Carole Eldridge was a descendant of John Box who with his first wife Martha Sheldrake were the parents of Alonzo Box.A pair of lady's 3/4 length, lilac, kid leather gloves with 2 pearl buttons at wrist opening.clothing, gloves, leather work, mousquetaire gloves, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, box elizabeth, box william, box avis, eldridge carol, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, box john, sheldrake martha, box alonzo

Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. The most expensive gloves are custom-made of kid leather. Mousquetaire gloves have buttons at the wrist so the wearer could open the buttons and slip her hand out without taking the whole glove off. The finger section would be folded in and kept away tidily. This is how ladies wore gloves while dining. After the meal they would put their hands back into the gloves, usually for the rest of the evening. The Eldridge family were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire and relatives of William and Elizabeth Box. A pair of lady's white, 'Opera length', kid leather gloves with 3 pearl buttons at wrist opening, or 'Mousquetaire'clothing, gloves, kid leather, leather work, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, box elizabeth, box william, box avis, eldridge carol, box john, sheldrake martha, box alonzo

Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. The most expensive gloves are custom-made of kid leather.The Box family were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire and resided in 'Box Cottage' 1865 -1913 The Eldridge family were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire Carol Eldridge was the Daughter in law of Alf and Avis Box, descendants of John Box 1841-1913 A pair of lady's cream, nylon, wrist length gloves with a pearl buttonALL NYLON / MADE IN ENGLAND / 7clothing, gloves, nylon, england, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, box elizabeth, box william, box avis, eldridge carol, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, box john, sheldrake martha, box alonzo

Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. The most expensive gloves are custom-made of kid leather. The gloves were probably made in Hong Kong, then as now, a place where fashions can be made cheaply because the cost of labour is inexpensive.The family of Carole Pedersen-Green were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire. Carole was a founding member of CMHSA pair of lady's cream, nylon, wrist length gloves with a frilled edgeclothing, gloves, nylon, hong kong, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, pedersen-green carole, green carole, denmark

Ladies' gloves for formal and semi-formal wear come in three lengths for women: wrist, elbow, and opera or full-length (over the elbow, usually reaching to the biceps but sometimes to the full length of the arm). In the late 19thC and early 20thC Gloves were expected to be worn for both daytime and evening wear with most types of outfits. The most expensive gloves are custom-made of kid leather. These gloves were probably made in Hong Kong, then as now, a place where fashions can be made cheaply because the cost of labour is inexpensiveThe family of Carole Pedersen-Green were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire. Carole was a founding member of CMHSA pair of cream, nylon, lady's wrist length gloves There are 4 cotton flower shapes at centre back of wrist with a tiny pearl in each centreclothing, gloves, nylon, moorabbin, bentleigh, brighton, early settlers, market gardeners, hong kong, pedersen-green carole, green carole, denmark

'The Grange ' was a 2 storey home built 1857 by Mr Charles Tuck, originally named 'Baydon Hill' , at 1011 Nepean Highway, Moorabbin ( South Brighton). Mr Charles Tuck was Veterinary Surgeon from Baydon Hill, Wiltshire, England, who migrated to Australia c1850. He married his cousin Miss Jan Chaudler in Melbourne in1853. He was at the Ballarat gold-fields at the time of the riots and then they settled in South Brighton ( later Moorabbin) and built a large Georgian Styled home called 'Baydon Hill'. The Tucks had a large family - 9 children. Charles enjoyed a prosperous Veterinary Practice as his advice was needed for stock purchases by the farmers / settlers. Charles died in 1893 and Jane left the property c 1903 and died at Blackburn in 1928. The House had 5 owners, the last being the Healey family c1920 and at some stage the name was changed to 'The Grange' and the gates shown were installed. The Healey Family were also prosperous in developing vegetables and flower seeds and seedlings. 'The Grange' was sold to Moorabbin City Council 1972 and then used by the City of Moorabbin Historical Society for meetings and storage of historical material. It was demolished amidst considerable controversy 1983 and the District Police Offices were built on the site. ( S.T.Mulvany, Grand-daughter of Charles Tuck 26/7/1974)The Grange was a significant property 1853 -1983 in Moorabbin. It was built by Mr Charles Tuck 1857and in1900 extended from Point Nepean Road to South Road - 10acres. Mr Harold James Healey purchased the property in c1920 and leased a portion to a Chinese market gardener. Later with his sons he established a profitable Plant Nursery that they managed for 42years.. Keith Healey, a son, remodelled the house extensively mid 20thC .The Moorabbin City Council purchased it in 1972 for $255,000 and it was demolished amid controversy 1983. The District Police Offices are now on the site.3x black and white photographs of the property at 1011 Nepean Highway Moorabbin built by Mr Charles Tuck c1853 known as 'The Grange'. Originally it was named 'Baydon Hill' because he migrated from Baydon Hill, Wiltshire, England c1850. These photographs are c 1880, 1920 and 1950 showing the original and later additions made to the property by some of the 5 owners.Written in pencil on back a) " This Photo donated by Mr Neil Follett - at the time it came into his possession he had a photography studio in Cheltenham. Photographer unknown"; Folio 6 b) The Grange c 1950 Folio 6/10 c) 'Baydon Hill' ( alias "The Grange" ) / Donated by Mrs Elsa Jones, daughter of Leslie Stephen Tuck, youngest son of Charles Tuck Folio 6 /18tuck charles, tuck jane, veterinary surgeons, livestock, market gardeners, early settlers, dendy's special survey, brighton, moorabbin, ballarat, gold diggings, horses, chickens, cattle, bullocks, flower shows, fruit garden, mulvaney s. t., healey haold james, healey keith, moorabbin city council, chinese market gardeners, plant nursery, tuck leslie stephen, jones elsa

This meat mincer was a common kitchen utensil used by housewives for the preparation of meat when cooking food for their familiesA 'Universal' steel, meat mincer with clamp to attach to table or bench, funnel top, and an adjustable screw - to cut meat - that is operated by a steel crank with a wooden handle.Front ; 2 'Universal' Crank arm : L.F&C. NEW BRITAIN, CONN, USAearly settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, housewives, home cooking, meat preparation, thatcher frank, l f & c pty ltd conneticut, butchers

This bottle may have held medicine used by a local early settler family. A local resident discovered it when digging his garden in McKinnon 2013. James Hardie immigrated to Australia in 1888 from Linlithgow, Scotland, and created a business importing oils and animal hides. Andrew Reid, also from Linlithgow, came to join Hardie in Melbourne, and became a full partner in 1895. When Hardie retired in 1911, he sold his half of the business to Reid. James Hardie Industries Ltd first listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in 1951 and is an industrial building materials company headquartered in Ireland which specialises in fibre cement products. James Hardie manufactures and develops technologies, materials and processes for the production of building materials. For over 20 years, Hardie has also operated a research and development facility devoted solely to fibre-cement technology. The company was a key player in asbestos mining and manufacturing in Australia through most of the twentieth century. Working with products containing asbestos - including the building material known as "Fibro" - caused people to develop various pleural abnormalities such as asbestosis and malignant mesothelioma. In December 2001, the company shareholders unanimously voted to restructure and relocate the company in the Netherlands as a parent company. This was part of a strategy to separate the company from the stigma of its asbestos liabilities. February 2010, James Hardie moved its corporate domicile from The Netherlands to Ireland, In May 2012 the High Court of Australia found that seven former James Hardie non-executive directors misled the stock exchange over the asbestos victims compensation fundA brown glass bottle, with finger grip handlearound bottom " THIS BOTTLE ALWAYS REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF JAMES HARDIE PTY. LTD. SYDNEY' on base 'IS985 / 7early settlers, pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, ormond, mvkinnon, glass bottles, medine containers, medical supplies, james hadie pty ltd. hardie

This bottle may have held medicine used by a local early settler family. A local resident discovered it when digging his garden in McKinnon 2013. James Hardie immigrated to Australia in 1888 from Linlithgow, Scotland, and created a business importing oils and animal hides. Andrew Reid, also from Linlithgow, came to join Hardie in Melbourne, and became a full partner in 1895. When Hardie retired in 1911, he sold his half of the business to Reid. James Hardie Industries Ltd first listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in 1951 and is an industrial building materials company headquartered in Ireland which specialises in fibre cement products. James Hardie manufactures and develops technologies, materials and processes for the production of building materials. For over 20 years, Hardie has also operated a research and development facility devoted solely to fibre-cement technology. The company was a key player in asbestos mining and manufacturing in Australia through most of the twentieth century. Working with products containing asbestos - including the building material known as "Fibro" - caused people to develop various pleural abnormalities such as asbestosis and malignant mesothelioma. In December 2001, the company shareholders unanimously voted to restructure and relocate the company in the Netherlands as a parent company. This was part of a strategy to separate the company from the stigma of its asbestos liabilities. February 2010, James Hardie moved its corporate domicile from The Netherlands to Ireland, In May 2012 the High Court of Australia found that seven former James Hardie non-executive directors misled the stock exchange over the asbestos victims compensation fund' A brown glass bottle with finger ring hold at neck that may have been used by a local home owner to hold medicine c1900around base ' THIS BOTTLE ALWAYS REMAINS THE PROPERTY OF JAMES HARDIE PTY LTD SYDNEY ' on base ' IS 994 ' pioneers, market gardeners, moorabbin, bentleigh, ormond, mvkinnon, glass bottles, medine containers, medical supplies, james hadie pty ltd. hardie, early settlers

This tool kit of 8 spanners came with the purchase of a bicycle in London, England c1937. Lottie Moore migrated to Australia 1949 and used it to repair her bicycles in Melbourne.A set of 8 steel spanners for a bicycle c1937'Nubot 100 British made' on spanner '8'. Each spanner numbered 1 -8bicycles, tools spanners, london, melbourne, migrants, postwar immigration, british made, transport

Dr.Pat, a brand of both cigarette and pipe tobacco, are produced and sold by Imperial Tobacco Australia. It is an aromatic blend of Irish and other fine cut tobaccos. Dr.Pat is sold only in New Zealand and Australia. Imperial Tobacco Australia Limited is the smallest and most recently formed of the tobacco companies operating within Australia. Imperial Tobacco Australia was established to coincide with the merger of WD & HO Wills Holdings Limited and Rothmans Holdings Limited as British American Tobacco Australia. At the time of the proposed merger, concerns were raised about the likelihood for reduction in competition in the Australian marketplace, thereby potentially causing a breach of Section 50 of the Trade Practices Act 1974. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission agreed to permit the merger to proceed, on condition that another tobacco company enter the Australian market. The UK-based Imperial Tobacco Group was invited to enter the Australian market and in September 1999, Imperial Tobacco Australia commenced operations.26, 27 As part of the agreement allowing the formation of British American Tobacco Australia, Imperial Tobacco Australia was sold a portfolio of cigarette, roll-your-own tobacco and cigarette paper trademarks previously owned by Rothmans or WD & HO Wills for the sum of $325 million. The purchase gave Imperial Tobacco Australia an opening market share of 17.1%.27 Imperial Tobacco Australia ranked third in cigarettes sales in 2009, with a volume share of 16.2%. A circular tin with screw top contained pipe tobacco 'Dr Pat ' brandLid : DELUXE / Dr PAT' / IRISH MIXTURE / PIPE TOBACCO / 50g NETimperial tobacco australia ltd, tobacco, cigarettes, cigars, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, dr. pat pipe tobacco, cigarette manufacturers

Thomas C Williams 1831 -89, Richmond Virginia USA. 1850 he formed a partnership with R.A. Patterson in a tobacco business which was very successful. The British-American Tobacco Company, Ltd., was established in 1902 by an agreement between the Imperial Tobacco Co. of Great Britain and its rivals, the American Tobacco Co. and its associates. The headquarters was located in London, England, and the office at 111 5th Ave. in New York City handled the purchase of leaf and manufacturing in the U. S. In 1903 the company acquired the formerly independent export businesses of the T. C. Williams Co., David Dunlop, and the Cameron family who were then the largest exporters of manufactured tobacco. T.C.Williams Co had been in existence for fifty years, and its export business in chewing tobacco amounted to nearly 5,000,000 pounds of tobacco a year.2 tins a) circular and b) rectangular with lift off lids that contained 'Welcome Nugget' flake cut tobacco made by T.C Williams Co.Top of Lid ; T.C WILLIAMS Co. / WELCOME NUGGET / FLAKE / CUT / TOBACCO. around lid WELCOME NUGGET FLAKE CUT HERMETICALLY SEALED. on base High / Grade / TOBACCO /Packed in a round airtight / tin to preserve the / original fine flavour / and to ensure / perfect condition / 2 0zs. NETT Factory weight / when packed.* tobacco, cigarettes, smoking pipes, t c williams co ltd, richmond virginia, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, the british-american tobacco company ltd., american tobacco company, cameron & cameron ltd., imperial tobacco company, patterson r a , williams thomas c snr.,

Butz-Choquin is a French pipe maker founded in 1858 by tobacconist Jean-baptiste Choquin and Gustave Butz.The company was established in Metz; it remained there until 1951, when it was purchased by the Berrod-Regad company. It was then relocated to Saint-Claude, Jura. The company was acquired by Denis Blanc in 2006. Butz-Choquin's first pipe, the Choquin pipe, was a curved pipe with a flat-bottomed hearth, albatross bone, and silver rings.A 'Butz-Choqin' tobacco pipe with walnut wood stack-like bowl, horn stem and silver perforated lid. The octagonal base unscrews. Silver rings around the lid and join from bowl to stem BUTZ-CHOQIN / Made in France / N0.3 / VERCOURS / BC (engraved) smoking pipes, tobacco, butz-choqin company france, walnut wood, albatross bone, market gardeners, pioneers, early settlers, moorabbin, brighjton, bentleigh

This is a common small 'meat safe' used in most homes prior to the arrival of Refrigerators. Food, such as milk, butter, cooked meat would be stored for a short time in this safe. It would be suspended from the ceiling / roof in a cool place - Dairy - and the mesh sides allowed air circulation while providing protection from insects and vermin.A green, tin meat safe with mesh sides and a hinged door with a latch lock. early settlers, pioneers, food preservation, meat safe, kalgoolie safe, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, ormond, dairy products, diseases, vermin

A butter churn is a device used to convert cream into butter. This is done through a mechanical process, via a crank used to manually turn a rotating device inside the barrel shaped churn. The agitation of the cream, caused by the mechanical motion of the device, disrupts the milk fat. The membranes that surround the fats are broken down, subsequently forming clumps known as butter grains. These butter grains, during the process of churning, fuse with each other and form larger fat globules. Air bubbles are introduced into these fat globules via the continued mechanical action of the churn. The butter grains become more dense as fat globules attach to them while the air is forced out of the mixture. This process creates a liquid known as buttermilk. With constant churning, the fat globules eventually form solid butter and separate from the buttermilk. The buttermilk is then drained off and the butter is squeezed to eliminate excess liquid and to form it into a solid mass. Then rinsing could be done simply by washing in water, followed by draining, salting and working or "kneading" the butter with a pair of wooden butter pats, or with bare hands. This is a paddle churn, a barrel that contains a paddle, which is operated by a handle. The paddle churned the butter inside the container when the handle was turned. Early settlers had to be self sufficient, growing their own vegetables, making tools and clothing and usually had a house cow to produce their milk supplyThis domestic butter churn is an example of the skill of the pioneer craftsman, carpenters and tool makers c1900. As pioneers and early settlers had to be self sufficient they usually kept a dairy cow or 'house cow' to provide milk for drinking and for butter and cheese to made by the family.A small wooden, domestic butter churn with a lid and a crank that manually rotated the paddle inside. E. CHERRY / MAKER / GISBORNE / VICTORIA / Apioneers, early settlers, market gardeners, moorabbin, brighton, cheltenham, dairy products. dairy farmers, milk, butter, dairies