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Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - Framed photograph of John Bennett, John E. Bennett, 1926
This photograph was taken when John Bennett was the Chairman of the North Western Woollen Mills Company of Stawell in 1926. English born John Bennett came to Warrnambool in1909 and was the first manager of the Warrnambool Woollen Mill. He went back to Yorkshire in England to purchase equipment before the opening of the Mill in 1910. He was manager of the Warrnambool Woollen Mill for nearly 20 years, finishing in 1928 and dying in the same year. The Warrnambool Woollen Mill was a major 20th Century industry, closing in the year 2000.This photograph is of considerable significance as a memento of the first manager of the Warrnambool Woollen Mill one of the most important industries in Warrnambool's history.This is a black and white photograph in a circular wooden frame, with a wooden mount covered with a concave glass. It has a plaque at the base with white printing.John E. Bennett First Chairman of Directors North Western Woollen Mills Pty. Ltd. 1926warrnambool woollen mill -
Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, 9 Minifie Avenue, Anglesea, c.1949
John Ingram, baker of Research and his wife Ada (nee Key) owned a holiday house at 9 Minifie Avenue, Anglesea. At some time between 1943 and 1949 they relocated permanently to Anglesea. It is difficult to make out the car (registration 155-405). It appears to be a roadster style with wooden spoke wheels and spare wheel mounted on boot. Typical of a 1928 Dodge roadster. The woman standing in front of the fence in a swimming suit, holding a towel and wearing a coat is unidentified. The house is named 'Glenair'.9 minifie avenue, anglesea, house, ada ingram (nee key), 155-405 (victorian registration), car, john ingram, glenair, ingram family, pam thoonen (nee ingram) collection -
Phillip Island and District Historical Society Inc.
coloured photograph, Ellen Soumprou, 1895-1979, About 1925
Ellen was the Manageress of the Continental Guest House. Comment on this photo Sally Douglas 16 December 2017 10:36 PM This has to be Ellen Florence Soumprou 1895 Carlton. Her nickname was Nellie. She was a first cousin of my mother Ella (Sevior) Douglas. In 1928 Ellen married Thomas Percy Swinburne. Ellen's parents were Ellen Sevior and Louis Alfred Soumprou. I have later pics of Ellen Soumprou and a Studio Portrait of Ellen SeviorBlack & white photograph, manually colouredEllen Soumprouelllen soumprou, phillip island, continental guest house, local history -
Mission to Seafarers Victoria
Article - Newspaper Clipping, Seamen's Mission Workers And Departing Chaplain, 1929
Reverend Howard Sinclair Bailey and his wife left the South Shields Seamen's Mission, England, to work in Melbourne to replace Reverend John Reginald Weller who had left in January 1929 to work as Superintendant in London. Reverend Bailey arrived in May 1929 on the ship Cathay. He had been working in South Shields for two years. During WWI, he was on active service with the Australian troops in Egypt and Palestine. The article was found loose in the fan album dating 1928.The article relates to one of the chaplains who have worked at the Melbourne Mission.Newspaper article with photographreverend howard sinclair bailey, south shields, england, 1929 -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Book, Chambers’s Journal 1874, 1874
This is a book given to Margaret Davidson in 1875 by her aunt, Mrs J. Davidson. Margaret Milne Davidson (1839-1928) was the eldest child of James and Isabella Davidson and she was born in Kirriemuir, Scotland. She came to the Warrnambool area in 1850. The property, ‘Woodend’, was near Cassadys Bridge (Caramut Road today). The aunt, Mrs J. Davidson would be the wife of John Davidson, the brother of James and a farmer at ‘Rosebank’, Woodford. The portraits of John and James Davidson are on the Warrnambool Pioneer Honour Board. This book is of interest because of its inscription. The book is connected to the Davidson families, prominent in Warrnambool’s pioneer history.This is a hard cover book of 832 pages. The book has a dark green cover with dark green and gold lettering with ornamental gold surrounds. The book has an index, short stories, poems, essays and articles on science and the arts. The book contains monthly journals for 1874 combined in one volume. The cover is stained and blotched. There are several stamps of the Warrnambool & District Historical Society. The inscription on the first page is handwritten in black ink. ‘Margaret M. Davidson, Woodend, from her aunt, Mrs J. Davidson, 30/9/75’.margaret davidson, james and john davidson, history of warrnambool -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Brass Plate, Mr E Ladner, Circa 1920
Ernest Ladner worked as manager for Saltau & Sons who were produce merchants of Kepler St Warrnambool. he was a keen golfer and fisherman and were often mentioned in the social pages of the town from around 1915 through to the late 1930's. He was involved in the local Chamber of Commerce and the local branch of the ANA with his wife being president in 1928. Ernest and his wife lived at "Glencoe" a substantial property on the corner of Timor and Ryot Streets . He died in 1958.A link to someone who was an active part of the social and business life of the town and as such has social and historical significance.Rectangular small brass plate with name stamped and infilled with black. two screw holes in top corners. Mr E Ladnerwarrnambool, ernest ladner, saltau and sons, chamber of commerce warrnambool -
Orbost & District Historical Society
Functional object - brass plaque, name plaque, 1889
Dr James Kerr practised medicine in Orbost from 1889 -1928. He was the first doctor to settle in Orbost. He served the Orbost community for 40 years travelling everywhere on horseback. He married Hilda Constance Temple in Orbost on November 30, 1893. On April 29th 1931, three glass windows were dedicated to "Dr James Kerr. Beloved Physician of Orbost" in St James Church of England , Orbost. ( Ref Orbost Hospital, History, Personalities and Stories by Margaret Hollands)Dr James Kerr was the first doctor to settle in Orbost. He was an integral part of the Orbost community for over 40 years. This plaque was at his house where he had his surgery. The house no longer exists. Large, brass rectangle housed in dark wooden frame. Deeply engraved and blackened writing filling almost entire plaque.Dr. KERR, / Surgeon.dr kerr, orbost surgeon, medical practioner, regional doctor, brass door plaque, 1889-1928 -
Puffing Billy Railway
6 NC - Victorian Railways Full Guard's Van, 1919
6 NC Brake Van (4 ton capacity) Service History Purchased by the Puffing Billy Preservation Society (Body & underframe only): NC 6 Brake Van (4 ton capacity) - Awaiting restoration *NC 6.VA - 17/12/1919 NWS Built new - /11/1928 - Modified AC Malco BO 5/10/1934 NWS Into Workshops - 9/10/1934 NWS Out of Workshops (5 days) 17/ 3/1955 - Scrapped Historic - Victorian Railways - narrow gauge rolling stock - NC Class Full Guard's Van 6 NCTimber Guards Van wrought iron framepuffing billy, nc van, narrow gauge, victorian railways, 6nc, guards van, narrow gauge rolling stock -
Lake Bolac & District Historical Society
Black and white photograph, William Arthur Park, Corporal 4th Field Artillery Brigade, WW1
William Arthur Park, a Corporal in the 4th Field Artillery Brigade. He enlisted 15/07/1915 and his date of embarkation was 18/11/1915. William was awarded the Military Medal for gallantry in France. Upon returning to Australia he took up farming at Mininera in 1920 on land purchased prior to enlistment. He married Caroline Biggin. Unfortunately he never fully recovered from the gas attacks he suffered on the battlefield and died at the early age of 43 in 1928.park, 4th field artillery brigade, military medal, france, mininera, biggin, -
Mt Dandenong & District Historical Society Inc.
Photograph
Francis Matthew (Frank) Child (1928 – 2020) was the son of Bernard Child (1907 – 1995). Bernard was the son of Ethel May Madden and an unknown father. When Ethel married Ted Child in 1908 Bernard was raised by Ted’s parents Francis and Martha Child. Bernard married Dulcie Paice (1904 – 1990) and they had one son, Frank Child, before they divorced in 1943. Ivy Child was the daughter of Ted Child and Ethel Madden so Frank Child was her nephew.Black and white photograph of a well dressed man kneeling in a garden holding a cat.On reverse; FRANK CHILD + IVY'S CAT DORLAM. CHILD'S ROAD.frank child, ivy child, cat, child family, child's road, childs road -
Melbourne Legacy
Programme, Junior Legacy Club Annual Demonstration 1938, 1938
A program of an Annual Demonstration by Junior Legatees at the Melbourne Town Hall on Tuesday 25th October 1938. Throughout the year Melbourne Legacy provided classes for Junior Legatees such as dancing, gymnastics and eurythmics, the Demonstration was an annual event to showcase their skills. Melbourne Legacy conducted Annual Demonstrations / Parades from 1928 through to the 1980s, usually held at Melbourne Town Hall or Olympic Pool Stadium. The beautiful costumes were made by members of the Junior Legacy Mothers' Club and the Melbourne Legacy Wives' Association. A record of a Junior Legacy Demonstration in 1938.Printed programme for 1938, black print on pale blue card and paperHandwritten 'Aaron Beattie' on cover in blue pen.annual demonstration, junior legatee -
Melbourne Legacy
Negative - Glass plate, Annual Demonstration
Photo of the finale at a Melbourne Junior Legatee Annual Demonstration at the Melbourne Town Hall the year is unknown. Throughout the year Melbourne Legacy provided classes for Junior Legatees such as dancing, gymnastics and eurythmics, the Demonstration was an annual event to showcase their skills. Melbourne Legacy conducted Annual Demonstrations / Parades from 1928 through to 1980s, usually held at Melbourne Town Hall. The beautiful costumes were made by members of the Junior Legacy Mothers' Club and the Melbourne Legacy Wives' Association.A record of a Junior Legacy Demonstration.Glass negative of a Legacy demonstration, edge of glass is covered with brown tape.junior legatee, annual demonstration -
Melbourne Legacy
Programme, Melbourne Legacy Annual Demonstration 1964, October 1964
A programme for an Annual Demonstration in 1964 at Melbourne Town Hall on Saturday 24th October 1964. Throughout the year Melbourne Legacy provided classes for Junior Legatees such as dancing, gymnastics and Eurythmics. The Demonstration was an annual event to showcase their skills. Melbourne Legacy conducted Annual Demonstrations / Parades from 1928 through to the 1980's, usually held at Melbourne Town Hall or Olympic Pool Stadium. The beautiful costumes were made by members of the Junior Legacy Mothers' Club and the Melbourne Legacy Wives' Association.A record of a Junior Legacy Demonstration in 1964.Cardboard program in blue, white, red and gold. Contains running order, acts and names of instructors. Presented at the Melbourne Town Hall Saturday 24th October 1964junior legatee, legacy demonstration -
Melbourne Legacy
Programme, Legacy on Parade 1975, August 1975
A programme for a Legacy Demonstration at the Melbourne Town Hall on Saturday 16th August 1975. Throughout the year Melbourne Legacy provided classes for Junior Legatees such as dancing, gymnastics and eurythmics, the Demonstration was an annual event to showcase their skills. Melbourne Legacy conducted Annual Demonstrations / Parades from 1928 through to the 1980's, usually held at Melbourne Town Hall or Olympic Pool Stadium. The beautiful costumes were made by members of the Junior Legacy Mothers' Club and the Melbourne Legacy Wives' Association.A record of a Junior Legacy demonstration in 1975.Cardboard program, blue cover with white text. Includes running order, acts and names of instructors. From the Annual Demonstration held at the Melbourne Town Hall Saturday 16th August 1975.junior legatee, annual demonstration, legacy on parade -
Melbourne Legacy
Photograph, Annual Demonstration 1973, 1973
Throughout the year Melbourne Legacy provided classes for Junior Legatees such as dancing, gymnastics and eurythmics, the Demonstration was an annual event to showcase their skills. Melbourne Legacy conducted Annual Demonstrations / Parades from 1928 through to the late 1980's, usually held at Melbourne Town Hall or Olympic Pool Stadium. The beautiful costumes were made by members of the Junior Legacy Mothers' Club and the Melbourne Legacy Wives' Association. Whilst the cost to Legacy was very small, the quality of the work produced was truly professional.This photograph is of historical and social significance as it serves as photographic evidence of the work that the Legacy Wives' Association and Junior Legacy Mothers' Club produced over the years.Black and white photo of a group of performers on stage for the Legacy Golden Jubilee demonstration.Stamped "This Photograph is the compliments of the Ministry of Tourism, Government of Victoria. Please acknowledge / Photo: Michael Cheshire" in black ink.junior legatee, annual demonstration, golden jubilee, costumes -
Melbourne Legacy
Photograph, Annual Demonstration
Throughout the year Melbourne Legacy provided classes for Junior Legatees such as dancing, gymnastics and eurythmics, the Demonstration was an annual event to showcase their skills. Melbourne Legacy conducted Annual Demonstrations / Parades from 1928 through to the 1980's, usually held at Melbourne Town Hall or Olympic Pool Stadium. The beautiful costumes were made by members of the Junior Legacy Mothers' Club and the Melbourne Legacy Wives' Association. Whilst the cost to Legacy was very small, the quality of the work produced was truly professional.A record of a Junior Legacy Demonstration and of the work that the Legacy Wives' Association and Junior Legacy Mothers' Club produced over the years.Black and white photo of a troupe of ballerinas dancing around a carriage upon a stage.junior legatee, annual demonstration, costumes -
Melbourne Legacy
Photograph - Photo, Annual Demonstration
Photograph of a Legacy Demonstration, teenage girls in costumes, some in military style costumes, some holding Australian flags. Throughout the year Melbourne Legacy provided classes for Junior Legatees such as dancing, gymnastics and eurythmics, the Demonstration was an annual event to showcase their skills. Melbourne Legacy conducted Annual Demonstrations / Parades from 1928 through to 1979, usually held at Melbourne Town Hall. The beautiful costumes were made by members of the Junior Legacy Mothers' Club and the Melbourne Legacy Wives' Association.A record of a Junior Legacy Demonstration.Black and white photo of Junior Legatees on stage at an annual demonstration.junior legatee, legacy demonstration, costumes -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Uniform - Scout Leader outfit, Scout Association of Victoria, 1980s
Uniform of a Victorian Branch Commissioner, with blue epaulettes and a green and yellow bread scarf. The uniform was worn by Dr. Geoffrey E. Miles (b.1928) a Scout at 2nd Kew, the Scout Troop affiliated with Trinity Grammar School. He was subsequently an Assistant Scout Master (ASM) at 2nd Kew and was later Group [Scout Master (GSM) in charge of the 4th Kew Scout Group. At one time the Victorian Branch Commissioner for Health, he was awarded the Medal of Merit for services to Scouting in 1993.Short-sleeved, collarless fabric shirt of khaki color, with embroidered badges. Also fabric neck scarf, with braid and vinyl holdfast (woggle). And leather belt with metal clasp with Scout design and a number of enamelled badges.scouts, 2nd kew scouts, geoffrey e. miles, trinity grammar school, 4th kew scouts -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Digital image from a photocopy, Isabel and Shirley Mair, 1931, Original: c1931
These are the youngest two children of Dave and Lily Mair. Geoffrey, Beryl and Gwynne were born while they lived in East Melbourne. Isabel may have been born in Mont Albert after they moved to Louise Avenue. Shirley was born after they moved to 20 Barton Street, Mont Albert. The children attended Mont Albert Central School. Isabel Lillian (1921-1997) and Shirley Inez (1928-1968). This is part of a large collection relating to the Deakin, Mair and Young families.This is part of a large collection relating to the Deakin, Mair and Young families with many connections to Surrey Hills and Mont Albert.A black & white image of 2 young girls seated in a garden setting; the younger one is in the lap of the other and is holding a bunch of flowers.On a label adhered to the top of the original: "Isabel & Shirley Jan. 1931" Rear in lead pencil: "Isabel Lilian Mair / nursing her young sister / Shirley Inez Mair / 1931"isabel lillian mair, shirley inez mair, children -
Brighton Historical Society
Clothing - Swimsuit, circa 1930s
This swimsuit belonged to Jessie Aldred (nee Dell, 1903-1995). Jessie was a dressmaker who married Frederick Ashley Aldred (1902-1974) in 1928. They lived at 34 Thomas Street, Sandringham from the late 1920s until at least the late 1970s. BHS also has a photo of Jessie on Hampton Beach in the 1920s. Seagull swimsuits were designed by Peter O'Sullivan (who also designed Black Lance swimwear) and manufactured by Botany Knitting Mills Pty Ltd in Melbourne.One piece black wool lastex swimsuit with mini-shorts and a modesty skirt to cover the tops of the thighs. White straps and white lacing down centre bodice. Seagull logo on left thigh. Low back; straps fasten with buttons at back waist. Hidden drawstring at back waist.Label: "This Seagull Swimsuit is protected by the patent and designs reg. nos. 22340/35, 13277, 16028/34".jessie aldred, jessie dell, swimwear, seagull, 1930s, melbourne designers -
National Wool Museum
Container - Glass Plate Box, Criterion Plates Papers Films Ltd, 1900 - 1940
This item is part of a collection of six black and white glass lantern slides previously housed in this box. The slides and this box are part of a greater collection of around forty three black and white glass lantern slides, along with other photographs and photo albums related to this collection. This item is associated with the New South Wales Graziers Association world tour of merino sheep 1928/9. The slides were possibly used as supporting material in presentations made by J W Allen when on tour.Brown paper box with printed black text on a label adhered to top. Paper with hand written text is also stuck to top.top: [handwritten] DIAGRAMS OF WOOL / FOLLICLES + FIBRES. / CHART OF MERINO / FLEECE / + Micrographsnew south wales graziers association, travel, agriculture, j w allen, photography, glass lantern slide, sheep, breeding -
National Wool Museum
Container - Glass Plate Box, Kodak Limited, 1900 - 1940
This item is part of a collection of four black and white glass lantern slides previously housed in this box. The slides and this box are part of a greater collection of around forty three black and white glass lantern slides, along with other photographs and photo albums related to this collection. This item is associated with the New South Wales Graziers Association world tour of merino sheep 1928/9. The slides were possibly used as supporting material in presentations made by J W Allen when on tour.Brown paper box with printed black and red text on top, and handwritten text on top. Labels with printed text are also on the sides and bottom on the box.Top: [handwritten] NICHOLS / LAMB [printed] OPEN IN PHOTOGRAPHIC DARKROOM / Kodak / PLATES / TROPICALLY HARDENED / MADE IN GREAT BRITAIN BY KODAK LIMITED LONDON / TRADE MARK PROTECTED THROUGHOUT THE WORLDnew south wales graziers association, travel, agriculture, j w allen, photography, glass lantern slide, sheep, breeding -
National Wool Museum
Container - Glass Plate Box, Ilford Ltd, 1900 - 1940
This item is part of a collection of seven black and white glass lantern slides previously housed in this box. The slides and this box are part of a greater collection of around forty three black and white glass lantern slides, along with other photographs and photo albums related to this collection. This item is associated with the New South Wales Graziers Association world tour of merino sheep 1928/9. The slides were possibly used as supporting material in presentations made by J W Allen when on tour.Brown paper box with printed blue and black text on top. Stamped text is also shown on the side of the box.top: [printed] ILFORD / SPECIAL LANTERN PLATES / CONTRASTYnew south wales graziers association, travel, agriculture, j w allen, photography, glass lantern slide, sheep, breeding -
National Wool Museum
Container - Glass Plate Box, Criterion Plates Papers Films Ltd, 1900 - 1940
This item is part of a collection of six black and white glass lantern slides previously housed in this box. The slides and this box are part of a greater collection of around forty three black and white glass lantern slides, along with other photographs and photo albums related to this collection. This item is associated with the New South Wales Graziers Association world tour of merino sheep 1928/9. The slides were possibly used as supporting material in presentations made by J W Allen when on tour.Brown paper box with printed black text on a label adhered to top. Paper with hand written text is also stuck to top.top: [handwritten] GRAPHS OF / WOOL FIBRE THICKNESSnew south wales graziers association, travel, agriculture, j w allen, photography, glass lantern slide, sheep, breeding -
Federation University Art Collection
Work on paper - Bookplate, Hart, Pro, Bookplate for Robert Littlewood by Pro Hart, 1999
Pro (Kevin Charles) HART (30 May 1928 – 28 March 2006) Born Broken Hill, New South Wales Pro Hart drew upon a variety of techniques in his paintings, including layering, chiaroscuro, glazing, scumbling, scratching and Alla prima. Insects, particularly ants and dragonflies, are among Hart’s most popular and most identifiable images. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Etched bookplate featuring ants. This is the only etched Bookplate Pro Hart created, and one of only two Ex Libris designs created by the artist. It was made in Broken Hill, New South Wales in 1999 for his friend Robert Littlewood. Printed on fine art paper in the intaglio method directly from the original copper plate. The plate was needled by the artist using a make-shift tool cut from mild steel. This Bookplate is the subject of a small Private Press book written by Professor Karal Ann Marling (retired), of the University of Minnesota, to be published by The Lytlewode Press, 2010.pro hart, ex libris, bookplate, robert littlewood, keith wingrove memorial trust, ant -
Federation University Art Collection
Painting - oil painting, 'Ant' by Pro Hart, 1967
Pro (Kevin Charles) HART (30 May 1928 – 28 March 2006) Born Broken Hill, New South Wales Pro Hart drew upon a variety of techniques in his paintings, including layering, chiaroscuro, glazing, scumbling, scratching and Alla prima. Insects, particularly ants and dragonflies, are among Hart’s most popular and most identifiable images. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.A framed red, blue and coral asbstract painting featuring one ant. Signed lower left "Ant" 1967art, artwork, ant, pro hart, australian outback painting, oil on board, ballarat teachers' college collection -
Federation University Art Collection
Work on paper, 'Yabbie Eater' by Pro Hart
Pro (Kevin Charles) HART (30 May 1928 – 28 March 2006) Born Broken Hill, New South Wales Pro Hart drew upon a variety of techniques in his paintings, including layering, chiaroscuro, glazing, scumbling, scratching and Alla prima. Insects, particularly ants and dragonflies, are among Hart’s most popular and most identifiable images. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Framed limited edition print. Donated through the Australian Government's Cultural Gifts Programme by Katherine Littlewood.pro hart, yabbie, printmaking, available -
Federation University Art Collection
Work on paper - Bookplate, 'Ex Libris PRO HART' by David Frazer, not dated
Pro (Kevin Charles) HART (30 May 1928 – 28 March 2006) Born Broken Hill, New South Wales Pro Hart drew upon a variety of techniques in his paintings, including layering, chiaroscuro, glazing, scumbling, scratching and Alla prima. Insects, particularly ants and dragonflies, are among Hart’s most popular and most identifiable images. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Bookplate featuring a giant Pro Hart with palette dwarfing poppet heads in Broken Hill."Ex Libris PRO HART"pro hart, bookplate, poppet head -
Melbourne Legacy
Programme, Legacy On Parade 1973, 1973
Programme of a Legacy Demonstration at the Melbourne Town Hall on 5th and 6th October 1973. It was Legacy's Golden Jubilee Year. Throughout the year Melbourne Legacy provided classes for Junior Legatees such as dancing, gymnastics and eurythmics, the Demonstration was an annual event to showcase their skills. Melbourne Legacy conducted Annual Demonstrations / Parades from 1928 through to 1979, usually held at Melbourne Town Hall. The beautiful costumes were made by members of the Junior Legacy Mothers' Club and the Melbourne Legacy Wives' Association.A record of a Junior Legacy annual demonstration in 1973.Printed programme for 1973, colour photo of the NGV Great Hall, white card with black print. annual demonstration, junior legatee, golden jubilee -
Melbourne Legacy
Photograph - Photo, Girls Classes
Throughout the year Melbourne Legacy provided classes for Junior Legatees such as dancing, gymnastics and eurythmics, the Demonstration was an annual event to showcase their skills. Melbourne Legacy conducted Annual Demonstrations / Parades from 1928 through to the late 1970's, usually held at Melbourne Town Hall or Olympic Pool Stadium. The beautiful costumes were made by members of the Junior Legacy Mothers' Club and the Melbourne Legacy Wives' Association. Whilst the cost to Legacy was very small, the quality of the work produced was truly professional.This photograph serves as photographic evidence of the work put into the annual demonstrations.Black and white photo of performers posing for a photo in their eurythmics outfits.Stamped on the back of the photo: "Commonwealth of Australia / Department of Information" in purple ink.junior legatee, annual demonstration