Showing 10646 items
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Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Folder, Rev. L. Dobinson, 1859
Folder of information on Rev. L Dobinson, Eltham 1859rev l dobinson -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Painting - Portrait, Lt-Col L G Coleman
Lt-Col Coleman was Commanding Officer of 4/19 Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment from 1960 to 1962One of a collection of portraits of former Commanding Officers of the RegimentFramed oil painting of Lt-Col L G Coleman portrait, coleman -
The WAMA Project : The National Centre for Environmental Art
Work on paper, Roger Edwards, On the Ash Bed, 2020
The irresistible appeal of our unique Terrestrial orchids will often find native plant enthusiasts down on hands and knees following a hot summer bushfire surveying the forest floor where flowering colonies may emerge stimulated by the ‘Ash Bed’ effect and the symbiotic relationship with a particular soil Hyphae. Many like the small Hare orchid and Red Beaks depicted in this work may not be seen flowering again on the site until the next fire event.This work is one of a number painted by the artist after bushfires in the Grampians. Roger Edwards was a Forest Officer, posted to Cavendish, in SW corner of the Grampians, in 1975. He retired in 2018, enabling him to devote more time to his art.Environment, Wildflowers, Landscape, Botanic artGift of Rob Youl to commemorate artist, Betty Conabere.This painting shows orchids and other native plants regrowing densely in an ashbed after a Grampians bushfire. It is an aesthetic depiction of important ecological processes. wildflowers, lanscape, orchids, bushfire, grampians, environment, recovery after fire, botanic art -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph, Peter L. McCarthy at Sovereign Hill Mine, 1982
Black and white photo of Peter L. McCarthy at Sovereign Hill Minepeter l. mccarthy, mining, sovereign hill mine, peter mccarthy -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Painting - Portrait, Lt-Col L E Reeder
Lt-Col Reeder was Commanding Officer of 4/19 Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment from 1970 to 1975One of a collection of portraits of former Commanding Officers of the RegimentFramed oil painting of Lt-Col L E Reeder EDportrait, reeder -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Painting - Portrait, Lt-Col G L Smith RFD
Lt Col Smith was Commanding Officer of 4/19 Prince of Wales's Light Horse from 1993-1996One of a collection of portraits of former Commanding Officers of the RegimentFramed oil painting of Lt-Col G L Smith RFDportrait, smith -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Photograph, L/CPL Kevin George Cocks
In a frame Formal Medal Display Featuring: Three black and white Photograph of L/CPL Cocks in jungle greens. Signal Squadron cap badge Three Medal cluster Plaque with L/CPL Cocks detailsMedal Inscriptionsframed medals, photograph, badge, l/cpl cocks, 103 signal squadron, 1st australian task force -
Highett RSL Sub Branch Inc
Medals:, 57932 L Beardsall
Medal: 1914-1981 Medal, Medal: 1914 - 1919 war for Civilisation 57932 L Beardsall -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Document, Mrs L. Hatfield, n.d
Notes on Mrs L. Hatfield nee Blood, and her Blood and Hatfield families.Notes on Mrs L. Hatfield nee Blood, and her Blood and Hatfield families.Notes on Mrs L. Hatfield nee Blood, and her Blood and Hatfield families.hatfield family, hatfield, l (mrs), blood family -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, L-R: Mrs Delaney and her daughter, Mrs Middleton and Mrs W. Heddle of Diamond Creek
Photo sourced from B. Heddle reproduced (cropped) on p49 of The Diamond Valley Story by Dianne H. Edwards, Shire of Diamond Valley 1979.Black and white copy of photo printed on glossy photographic paper 30.5 x 40.5 cm (12 x 16 inch); image size approx. 18.5 x 28 cmdiamond creek, diamond valley story, groups, mrs delaney, mrs middleton, mrs w. heddle -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Book, Borough of Ringwood L A S Fund (Local Authorities Superannuation Fund)
Bound book "Borough of Ringwood L A S Fund (Local Authorities Superannuation Fund)" -
Melbourne Legacy
Document - Article, Legatee L E (Len) Ravenscroft, President 1983
A cutting from from a Melbourne Legacy President's report showing a photo of Legatee Len Ravenscroft (President of Melbourne Legacy in 1983). It was collected to be a record of a photo of past presidents. In World War 2 he served in the Middle East with 7th Division A A S C. Commissioned in 1942 he was appointed Adjuntant (Supply and Transport ) HQ, 3 Australian Corps. He initially joined Fremantle Legacy in 1952 and was it's president in 1958. In 1959 he transferred to Yarra Valley Group and was group president in 1978. The article was part of an album of past presidents from 1965 to 1989. The folder included biographical details and obituaries, eulogies and death notices of prominent Legatees. The items have been catalogued separately.A record of Legatee Len Ravenscroft a past president of Legacy. The information was collected to record the lives of prominent legatees in a folder.An article with a black and white photo of Legatee L E (Len) Ravenscroft - President 1983.past presidents, len ravenscroft -
The WAMA Project : The National Centre for Environmental Art
Painting, Roger Edwards, A Bushfire Response, 2016
Since moving on from tonal pen and pencil work many years ago watercolour has been my medium preference for painting Flora and Fauna. Although better known for my Australian bird studies I do like to portray remnant grassland featuring the terrestrial orchids that occur there. As a Forest Officer for the past 40 odd years working in and around the Grampians area I have been blessed with the opportunity to observe and study much of the wildlife of the area. If you can imagine a peregrine falcon swooping down from a ledge, echidna playing trains, goanna striding to a tree or a sittella placing shingles on the nest This has been much of my life as a forester and artist. This work is one of a number painted by the artist after bushfires in the Grampians. Roger Edwards was a Forest Officer, posted to Cavendish, in SW corner of the Grampians, in 1975. In the 1980s he photographed details of the wildflowers and their recovery after fire. He retired in 2018, enabling him to devote more time to his art.Environment, Wildflowers, Landscape, Botanic artGift of Rob Youl to commemorate artist, Betty Conabere.This painting shows orchids and other native plants regrowing after Grampians bushfire. It is an aesthetic depiction of important ecological processes. wildflowers, lanscape, orchids, bushfire, grampians, environment, recovery after fire, botanic art -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Clothing - Western Woollen mills Cotton Uniforms, F R Timmins P/L
Two blue cotton uniforms with pale blue Collar. On right hand pocket "North Western Woollen Mills P/L" embroidered. Belt sewn to dress, eight buttons down the front & two buttons on belt.F R Timmins P/L 256 Chapel Street Prahran Size W -
Highett RSL Sub Branch Inc
Medals:, Service L C McKiernan
1) KOREA WAR 1950 MEDAL 2) Australian Service medal 1945 - 1975 with Korean 3) Government citation clasp 4) BRITISH AND COMMONWEALTH ARMY MILITARY FORCES KOREAN 5) Australian Service medal 1945 - 1975A36009 L C McKiernan -
Federation University Historical Collection
Photograph, P. L. Day Head of Department 1962 - 1986
Head of Geology department at School of Mines Ballarat which is a predecessor of Federation UniversityBlack and white Portrait of P. L. Day Head of Department 1962 - 1986 in a red framehead of department, photograph, geology, p. l. day -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Legal record - Conditions of Sale (C.E.Carter), Ringwood - Lot 77, Plan of Subdivision No 11645, H E Watson to L A Harris, 1947
Particulars and Conditions of Sale of Property , from Mr H E Watson to Mr L A Harris -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Book, Ninon De L Enclos
This item is from the ‘Pattison Collection’, a collection of books and records that was originally owned by the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute, which was founded in Warrnambool in 1853. By 1886 the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute (WMI) had grown to have a Library, Museum and Fine Arts Gallery, with a collection of “… choice productions of art, and valuable specimens in almost every branch and many wonderful national curiosities are now to be seen there, including historic relics of the town and district.” It later included a School of Design. Although it was very well patronised, the lack of financial support led the WMI in 1911 to ask the City Council to take it over. In 1935 Ralph Pattison was appointed as City Librarian to establish and organise the Warrnambool Library as it was then called. When the WMI building was pulled down in 1963 a new civic building was erected on the site and the new Warrnambool Library, on behalf of the City Council, took over all the holdings of the WMI. At this time some of the items were separated and identified as the ‘Pattison Collection’, named after Ralph Pattison. Eventually the components of the WMI were distributed from the Warrnambool Library to various places, including the Art Gallery, Historical Society and Flagstaff Hill. Later some were even distributed to other regional branches of Corangamite Regional Library and passed to and fro. It is difficult now to trace just where all of the items have ended up. The books at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village generally display stamps and markings from Pattison as well as a variety of other institutions including the Mechanics’ Institute itself. RALPH ERIC PATTISON Ralph Eric Pattison was born in Rockhampton, Queensland, in 1891. He married Maude Swan from Warrnambool in 1920 and they set up home in Warrnambool. In 1935 Pattison accepted a position as City Librarian for the Warrnambool City Council. His huge challenge was to make a functional library within two rooms of the Mechanics’ Institute. He tirelessly cleaned, cleared and sorted a disarrayed collection of old books, jars of preserved specimens and other items reserved for exhibition in the city’s museum. He developed and updated the library with a wide variety of books for all tastes, including reference books for students; a difficult task to fulfil during the years following the Depression. He converted all of the lower area of the building into a library, reference room and reading room for members and the public. The books were sorted and stored using a cataloguing and card index system that he had developed himself. He also prepared the upper floor of the building and established the Art Gallery and later the Museum, a place to exhibit the many old relics that had been stored for years for this purpose. One of the treasures he found was a beautiful ancient clock, which he repaired, restored and enjoyed using in his office during the years of his service there. Ralph Pattison was described as “a meticulous gentleman whose punctuality, floorless courtesy and distinctive neat dress were hallmarks of his character, and ‘his’ clock controlled his daily routine, and his opening and closing of the library’s large heavy doors to the minute.” Pattison took leave during 1942 to 1945 to serve in the Royal Australian Navy, Volunteer Reserve as Lieutenant. A few years later he converted one of the Museum’s rooms into a Children’s Library, stocking it with suitable books for the younger generation. This was an instant success. In the 1950’s he had the honour of being appointed to the Victorian Library Board and received more inspiration from the monthly conferences in Melbourne. He was sadly retired in 1959 after over 23 years of service, due to the fact that he had gone over the working age of council officers. However he continued to take a very keen interest in the continual development of the Library until his death in 1969. The Pattison Collection, along with other items at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, was originally part of the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s collection. The Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute Collection is primarily significant in its totality, rather than for the individual objects it contains. Its contents are highly representative of the development of Mechanics' Institute libraries across Australia, particularly Victoria. A diversity of publications and themes has been amassed, and these provide clues to our understanding of the nature of and changes in the reading habits of Victorians from the 1850s to the middle of the 20th century. The collection also highlights the Warrnambool community’s commitment to the Mechanics’ Institute, reading, literacy and learning in the regions, and proves that access to knowledge was not impeded by distance. These items help to provide a more complete picture of our community’s ideals and aspirations. The Warrnambool Mechanics Institute book collection has historical and social significance for its strong association with the Mechanics Institute movement and the important role it played in the intellectual, cultural and social development of people throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. The collection of books is a rare example of an early lending library and its significance is enhanced by the survival of an original collection of many volumes. The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s publication collection is of both local and state significance. Ninon De L Enclos Author: Mary C Rowsell Publuisher: Hurst & Blackett Date: 1910Label on spine cover with typed text PAT 920 DEL Pastedown front endpaper has sticker from Warrnambool Mechanics Institute and Free Library covered by a sticker from Corangamite Regional Library Service Front loose endpaper has a stamp from Warrnambool Public Museum warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, book, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, great ocean road, ninon de l enclos, mary c rowsell -
4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse Regiment Unit History Room
Book, Signal Training Vol III Telephone Set L (Aust) No 2, 1944
Handbook for equipment previously used by the Regiment Soft covered book detailing general and technical description, working instructions and maintenance of the telephone set 'L'telephone set l, user handbook -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Painting - Watercolour, 1945
A gift to Noemi Vendramini on her 21st birthday. Painting by an Internee L Poggioli.Watercolour painting of 1 hut, 4 part huts and 11 trees painted on card. Brown and gold frame, support type.To Noemi Vendramini for her 21st birthday. January 19 1945 L. Poggioli. LP 44 No2 Internment Camp, Tatura.poggioli, vendramini, painting, internee -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Photograph - Digital Photograph, Kew Mental Hospital, William L Mullen, 1902-1905, c.1972
The Kew Lunatic Asylum was completed in 1871 and opened in 1872. The year 1972 marked its centenary. Over the years, members of staff at the asylum collected records, photographs, publications and plans of the asylum, later hospital. The Society has a number of important collections relating to the asylum and the Children's Cottages. These include the Dr Cliff Judge, the Irena Higgins and the Dr Fred Stamp Collections. This portrait photograph is one of a number of items donated by the family of the late Dr. Fred Stamp who was the last medical superintendent. Dr Frederick Stamp graduated from Bristol Medical School (UK) in 1968. He and his family emigrated to Australia in 1977 to Goulburn (NSW), moving to Melbourne in 1980. He became Superintendent in 1981 until the Hospital's closure in 1988. Since the donation was made, this item has been declared a Permanent Government Record, and has been transferred to the Public Record Office Victoria in 2020.Following their closure, the medical records of the Kew Mental Hospital and the Children's Cottages Kew were relocated to the archives of the relevant Victorian Government Department and also to the Public Records Office of Victoria. Other collections, such as the Fred Stamp Collection, were assembled by staff who worked at the hospital. The years leading up to the closure of Kew must have been fraught, and many of the items in the hospital were probably destined for hard waste disposal. Dr. Fred Stamp, the medical superintendent, kept aside or rescued a number of these items, of which this is one. Following his death, his family donated these to the Kew Historical Society. The Society recognises these items to be of lasting historical significance, essentially due to their provenance and to their rarity. Together they (and the Judge and Higgins Collections) are an invaluable aid for researchers of the treatment of psychiatric illnesses in Victoria.William Lowell Mullen, Medical Superintendent, Kew Lunatic Asylum 1902-1905. One of a series of portraits of former medical superintendents, sourced and created for exhibition purposes at the Kew Mental Hospital during the centenary celebrations of 1972. Each portrait is framed with a white mount on which the name of the superintendent and his term of office is recorded.William L Mullen, 1902-1905kew lunatic asylum, kew mental hospital, willsmere, kew hospital for the insane, dr fred stamp, the fred stamp collection, william beattie smith -
Federation University Art Collection
Painting, Ronald Edwards-Pepper, 2020
Ronald EDWARDS PEPPER Gunai Ronald Edwards Pepper is the grandson of Dulcie (Dolly) Mullet and Watson Pepper, Ronald’s family moved to Morwell in the 1960s from Lake Tyers Mission. He graduated from Federation University with a Bachelor of Visual and Media Arts in 2017, and has completed several commissions and participated in numerous exhibitions, in Australia and overseas. Artist Ronald Edwards-Pepper is keen to express himself through painting and telling stories of his Gunai/Kurnai ancestors. "My nanna and her stories have been part of my life, and who I have become today, and this influences my artworks. My grand-parents are Dolly Mullet & Watson Pepper. They came from Lake Tyers Mission and moved to Morwell in the 1960s with their mob of kids. Now this is the family home." EDUCATION: 2013-2017 - Bachelor of Visual & Media Arts/Federation University. 2010 - Trainee Mentor in Education (Latrobe Regional Gallery, Morwell) 2008 - Certificate III in Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander in Languages 2007 - Traineeships, Young Ambassador at the Latrobe Regional Gallery, Morwell 2006 - Completed & Graduated - Awarded 'Student of the Year’ 2005 - Certificate IV ATSI Cultural Arts, TAFE Mid-valley Campus Gippsland 2003 - Certificate 4 in Aboriginal and Torres Strait lslander Art & Design, TAFE Mid-valley Campus, Gippsland 2002 - Certificate 3 in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art & Design, TAFE Mid-valley Campus, Gippsland AboriginalSigned verso "R.Edwards"ronald edwards, aboriginal, gunai kurnai -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Book, The Life of Florence L Barclay
This item is from the ‘Pattison Collection’, a collection of books and records that was originally owned by the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute, which was founded in Warrnambool in 1853. By 1886 the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute (WMI) had grown to have a Library, Museum and Fine Arts Gallery, with a collection of “… choice productions of art, and valuable specimens in almost every branch and many wonderful national curiosities are now to be seen there, including historic relics of the town and district.” It later included a School of Design. Although it was very well patronised, the lack of financial support led the WMI in 1911 to ask the City Council to take it over. In 1935 Ralph Pattison was appointed as City Librarian to establish and organise the Warrnambool Library as it was then called. When the WMI building was pulled down in 1963 a new civic building was erected on the site and the new Warrnambool Library, on behalf of the City Council, took over all the holdings of the WMI. At this time some of the items were separated and identified as the ‘Pattison Collection’, named after Ralph Pattison. Eventually the components of the WMI were distributed from the Warrnambool Library to various places, including the Art Gallery, Historical Society and Flagstaff Hill. Later some were even distributed to other regional branches of Corangamite Regional Library and passed to and fro. It is difficult now to trace just where all of the items have ended up. The books at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village generally display stamps and markings from Pattison as well as a variety of other institutions including the Mechanics’ Institute itself. RALPH ERIC PATTISON Ralph Eric Pattison was born in Rockhampton, Queensland, in 1891. He married Maude Swan from Warrnambool in 1920 and they set up home in Warrnambool. In 1935 Pattison accepted a position as City Librarian for the Warrnambool City Council. His huge challenge was to make a functional library within two rooms of the Mechanics’ Institute. He tirelessly cleaned, cleared and sorted a disarrayed collection of old books, jars of preserved specimens and other items reserved for exhibition in the city’s museum. He developed and updated the library with a wide variety of books for all tastes, including reference books for students; a difficult task to fulfil during the years following the Depression. He converted all of the lower area of the building into a library, reference room and reading room for members and the public. The books were sorted and stored using a cataloguing and card index system that he had developed himself. He also prepared the upper floor of the building and established the Art Gallery and later the Museum, a place to exhibit the many old relics that had been stored for years for this purpose. One of the treasures he found was a beautiful ancient clock, which he repaired, restored and enjoyed using in his office during the years of his service there. Ralph Pattison was described as “a meticulous gentleman whose punctuality, floorless courtesy and distinctive neat dress were hallmarks of his character, and ‘his’ clock controlled his daily routine, and his opening and closing of the library’s large heavy doors to the minute.” Pattison took leave during 1942 to 1942 to serve in the Royal Australian Navy, Volunteer Reserve as Lieutenant. A few years later he converted one of the Museum’s rooms into a Children’s Library, stocking it with suitable books for the younger generation. This was an instant success. In the 1950’s he had the honour of being appointed to the Victorian Library Board and received more inspiration from the monthly conferences in Melbourne. He was sadly retired in 1959 after over 23 years of service, due to the fact that he had gone over the working age of council officers. However he continued to take a very keen interest in the continual development of the Library until his death in 1969. The Pattison Collection, along with other items at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, was originally part of the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s collection. The Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute Collection is primarily significant in its totality, rather than for the individual objects it contains. Its contents are highly representative of the development of Mechanics' Institute libraries across Australia, particularly Victoria. A diversity of publications and themes has been amassed, and these provide clues to our understanding of the nature of and changes in the reading habits of Victorians from the 1850s to the middle of the 20th century. The collection also highlights the Warrnambool community’s commitment to the Mechanics’ Institute, reading, literacy and learning in the regions, and proves that access to knowledge was not impeded by distance. These items help to provide a more complete picture of our community’s ideals and aspirations. The Warrnambool Mechanics Institute book collection has historical and social significance for its strong association with the Mechanics Institute movement and the important role it played in the intellectual, cultural and social development of people throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. The collection of books is a rare example of an early lending library and its significance is enhanced by the survival of an original collection of many volumes. The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s publication collection is of both local and state significance. The Life of Florence L Barclay A Study in Personality by one of her daughters Publisher: GP Putnams Sons Date: 1927 Label on spine with typed text PAT 920 BAR Pastedown end page has sticker from Corangamite Regional Library Servicewarrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, book, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, pattison collection, warrnambool library, ralph eric pattison, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, the life of florence l barclay -
Tarnagulla History Archive
Family Trees of District - E to L, 1990s
Folder containing multiple typed and handwritten letters, notes and family trees. Family surnames connected with Tarnagulla E to L. -
Malmsbury Historical Society
Photograph (Item), Details Of Pvt 3166 H L Howlett Buried Belgium, Malmsbury 2011
Associated with - Wwi War Graves People - "Howlett, H L Bert Son Of L And M A Howlett" -
Ringwood and District Historical Society
Photograph, Ringwood High School Junior Football Team, 1960. (Left to right) - Front Row: A. Hancy, L. Smith, C. Pavey, J. McCubbin, T. Hancock, D. Baud, G. Anderson, P. Stevens, J. Reid. Middle Row: W. Pole, L. Prior, C. Healey, J. Stuchberry, T. Noy, A. Gray, G. Saines. Back Row: P. Fletcher, B. Moore, G. Sinclair
Piece of paper with photograph reads, "Ringwood High School, 1960. (Left to right) - Front Row: A. Hancy, L. Smith, C. Pavey, J. McCubbin, T. Hancock, D. Baud, G. Anderson, P. Stevens, J. Reid. Middle Row: W. Pole, L. Prior, C. Healey, J. Stuchberry, T. Noy, A. Gray, G. Saines. Back Row: P. Fletcher, B. Moore, G. Sinclair". -
Malmsbury Historical Society
Photograph (Item), World War 1 Grave Of Pvt 3166 H L Howlett At Belgium, Malmsbury 14/9/2011
Associated with - Wwi Belgium Buildings - Headstone People - "Howlett, H L Bert Son Of L And M A Howlett" -
Koorie Heritage Trust
Book, Baluk Arts et al, Baluk Wurrung stories from the Aboriginal people in South East Melbourne, 2011
Life histories of Aboriginal people living in and near Melbourne.103 P. photographs.Life histories of Aboriginal people living in and near Melbourne.life histories -- aboriginals, melbourne area. -
Bendigo Trades Hall Council & Literary Institute Inc.
Hard bound Book, Australia commonwealth Acts volume L 1952
Hard bound Book Australia commonwealth Acts Volume L 1952 -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Document - Research Report, R P Baird?, "The Melbourne L class cars", 1980s
Research Report- 3 A4 sheets, stapled in top left hand corner, titled "The Melbourne L class cars", detailing the history of the L class tram from the time of ordering by the PMTT to 1981, including changes to the body and their use. Includes notes on the motors, trucks, controllers. Written by R P Baird?Marked "draft" in top left hand corner and "R. P Baird" in top right hand corner.trams, tramways, pmtt, l class, tramcars, mmtb