3281.1 is a photograph of Terry Martin. "Terry Martin travelled to Melbourne to Melbourne to display his extensive collection of axes and to demonstrate the art of broadaxe cutting. The axe Terry is holding is over 200 years old and is believed to have been used by ship builders in their trade. Terry makes his own axe handles from district timber." (Snowy River Mail 23 September 1987) 3281.2 is of Erasmo Giove. who came to Australia with his wife, Mina. They eventually settled in Orbost where Erasmo worked as a sleeper cutter withn his wife working alongside him. The Gioves lived with their four children, Tina, Rocco, Benodino and Graziela, in Forest Road, Orbost,These photographs are associated with the timber and sleeper-cutting industry in the Orbost Region. Timber sleepers were superceded by concrete sleepers in c. 1970s. Orbost has historically been based on the timber industry, but that industry has declined considerably over the last 20 years..The number of locals involved in the timber industry has declined and many of the mills have closed. This item reflects a time when that industry was a significant contributor to the economy of the district.3281.1 is of a man standing holding a long handled axe. 3281.2 is of a man holding a cross cut saw and holding in the other hand a framed photograph of a swing saw.woodcutting-tools axe saw-cross-cut saw-swing timber-orbost sleeper-cutting giove-erasmo martin-terry

Series of 8 black and white photographs of the trackwork used at H crossings (where two tracks cross another two tracks at right angles.) .1 - H crossing being renewed. .2 - New H crossing laide out in a yard .3 - H crossing being completed at Queensway / Chapel and Dandenong Road, early 1968 with the All Saints church in the background. .4 - being renewed .5 - ditto .6 - ditto with a tram crossing. .7 - as for .4 .8 - showing extensive fish plating on a wooden longitudinal sleepers, plates bolted to the wood or timbers.trams, tramways, trackwork, rails, track materials, track repairs, sleepers, equipment, queensway, chapel st, dandenong road

Black and white photograph of trams on temporary track in St Kilda Road, Melbourne, late 1950's or early 1960's. Shows timber sleepered track, temporary huts, a transport bus, air compressor and temporary barriers and kerosene lamps. .1 - W2 379 outbound on temporary track, destination of Malv Tn Hall (Malvern Town Hall) route 6B. .2 - W2 262, followed by 775 and two other trams. W2 has the destination of East Malvern Darling Road, Route 4D. Printed on Fujichrome paper. Not known who took the photograph or when it was printed.Stamped in black ink on back "TMSV Sales"trams, tramways, st kilda rd, temporary track, reconstruction, malvern town hall, darling rd, tram 379, tram 262, tram 775

Relaying tram tracks at the eastern end of Aphrasia St., Newtown, looking east. The location is immediately west of the Pleasant St. intersection, soon after Aphrasia St. was extended from Pleasant St. to Pakington St. so that the three sharp curves for trams into Retreat Road, Pleasant St. and then Aphrasia St. were reduced to one, from Pakington into Aphrasia St. May 1914. Note that sleepers are being used 8in the construction. All the original tracks were laid as a "stringer" construction, as seen in items 9271 and 9214, with tie bars and continuous concrete about 50cm wide under each rail. The overhead is being worked on in two ways; safely with the horse drawn tower wagon, or less so by ladder.Black and white print on paper.GSR710/25/1/8 and 25-8, written on the reverse in pencil. The No. 1 in a circle written on reverse in ink.geelong tramway, relaying stringer tram tracks in geelong, stringer tram tracks, aphrasia st.

From late in 1960 VR took what were the first definite steps to close the Colac-Beech Forest line. 1,101 tonnes of freight per year flowed from Colac to Beech Forest because of increasing competition from the roads. From 1 July 1960 onwards, when pulpwood (hardwood) stopped being shipped from Beech Forest, a maximum of only 7,000 tonnes/year would be shipped to Colac. Including special trips passenger revenue earned a little more than $200 per annum. The issue of second-hand sleepers stopped entirely and the two track gangs only patrolled the track and tightened loose bolts. The line did not earn its way and on 4 November 1960 it was recommended that services over the narrow gauge line be discontinued.The rear of a goods train from Colac arrives at Beech Forest on 9 August 1961. The other line is the former Crowes line truncated at Weeaproinah in January 1955. In the background is the Beech Forest Hall and Shire of Otway offices. Colour.colac; beech forest; railway;

In 1955 staff numbers were reduced to an absolute minimum with one track gang at Beech Forest and one at Colac, one of whose members resided at Gellibrand. No new sleepers were issued to the track gangs after 1955/56, cut down ones being used instead. Albert Denning, the son of a Gellibrand selector, worked at Driver's planing mill and Hitt's Lardner mill before joining Victorian Railways in 1928 as an engine cleaner at Beech Forest and Crowes, the last one in both places. He later became a track repairer at Gellibrand and worked with this and the Colac track gang until 1962. Bill Jamieson was a track repairer on the Colac-Gellibrand gang from the 1950s until 1962, and witnessed the official policy of minimum maintenance in the last years of the line.B/W. 201mm x 254mm. In c.1950, the Colac track gang near Kawarren, featuring, from left to right, Bill Jamieson, Albert Denning, and Don Loury on an NKS motor trolley..colac; kawarren; railways; track gangs;

Built in 1942-1943, the Thai-Burma Railway was a 415 kilometre stretch of railway between Ban Pong, Thailand and Thanbyuzayat in Burma. It was constructed by the Japanese using civilian labourers and prisoners-of-war. It is estimated that 90,000 labourers and more than 12,000 POW’s died during construction of the railway.This is a commemorative object highlighting the role of medical personnel during the war and its impact on them personally and preofessionallyThis dogspike and its attached sleeper came from the Thai-Burma Railway. A dogspike is a rail fastening with a pointed end and a ‘plate holding’ head, giving the impression of a dog’s head. Built in 1942-1943, the Thai-Burma Railway was a 415 kilometre stretch of railway between Ban Pong, Thailand and Thanbyuzayat in Burma. It was constructed by the Japanese using civilian labourers and prisoners-of-war. It is estimated that 90,000 labourers and more than 12,000 POW’s died during construction of the railway. The dogspike was donated by Bill Sharp in 2014. It commemorates the Australian Medical personnel who became prisoners-of-war. they are listed on the plaque behind the spike.thai-burma, japanese, 1942-43, commemorative gift

Yields information about depot activities of the BTPS in building the depot fan and access track.Set of 8 AGFA blue and white plastic mount 27mm sq slides of various works at the BTPS depot during 1972 / 1974. .1 - View looking from roadway showing depot, and various works at the depot - 26 and 27 out front. .2 - Sawing timber sleepers to length - Noel Forster, Barry McCandlish, Bill Kingsley .3 - Ballasting the access track - Rolf Jinks and Clyde Croft .4 - working on the roof of 27 - Geoff Cargeeg and others. .5 - break time. .6 - Bob Prentice and Geoff Cargeeg? on roof of 27 .7 - ditto .8 - Interior photo of 27Various notations by John as to the slide number and the trams in pencil and ink.tramways, trams, btps, depot, track construction, trolley poles, interiors, tram 26, tram 27

Yields information about the commencement of construction of the BTPS depot in the south Gardens reserve and seeking new members.Newspaper clipping from The Courier, Ballarat, dated Monday 3/4/1972, titled "A new home for old trams". Item reporting the BTPS had poured the foundations for its proposed tram depot near the Botanic Gardens, a contract had been let for the steel fabrication and that 200 sleepers had been obtained from the VR from the Maryborough line. Features a photo of the site with a sign advising the purpose of the works and seeking new members. One of large group of newspaper cuttings from John Bainbridge, 7/4/02. See Reg Item 3817 for a print of the actual photograph.depot, btps, depot construction

Has a strong association with some of the volunteer workers who undertook work for the BTPS in there 1972/73 period.Black and white photographs of the installation of a pole adjacent to No. 3 road. The depot fan is progressing, No. 1 road points have been installed, overhead troughing to No. 2 and 3 roads installed and the transformer is by No. 1 road door. Date possibly 16 June 1973 - based on the list of dates in the 1972 - 73 Annual Report. Note the little sections of rail indicating the position of the curve into No. 1 road laid out on top of the sleepers. See also Reg Item 4758 to 4760 for similar photos and colour slides. See 1972 - 1973 Annual Report which has a list of dates on page 3 of events at the depot.Bob Prentice in ink on rear.trams, tramways, depot fan, btps, construction, tram 40, tram 27, tram 26?

Yields information about the way the BTPS in its early days went about collecting materials / sleepers for its work at the depot from track being excavated. Has track demolition in the background.Black and White copy photograph of a newspaper photograph taken by The Courier of Collecting sleepers from Sturt St West (left-right) Graham Evans, Noel Forster, Richard Gilbert, Hal Cain, Gavin Young, Warren Doubleday with track demolition work in the background. Photo taken 1/7 or 2/7/1972, published 3/7/1992. See Reg. Item 2211 for the photo used in the newspaper clipping. Collected by Alan Bradley from the Ballarat Courier early 1980's. See Excel file "Record of Ballarat Courier Photos BTM era" (Archive Documents) for source of details.On rear stamped "Copyright, The Ballarat Courier Proprietary Limited." and "80%" in the top left hand corner.tramways, trams, btps, demolition, track removal, sleepers

Series of 12 black and white photographs of the trackwork on the MMTB system. .1 - demolished track at a junction .2 - section of rail showing the flangeway missing .3 - junction plates between different weight railway . .4 - wood blocked track showing broken joint and failure .5 - ditto .6 - V crossing ,7 - ditto at a wooden sleepered crossing with puppy dog spikes. .8 - crossing possibly between tram and rail .9 - H crossing rail showing broken joints and wear .10 - ditto .11 - section of rail pumping - waterlogged .12 - damaged joint, pumping, broken joint plate.trams, tramways, trackwork, rails, points, crossover, track materials, track repairs

Black and white photograph of W5 No. 779 inbound to the City and Domain Road on route 56, on the open ballasted track just before passing under the railway line at the Zoo gardens area. Shows the open doors with the bars down. Photo of the tram slightly out of focus. Taken early 1950's by an unknown photographer. In the overhead shows a sign black cross in a circular disc and behind the tram a incandescent light suspended in the middle of the overhead. The photo shows the construction of the track at this location, dog spiked sleepers, the rail supports for the inner check rail. In the background behind the tram is the lever for the points of the crossover.On the rear in red ink "Melbourne tram shows use of Off-street tracks in an outer suburb"trams, tramways, zoo tram, reserved track, track construction, w5 class

Set of 14 black and white photographs of the use of former sleeper transport car, W2 485 - see page 80 of Destination City 5th Edition for more details of the tram. Tram body being used to train emergency staff how to recover a tramcar that had been tipped over onto its side. DC5, notes it was stored at Preston workshops and later "used an instruction car to train emergency crews in the righting of the overturned trams. It was overturned several times in this role." Note: - would have been at the time, probably the only way to do this, as mobile cranes were only just starting to be developed. Truck is an AEC built Matador truck. Possibly these photos who the first time used as such, as one of the life guards was being cut off in the photos. 1 - tram on its side 2 - ditto - showing underside of tram 3 - pulling one of the bogies clear. 4 - cutting away a lifeguard 5 - pulling the other bogie clear 6 - setting up the chains to recover the tram - note the sleepers it is lying on. 7 - ditto 8 - starting to lift the tramcar 9 - rolling the tramcar upright 10 - tram upright and being jacked up to roll the bogies back under 11 - pushing a bogie under 12 - ditto 13 - as for 9 14 - as for 10 15 - similar to 9trams, tramways, training, emergency, accidents, recovery, mmtb, preston workshops, tram 485, w2 class, aec, r10 vehicle, works cars

Set of eight colour photographs of the repair of northern end of Wendouree Parade. Photos taken on 22/3/2003, printed on AGFA paper. 2556.1 - Excavating the roadway. 2556.2 - Ditto showing the general length of work and edge problems - about 1.5 pole lengths shown. 2556.3 - Cleaning the web area - Len Millar and Paul Mong. 2556.4 - Installing screw spikes - 2556.5 - Drilling and cleaning - Alan Snowball, Kevin Taig, Len Millar and Paul Mong. 2556.6 - Looking along the length of work. 2556.7 - Getting ready to install a sleeper in the vicinity of the old track drain - Oedf Byslma at the controls. 2556.8 - Digging the old one out. trackwork, wendouree parade, track

In 1898 a recommendation for a railway of 2 ft 6 in gauge was handed down by the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Railways, to cost $138,000. Construction began in 1900. About 100 men were engaged in laying and ballasting the track while others, not included in the 100, formed the earthworks, culverts and bridges. Locomotive operations initially were two 2-6-2 Tank engines of the narrow gauge A class, dubbed "Coffee Pots", and these were used on the work trains between 1900 and 1902. Because of the lengthy periods of waiting time required to unload sleepers and rails or to load ballast meant that a handy replenishment of coal and water supply was necessary. With earthworks specified to the bare minimum landslips in the narrow cuttings were frequent so a repairer was stationed in each length to deal quickly with minor slips until 1904 when the cuttings were widened.B/W. The driver and seven other men on locomotive 5A and its flat cars at Beech Forest during construction of the line in c.1902. beech forest; railways; loco 5a;

Yields information about depot activities of the BTPS in building the depot fan and access track.Set of 4 AGFA blue and white plastic mount and one Kodachrome 27mm sq slides of various works at the BTPS depot during 1972 / 1974. .1 - Access track with ballast layer looking back to the depot. .2 - workers on top of Mt Jessup - the stockpile. .3 - 26, 27 and 40 peering out of the depot .4 - 27 on depot fan and sleepers. 27 was the display the tram Noel Gipps, Gavin Young, Bob Prentice .5 - volunteer on roof of tram - can't recall his name. .6 - access track at the level crossing .7 - view from level crossing .8 - Stewart Loddington standing by 26 - 26 has a briquettes sign.Various notations by John as to the slide number and the trams in pencil and ink.tramways, trams, btps, depot, track construction, trams, tram 26, tram 27

Report - comb bound 63 pages + appendices 30 pages - titled "Upgrading the tracks of Melbourne's Street Tramways", written by Bob Vanselow, MMTB Project Engineer and presented to the Third International Rail Sleeper Conference Brisbane September 1979. The paper looks at the then current system, historical track methods, current track laying methods and parameters, special work, crossings, joints, concrete mixes, design, open ballast track. The appendices has various diagrams and photographs showing track construction details. Hard copy added 29/3/2020 - received and printed in an e-mail dated 28/4/2011, from Bob Vanselow - See Reg Item 4431 for details.trams, tramways, track, mmtb, track laying, construction, sleepers, rails, points

Series of 8 black and white photographs of the trackwork equipment and tools on the MMTB system. .1 - Hydraulic drain cover lifting device. .2 - rack of jack hammers being lifted - St Kilda Road? .3 - length of rail being lifted by 12 men with MMTB equipment in the background. .4 - Pack of sleepers being lifted with many wood blocks in the background. .5 - pack of 12 jack hammers in their lifting rack. .6 - light weight tool being used to lift a track pit cover by two men. .7 - One man demonstrating the lifting of a 44 gallon drum. .8 - two men rolling a 44 gallon drum off a truck.trams, tramways, trackwork, rails, track materials, track repairs, sleepers, equipment

Negatives No. 279 and colour print made by colour laser printer (stored in folder ) of the construction of the west bound track in Bourke St near Queen St. The eastbound track at this location has been completed. Photo shows the nature of construction, sleepers on a concrete foundation and then concrete in. Envelope containing the slide not dated, but assumed to be 26/5/1954 as for Reg. Item 1559. Photo by Geoff Grant. Hi res scan of negative and image updated 19/5/2020. Four prints or copies of the photograph, 101mm square, added 1/6/03. Photo used in the Melbourne Immigration Museum's "Trammies" Exhibition Feb to May 2003. Prints made by the Immigration Museum for use in the making of the display panels.trams, tramways, melbourne, bourke st, construction, queen st

Yields information and demonstrates SEC Meeting minutes about discussions between the three Provincial operators about tramcars and operations.Minutes - 36 duplicated foolscap sheets pinned with a folding clip in top left hand corner - titled "Tramway Maintenance Minutes of 4th Annual Conference April 26, 1954 and May 1, 1954", in the Ballarat and the Melbourne offices Topics covered - cleaning of trams, tracks, track surface repairs, sleepers, car renovation, painting, flooring, notes on a Ballarat Field inspection, disinfecting blinds, electrical systems, truck maintenance, castings, maintenance costs, trolley wheels, oils and greases, alternation to Maximum Traction trams, spare part, fatigue of axles, accidents, track cleaners, shedmen, union claims,, amenities and a summary of actions. Each item where relevant looks back at the actions from the previous conference. Has a list of attendees. trams, tramways, minutes, sec, geelong, ballarat, bendigo, tramcar equipment, maintenance, trackwork, overhead, painting, trolley wheels, motors, one man trams, employees

Prepared by the City of Brisbane for the design of trackworkYields information on the design of trackwork.Set of nine City of Brisbane Tram Track drawings .1 - PPW91 - Standard Crossover left hand - 4'6" between tracks .2 - PPW2450 - Data for British Standard Crossings .3 - PPW 241 - Data for British Standard Lateral Switches .4 - PPW 463 - Concrete Track Construction is 102.73lb rail. .5 - PPW 501 - ditto for AS 82lb rail and other rails .6 - Not numbered - Concrete roads when using T rail sleepers .7 - PPW 575 - 150' radius RH crossover - 5' between tracks .8 - PPW 576 - 150' radius RH Crossover - 4'6" between tracks .9 - PPW 577 - 150' radius LH Crossover - 5' between tracks - 14/12/1948trackwork, points, switches, bcc transport, tramways

Yields information the construction of the depot fan and access track to Wendouree Parade and has a strong association with the workers in the photograph.Set of eight Black and white photographs of the extensions to the tram depot and commencement of the trackwork to lay the King points, late 1978, early 1979. .1 - View from south of the level crossing showing the depot front - note the road numbers and sign at the front have been taken down. The steelwork for the depot extension has been erected. .2 - site for the King points with the track materials lay roughly out alongside . .3 - No. 27 in front of 40 on 3 road. .4 - sleepers interlaced for the King Points .5 - all the future materials laid out on the avenue - was like this for a long time .6 - King point materials looking with the mound of earth in the background. .7 - close up of the site of the King point, with the trolley in the background. .8 - rear view of the depot showing the steelwork that had erected. trams, tramways, depot construction, btps, operations, trackwork, tram 27

Set of nine colour prints of the drainage works and initial track construction carried out by the BTPS outside the depot on 29/9/1972. Photos with hand written captions on rear. .1 - Drainage works No. 2 Road, BTPS Depot .2 - ditto .3 - ditto .4 - ditto .5 - ditto, working in the pit by the level crossing .6 - Drivers eye view from Car 27, No. 2 road construction commencing - sleepers laid out with rail alongside. .7 - Construction of No. 2 road BTPS depot proceeds .8 - Time: 5.46 3/4 - Subject "The first blow" R. Gilbert, Sec BTPS drives the first "doggie" on the track connecting No. 2 road of the depot to Wendouree Parade. .9 - Time: 5.47pm. Subject: R. Gilbert, Sec BTPS drives the first doggie on the track connecting the depot to Wendouree Parade. Picture take of the first "doggie" being driven home.In ink on rear of each photo "23/9/72" and details - see abovetrams, tramways, depot, construction, gardens, buildings, btps

Alexander Mathieson & Sons Ltd ('& Sons', after c. 1890), of the Saracen Tool Works, Glasgow, advertised as 'manufacturers of planes, mechanical, engineering and edge-tools'. They received 'prize medals' at the London, Melbourne and Edinburgh International Exhibitions of 1851, 1862, 1880 and 1886, in their 'quest for perfection in tools'. Mathieson's vast output included specialised craft implements for coopers, ship's carpenters, tinsmiths and wheelwrights. The firm originated when master plane-maker John Manners opened premises in Saracen Lane, Glasgow, in 1792. 4 Alexander Mathieson (c. 1797–1852) took over his business in 1821, which he gave as the foundation date of his firm. He was later succeeded by his son, Thomas A. Mathieson (1822–1899), a prominent Glasgow magistrate and preceptor of Hutcheson's Hospital charitable institution. In 1854, Mathiesons moved to East Campbell Street, and had opened branches in Edinburgh, Dundee and Liverpool by 1876. The third generation comprised Thomas O. and James H. Mathieson (born 1867), the latter being a Glasgow bailie (councillor), whose estate totalled an enormous £150,939 in 1926. Mathieson's hand- and small machine-tools (e.g. bandsaws and beading machines) were exported worldwide, especially their 'heavy duty auger bits used... for boring railway sleepers'. An auger is a drilling device, or drill bit, used for making holes in wood or in the groundMathieson Glasgow (crescent moon trade mark) 2 1/4 " borehand auger, auger, churchill island, farm, woodworking, woodwork, tools

Alexander Mathieson & Sons Ltd ('& Sons', after c. 1890), of the Saracen Tool Works, Glasgow, advertised as 'manufacturers of planes, mechanical, engineering and edge-tools'. They received 'prize medals' at the London, Melbourne and Edinburgh International Exhibitions of 1851, 1862, 1880 and 1886, in their 'quest for perfection in tools'. Mathieson's vast output included specialised craft implements for coopers, ship's carpenters, tinsmiths and wheelwrights. The firm originated when master plane-maker John Manners opened premises in Saracen Lane, Glasgow, in 1792. 4 Alexander Mathieson (c. 1797–1852) took over his business in 1821, which he gave as the foundation date of his firm. He was later succeeded by his son, Thomas A. Mathieson (1822–1899), a prominent Glasgow magistrate and preceptor of Hutcheson's Hospital charitable institution. In 1854, Mathiesons moved to East Campbell Street, and had opened branches in Edinburgh, Dundee and Liverpool by 1876. The third generation comprised Thomas O. and James H. Mathieson (born 1867), the latter being a Glasgow bailie (councillor), whose estate totalled an enormous £150,939 in 1926. Mathieson's hand- and small machine-tools (e.g. bandsaws and beading machines) were exported worldwide, especially their 'heavy duty auger bits used... for boring railway sleepers'. Damaged wooden handle (not original) bit welded on to metal rod, handle welded on to rod,. Surface rustMathieson + (illegible)mathieson, auger, tool, tools, farming, churchill island

Alexander Mathieson & Sons Ltd ('& Sons', after c. 1890), of the Saracen Tool Works, Glasgow, advertised as 'manufacturers of planes, mechanical, engineering and edge-tools'. They received 'prize medals' at the London, Melbourne and Edinburgh International Exhibitions of 1851, 1862, 1880 and 1886, in their 'quest for perfection in tools'. Mathieson's vast output included specialised craft implements for coopers, ship's carpenters, tinsmiths and wheelwrights. The firm originated when master plane-maker John Manners opened premises in Saracen Lane, Glasgow, in 1792. 4 Alexander Mathieson (c. 1797–1852) took over his business in 1821, which he gave as the foundation date of his firm. He was later succeeded by his son, Thomas A. Mathieson (1822–1899), a prominent Glasgow magistrate and preceptor of Hutcheson's Hospital charitable institution. In 1854, Mathiesons moved to East Campbell Street, and had opened branches in Edinburgh, Dundee and Liverpool by 1876. The third generation comprised Thomas O. and James H. Mathieson (born 1867), the latter being a Glasgow bailie (councillor), whose estate totalled an enormous £150,939 in 1926. Mathieson's hand- and small machine-tools (e.g. bandsaws and beading machines) were exported worldwide, especially their 'heavy duty auger bits used... for boring railway sleepers'. Wooden smoothing plane with handle. Adjustable via wedge. Borer holes in handle.Ward blade. Plane made by Mathieson & Son Glasgow Best Guaranteed.plane, block plane, hand tools, carpenter's tools, mathieson, churchill island

Set of 6 technical data sheets, published by the British Standards Institution in 1959 / 1960 providing information about the standards for various railway products in a summary sheet form. Each sheet has been folded into 8 with the title and other sheets on the outside when folded. .1 - Sheet 3A - Flat Bottom Railway Rails, fishplates and Steel sleepers - PD 3876 - August 1960. .2 - Sheet 3B - Axles, Tyres, Solid Rolled Steel Wheels and disc wheel centres - PD3277 - December 1959 .3 - Sheet 3C - Steel billets, blooms, bars and forgings for railway rolling stock - PD 3361 - April 1959 .4 - Sheet 3D - Steel slabs, plates, sections, bars and rivets for loco boilers, locomotives, carriages and wagons - PD 3387, May 1959. .5 - Sheet 3E - Laminated springs and spring steels - PD 3365 April 1959 .6 - Sheet 3F - Helical and Volute Springs and Spring Steelstrams, tramways, steel, wheels, springs, specification, materials

This memorial designed by Peter Blizzard is dedicated to more than 36,000 Australian men and women were held captive as prisoners by the enemy during the Boer War, World War 1, World War 2 and the Korean War. This memorial honours and names them, the names are etched into the black granite wall adjacent to the pathway. Water springs from beneath the 'Lest We Forget' stone then flows down the wall into the narrow watercourse in front of the first group of names and into the reflective pool, then continues past the second group of names. Finally it disappears under the pathway, returning to its source under the 'Lest We Forget' stone to start the journey again. Water symbolizes the essential nature of man, sacrifice, suffering, spirituality, healing, cleansing, birth and re-birth. The memorial is created from natural materials and is designed to be in harmony with the Ballarat Botanical Gardens, and to create a sense of timeless, dignity and respect. The long pathway of the monument is designed to create a visual perspective of the large distances that Australians travelled to the various conflicts. The paving is shaped like railway sleepers in recognition of the role that railways and railway journeys were relevant to many prisoners of war. The Memorial was declared the first military memorial of national significance located outside Canberra in 2008. Dedication services are held at the memorial on the Sunday closest to 6th of February, ANZAC day and on Remembrance Day. The memorial is of historical and aesthetic importance to the people of BallaratMonument made from carved bluestone, water feature and flagsInscribed with the names of 36,000 Australian men and women were held captive as prisoners by the enemy during the Boer War, World War 1, World War 2 and the Korean War. The listing is by surname and initials and shown by war.prisoners of war, boer war, world war 1, world war 2, korean war, lest we forget, peter blizzard