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Federation University Historical Collection
Plan, Mild Steel Boiler for Yarrawee Suction Dredge, 16 January 1907
George Milford, a long term staff member of Thompsons Foundry Castlemaine, remembers discussing Alexander Sinclair with this son, Alex Sinclair Jnr. "When Alex Jnr was a boy, his father, a senior design engineer, was sent to Malaya to oversee the erection on site of a suction cutter dredge for Thompsons. This was an adaptation of the idea of a bucket-dredge, where gold is won from alluvial gravels. In the 1915-1920 era, the Thompsons Engineering Department designed a suction-cutter dredge, by which hydraulic suction with a revolving cutter at the end of a long proboscis would collect the alluvial soil and deliver it into the dredge for recovery of the precious metals. Export marketing was then ‘all the go’, and the tin dredges were ordered from Thompsons, using the new cutter design. The dredges were, of course, shipped to Malaya in pieces, ready to be assembled on site. A number of Thompsons employees were selected to travel to Malaya to assemble the dredges. There were fourteen men in the gang. These men sailed on 1st July 1925, their number including Delmenico, McKay and Charles Albert Hauser, an engine driver. C A Hauser died of malaria in Malaya shortly after arrival. Components for a further three of these dredges were in transit or on site when the first suction-cutter dredge was assembled and tested. The designers had failed to take into account the fact that, in the jungle floor in Malaya, many trees grow up, and fall down, in tropical conditions, and become submerged still waterlogged in the floor of the jungle, and in the tin-bearing gravels. The suction-cutter dredge was found to be inefficient in these circumstances, the price of tin had fallen and the Malayan client reneged on the contract. Faced with an outlay of over £4,000 on which no money would be received, the company went bankrupt on 25th August 1925. Alex Sinclair Snr was at that stage in Malaya, and received the news of the bankruptcy by telegram. Upon telegraphing his employers for funds to return home, he received the reply that there were no such funds available. Alex Sinclair Jnr told the story of how his father worked as a labourer in Malaya for two years, while his mother took in washing and ironing during the same period, until together they had assembled enough money to pay for his father’s return Anyone who talks about “the good old days” is talking nonsense!"Large blue printed paper plan outlining the conditions of contract for the making of a steel boiler. The Blueprint includes design drawings and written contract specifying materials, time frame and costs. Signed on front 'Alec Sinclair Consulting Engineer, 31 Queen Street, Melbourne'. Stamped on verso 'Printed by Paterson & Co, Colonial Mutual Chambers, Collins St, Melbourne'. blueprint, designs and plans, yarrawee suction dredge, conditions of contract, thompsons foundry castlemaine, george milford -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Poster - Posters, Minna Von Barnhelm
1 of 15 colour laminated posters of the Deutsche Theatre, Tatura, of the various productions of Wilhelm Tell, Minna Von Barnhelm Der Kaufmann Von Denedig (Shakespeare), Siegfried's Tod Odenwald scene. Camp theatre productions. Wilhelm Fugman, producer. Colour photograph of poster in theatre folder.Colour poster of a man and women dressed in old time clothes. The man is bent over the hand of the lady and appears to be kissing it. Name of play and dates of play on left hand side.camp theatre productions, wilhelm tell, shakespear productions in camps -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Letter - Correspondence, Patricia M. Bates, 9/08/1993
Letter from Patricia Bates to Nunawading Historical Society asking for help in researching her family history. Includes many details of relations.Mrs Bates lived in Schwerkolt Cottage for a time.bates, patricia m, schwerkolt cottage, flynn family -
Orbost & District Historical Society
newsletter, St James, Orbost Parish Messenger November, 1933, November 1933
St. James' Anglican Church, Orbost, was conceived and built as a memorial to the men 'who served and suffered during the Great War' as noted on the foundation stone. The Right Reverend GH Cranswick, DD, Bishop of Gippsland, laid the stone on 1 October 1927. This parish newsletter was published regularly to inform church members of all the latest news, events and information.For many years the Anglican people of Orbost have enjoyed the fellowship of the church and the children, in particular, were socially and spiritually involved. This item is reminiscent of the first half of the 20th century when church-going was more common.A four page newsletter titled, Parish Messenger for Orbost, November 1933, Vol 6 -No 83. It lists the services, times, meetings and news. The rector at the time was Rev. K.E. Hamilton.st-james-anglican-church church newsletter -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Postcard - Gasworks, Power Station, 25 Jan 1928
One from a set of six postcards related to the Gasworks and produced from early images by the City of Port Phillip: Morning tea time at the power station 25 January 1928Cards have three logos: Gasworks Arts, City of Port Phillip, Gas and Fuel Corporationindustry, utilities - gas, south melbourne gasworks -
NMIT (Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE)
Cards: Preston Technical School student card 1960s
White card with red text 'This is to certify that / the bearer is a full / time student of the / above school. / Students' Name / Students' Signature / Valid for the Year Only / Principal'. Intended to be folded in half.preston technical school, students, nmit -
Unions Ballarat
The witless men, 1975
About the ALP in the 1970s, including discussion of the economy and impacts of tariff decisions made by the Whitlam government.Relevant to the history of politics in Australia, particularly the ALP in the 1970s.Paper; book. Front cover: blue background; ; black and caricatures of significant political figures (represented as balloons); a pink jester wearing an "It's Time" badge; pink and black lettering. Cover: author and book name.btlc, ballarat trades hall, ballarat trades and labour council, alp, australian labor party, politics, government, whitlam, gough, economy, prime minister, alp - federal executive -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Letter - Correspondence, Mary Jackschowsky, 13/07/1927
Letter from Bona & Carmichael, Solicitors, requesting information re present financial situation of Mary Jackschowsky and her husband and his nationality at time of Marriage from Public Trusteejackschowsky, mary elizabeth, bona & carmichael, schwerkolt, f, public trustee -
Canterbury History Group
Document - Jane Callard's memories of "Haslemere"
Notes taken after a talk with Jane Callard about the time her family spent at "Haslmere" Her father was Murice Callard a well known radio personality from 3DBcanterbury, mont albert road, "haslmere", callard> maurice -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Photograph - Photograph - Main Breakwater construction, Portland, n.d
Port of Portland Authority Archivesport of portland archives, harbour construction, night time, main breakwater, portland harbour, development -
University of Melbourne, Burnley Campus Archives
Newspaper, The Australian, Uproar Over Axed Regional Campuses, 20.10.2004
university of melbourne, regional campuses, agricultural courses, closing regional campuses -
Canterbury History Group
Photograph - Photograph of the bronze plaque and contents of the time capsule to be positioned under the footpath outside No. 78 Maling Road, Canterbury, Jan Pigot, 1994
Coloured photograph of the bronze plaque and contents of the time capsule to be positioned under the footpath outside No. 78 Maling Road, Canterbury on 21st May 1994, to be opened on the same day in 2044.canterbury, maling road, shops, signs, plaques, time capsule -
The 5th/6th Battalion Royal Victoria Regiment Historical Collection
Memorabilia - UN Arms band, UN Arm band with RAR badge and AUS flag
An Australian Army issued UN arm band, probably used in Timor with an AUS flag, UN badge and RAR badge on the arm band. Its framed in a glass with wooden frame -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Flag, c1990?
Flag or pennant made from a white circular cotton cloth tacked to a wooden dowel, with a large red trapesium with a blue triangular end. Actual time and purpose of use not known.trams, tramways, flags, melbourne, events -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Book, Garnet, J. Ros and Brooks, Ronald, Wilsons Promontory, 1970
A short history of Wilson's Promontory, Victoria, from its early settlement to proclamation as a National Park in 1908, and a short account of its management from that time to 1970. Illustrated with sketches.parks, topography, natural history, vegetation -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Book, Duty clear before us. North Beach and the Sari Bair Range, Gallipoli Peninsula, 25 April - 20 December 1915
An account of the Gallipoli Campaign 25 April- 20 December 1915. Well illustrated with photographs of the time, as well as coloured photographs of the Anzac Commemorative site, Lone Pine Memorial and cemeteries.military history -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Photograph, 1986
Black and white photograph of David Peace master of ceremonies standing at microphone on bank of truck at primary school Centenary celebrations with the Time Capsule that was buried in the front yard Johnsonville Victoriaschools, celebrations -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Pamphlet - Funeral program, Joyce Caroline Suto, Memorial Service program, 2022, June 2022
A memorial service to commemorate the life of Joyce Caroline Suto was held at the Mountview Uniting Church, Mitcham on 15/06/2022. Joyce was a long time member of the Whitehorse Historical Society.A memorial service to commemorate the life of Joyce Caroline Suto was held at the Mountview Uniting Church, Mitcham on 15/06/2022. Joyce was a long time member of the Whitehorse Historical Society.non-fiction A memorial service to commemorate the life of Joyce Caroline Suto was held at the Mountview Uniting Church, Mitcham on 15/06/2022. Joyce was a long time member of the Whitehorse Historical Society.suto joyce, mountview uniting church mitcham -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - R.S.L. BENDIGO COLLECTION: TIME TABLE FOR R.S.L. VICTORY BALL 1951, 21st August, 1951
Typed time table for the R.S.L. Victory Ball held at the Town Hall, Bendigo on Tuesday 21st August, 1951. Signed by J. W. Swatton, Hon. Secretary Ball Committee.J.W. Swatton, Secretary.event, social, victory ball, r.s.l. bendigo collection - time table for r.s.l. victory ball 1951, mr f e jackson, sir george lansell, lt general wells & mrs wells, mrs oliver, mrs j w swatton, mrs f e jackson, cr oliver, rsl ladies auxiliary, parma dance club, mr wright, mr little, mr w lamers, mr waters, mr green, mr barton, mr palmer, mr edgar, mr orchard -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BENDIGO TOURISM BROCHURES COLLECTION: VARIOUS BROCHURES
Five small brochures: ''What to see at Bendigo'', ''See Bendigo by Calder coaches'', ''Sandhurst Town for a good old time'' ''Welcome to Bendigo and district Victoria'', The gold rush country''.bendigo, tourism, brochure -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - JENNY FOLEY COLLECTION: IN TIME OF WAR
Bendigo Advertiser "The way we were" from Saturday, April 23, 2005. In time of war: the front of a card sent from Jack McCaig, who was at the front in Belgium in 1914.newspaper, bendigo advertiser, the way we were -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BADHAM COLLECTION: ACCOUNT TIME SHEET FOR HOURS WORKED (FOR VICTORIAN RAILWAYS ?)
Account time sheet showing names and hours worked fountain pen writing on paper. Note on foot of page 'Period 30.6.1934' figures in black and 'period 14.7.34' figures in red.document, memo, time sheet -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - THE MERRY COUNTRY DANCE, 2006
The Merry Country Dance, a description and social history of colonial and old time dance and music, published by the Bush dance and music club of Bendigo and district with black & white photographs and illustrations.Peter Ellisperforming arts, elocution, bush dancing, dance, music, musical instruments. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - VICTORIAN RAILWAYS GENERAL APPENDIX TO BOOK OF RULES & REGULATIONS, 1936
Victorian Railways General Appendix to the Book of Rules and Regulations and to the Working Time Table. 984 pages pu blished by the Government Printer with photographs, drawings and diagrams. Blue hard cover.Victorian Railwayscottage, miners -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - FRIENDS OF WHITE HILLS CEMETERY COLLECTION: SET OF BROCHURES, 1990-2010
Document. Set of brochures for Cemetery Tours produced by FOBC. Not all approved by Bendigo Cemeteries Trust at the time 1990-2010. Eaglehawk, Bendigo, Kangaroo Flat and White Hills Cemeteries.document, memo, brochures for cemeteries tours -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Photograph - Building, Bank of Australasia Warrnambool, ca. 1860
This sepia coloured photograph show the image of the former Bank of Australasia in Warrnambool. The two-storey building was built for the bank on the corner of Timor and Kepler Streets and opened there for business in 1860. It is now one of the City's Historic Buildings. The Bank of Australasia was incorporated by Royal Charter of England in March 1834. It came to Australia on 14th December 1835, opening in Sydney. The Acting Superintendent of the Bank of Australasia in Sydney at that time was David Charters McArthur. He was Superintendent from 1867-to 1876. The Melbourne branch of the Bank of Australasia opened on 28th August 1838 in a two-roomed brick cottage on the north side of Little Collins Street. Two huge mastiff dogs were kept in the backyard and let loose at night to guard the bank. The government also provided an armed military sentinel. Due to the bank's rapid growth, a new building for the Melbourne branch was opened in 1840 at 75 Collins Street West. By 1879 the bank had been upgraded to a magnificent two-storey building on the corners of Collins and Queens Streets, with the entry on Collins Street. In 1951 the Bank of Australasia amalgamated with the Union Bank to form the Australia and New Zealand Bank, now known as the ANZ. Then in 1970, the ANZ merged with both the ES&A and the London Bank of Australia to form the ANZ Banking Group Limited. The ANZ Banking Group Ltd kindly donated a variety of historic items from the Bank of Australasia. BANK of AUSTRALASIA, WARRNAMBOOL – In 1854 Warrnambool had two banks, the Union Back and the Bank of Australasia. Later, completely different bank businesses opened; in 1867 the National Bank of Australasia, then in 1875 the Colonial Bank of Australasia. The original Warrnambool branch of the Bank of Australasia was established in July 1854, and operated from a leased cottage on Merri Street, close to Liebig Street. The bank later bought a stone building previously erected by drapers Cramond & Dickson on the corner of Timor and Gibson Streets. Samuel Hannaford was a teller and then Manager at the Warrnambool branch from 1855 to 1856 and the Warrnambool Council chose that bank for its dealings during 1856-57. In 1859 Roberts & Co. was awarded the contract to build the new Bank of Australasia branch for the sum of £3,000. The land was on a sand hill on the northeast corner of Timor and Kepler Streets and had been bought in 1855 from investor James Cust. The new building opened on May 21, 1860. The bank continued to operate there until 1951 when it merged with the Union Bank to form the ANZ Bank, which continued operating from its Liebig Street building. Warrnambool City Council purchased the former Bank of Australasia building in 1971 and renovated it, then on 3rd December 1973 it was officially opened as the Art Gallery by Cr. Harold Stephenson and Gallery Director John Welsh. The Gallery transferred to the purpose-built building in Liebig Street in 1986 and the old bank building is now the Gallery club. Staff at the Bank of Australasia in Warrnambool included the following men but others were also involved: Samuel Hannaford, Teller then Manager from 1855-1856; W H Palmer, Manager from January 1857 until November 1869 when the Teller Basil Spence was promoted to Manager; H B Chomley, Manager from April 1873 and still there in 1886; A Butt, Manager in 1895-1904; J R McCleary Accountant and Acting Manager for 12 months, until 1900; A Kirk, Manager 1904; J Moore, staff until his transfer to Bendigo in December 1908; J S Bath was Manager until 1915; C C Cox, Manager until April 1923; Richard C Stanley, Manager 1923 to April 1928. The photograph is significant historically for its connection with the Bank of Australasia. The early Australian bank was established in 1834 by Royal Charter and opened in Sydney, Australia, in Sydney in 1835. The bank had many Australian offices in November 1877, particularly on the east and south coasts. Victoria had 45 percent of all Offices. The photograph has local historical significance for its association with the Warrnambool Bank of Australasia, which was established early in Warrnambool's history. It was Warrnambool Council’s first bank. The bank continued to operate until the organisation's merger in 1951 when it became the ANZ Bank Group of today. The Bank was an integral part of the growth of local commerce and the community.Black and white (or sepia) rectangular photograph, landscape orientation. Image of a two-storey building on a street corner. It is the former Bank of Australasia, Warrnambool, on the corner of Timor and Kepler Streets that was built in 1860. The reverse has a round, serrated-edged red label with an inscription, covered in opaque tape, plus four lines of handwritten text. There are several pin holes through the photograph.Label with: "AH2 2 / W.BOOL" Writing in pen: "D. K. Frew / --- / ---- / ----"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, bank of australasia, boa, union bank, australia & new zealand bank, anz bank, david charters mcarthur, d c mcarthur, commerce, banking, samuel hannaford, w h palmer, basil spence, h b chomley, a butt, j r mccleary, a kirk, j moore, j s bath, c c cox, richard c stanley, historic building, roberts & co., james cust, bank of australasia warrnambool -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Ephemera - Old Time Dances and Charity Ball Memorabilia, 1945 to 1976
Parry CollectionOld Time Dances, Charity Ball Memorabilia and War Savings Stamp Folder a. Eaglehawk Dahlia and Arts Festival Gala Charity Ball, Eaglehawk Town Hall Friday March 19th 1982, judges names and program, small yellow printed folder. b. Bendigo Old Time Dance Club first old time ball program at the Spring Gully Hall 1976 with the Merrymakers Orchestra. Blue folded program. c. Spring Gully Debutante Ball 1978 white and purple coloured program. d. Invitation to the Dedication of the Bendigo Seventh Day Adventist Church. e. Invitation Envelope f. War Saving Stamps folder contains one six pence stamp. history, bendigo, old time dances, war saving stamps, merle lummis collection -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Book, India and Tibet
This item is from the ‘Pattison Collection’, a collection of books and records that was originally owned by the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute, which was founded in Warrnambool in 1853. By 1886 the Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute (WMI) had grown to have a Library, Museum and Fine Arts Gallery, with a collection of “… choice productions of art, and valuable specimens in almost every branch and many wonderful national curiosities are now to be seen there, including historic relics of the town and district.” It later included a School of Design. Although it was very well patronised, the lack of financial support led the WMI in 1911 to ask the City Council to take it over. In 1935 Ralph Pattison was appointed as City Librarian to establish and organise the Warrnambool Library as it was then called. When the WMI building was pulled down in 1963 a new civic building was erected on the site and the new Warrnambool Library, on behalf of the City Council, took over all the holdings of the WMI. At this time some of the items were separated and identified as the ‘Pattison Collection’, named after Ralph Pattison. Eventually the components of the WMI were distributed from the Warrnambool Library to various places, including the Art Gallery, Historical Society and Flagstaff Hill. Later some were even distributed to other regional branches of Corangamite Regional Library and passed to and fro. It is difficult now to trace just where all of the items have ended up. The books at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village generally display stamps and markings from Pattison as well as a variety of other institutions including the Mechanics’ Institute itself. RALPH ERIC PATTISON Ralph Eric Pattison was born in Rockhampton, Queensland, in 1891. He married Maude Swan from Warrnambool in 1920 and they set up home in Warrnambool. In 1935 Pattison accepted a position as City Librarian for the Warrnambool City Council. His huge challenge was to make a functional library within two rooms of the Mechanics’ Institute. He tirelessly cleaned, cleared and sorted a disarrayed collection of old books, jars of preserved specimens and other items reserved for exhibition in the city’s museum. He developed and updated the library with a wide variety of books for all tastes, including reference books for students; a difficult task to fulfil during the years following the Depression. He converted all of the lower area of the building into a library, reference room and reading room for members and the public. The books were sorted and stored using a cataloguing and card index system that he had developed himself. He also prepared the upper floor of the building and established the Art Gallery and later the Museum, a place to exhibit the many old relics that had been stored for years for this purpose. One of the treasures he found was a beautiful ancient clock, which he repaired, restored and enjoyed using in his office during the years of his service there. Ralph Pattison was described as “a meticulous gentleman whose punctuality, floorless courtesy and distinctive neat dress were hallmarks of his character, and ‘his’ clock controlled his daily routine, and his opening and closing of the library’s large heavy doors to the minute.” Pattison took leave during 1942 to 1945 to serve in the Royal Australian Navy, Volunteer Reserve as Lieutenant. A few years later he converted one of the Museum’s rooms into a Children’s Library, stocking it with suitable books for the younger generation. This was an instant success. In the 1950’s he had the honour of being appointed to the Victorian Library Board and received more inspiration from the monthly conferences in Melbourne. He was sadly retired in 1959 after over 23 years of service, due to the fact that he had gone over the working age of council officers. However he continued to take a very keen interest in the continual development of the Library until his death in 1969. The Pattison Collection, along with other items at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, was originally part of the Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s collection. The Warrnambool Mechanics’ Institute Collection is primarily significant in its totality, rather than for the individual objects it contains. Its contents are highly representative of the development of Mechanics' Institute libraries across Australia, particularly Victoria. A diversity of publications and themes has been amassed, and these provide clues to our understanding of the nature of and changes in the reading habits of Victorians from the 1850s to the middle of the 20th century. The collection also highlights the Warrnambool community’s commitment to the Mechanics’ Institute, reading, literacy and learning in the regions, and proves that access to knowledge was not impeded by distance. These items help to provide a more complete picture of our community’s ideals and aspirations. The Warrnambool Mechanics Institute book collection has historical and social significance for its strong association with the Mechanics Institute movement and the important role it played in the intellectual, cultural and social development of people throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. The collection of books is a rare example of an early lending library and its significance is enhanced by the survival of an original collection of many volumes. The Warrnambool Mechanics' Institute’s publication collection is of both local and state significance. India and Tibet A History of the relations which subsisted between the two countries from the time of Warren Hastings to 1910; with particular account of the Mission to Lhasa of 1904 Author: Sir Francis Younghusband Publisher: John Murray Date: 1910Label on spine cover with typed text PAT 954 YOU Front loose endpaper has a sticker from Corangamite Regional Library Service Front loose endpaper has a stamp from Corangamite Regional Library Service warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, shipwrecked-artefact, book, pattison collection, warrnambool library, warrnambool mechanics’ institute, ralph eric pattison, corangamite regional library service, warrnambool city librarian, mechanics’ institute library, victorian library board, warrnambool books and records, warrnambool children’s library, great ocean road, india and tibet, sir francis younghusband -
Federation University Historical Collection
Programme, Ballarat Technical School: Final Assembly Programmes, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1971, 1973
End of year assembly programmes 1971 shows John Bainbridge received an Educational Prize in Form 1Printed sheet with school emblem. Procedure for assembly and names of student to receive awards.School emblem Date, time and place assembly to be held Colour: .1) Pale yelloe .2) Pale blue .3) Deep yellowjohn bainbridge, assembly, prize list, form 1, ballarat technical school -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Photograph Topping Tobacco, Tobacco being topped (removal of flower), Circa mid to late 1900's
This promotional photograph by the Tobacco Growers Association was in response to a 1935 meeting of tobacco growers from Victoria, South Australia and Queensland which produced four major resolutions for the industry covering the remainder of the 1900s. These four resolutions were: (1) Adequate tariff protection (2) Control of pests and diseases (3) Orderly marketing (4) The formation of an advisory council of growers. History has produced the following results. (1) adequate tariff protection was never achieved,(2) control of disease through benzol vapour (CSIRO) breakthrough, was later identified as carcinogenic, (3) orderly marketing was achieved through (4) the establishment of the Tobacco Growers Association(1984). In October 2006, by way of Government buy back of tobacco leases from growers, resulted in the end of Tobacco farming in Australia (after 136 years of planting the first crop). It was also significant that the major tobacco companies such as Philip Morris and The British American Tobacco Australasia advised the industry that it would source its tobacco requirements overseas by 2009.The remnants of the Tobacco Industry can still be viewed throughout the Kiewa Valley and adjacent regions on the former tobacco farms which still have the tobacco drying sheds and now converted into hay sheds. The problems from the large quantities of carcinogenic infused soil of farmlands in the region, still remains a problem now and for future generations. This particular photograph shows the lack of understanding by farmers and the contracted labour, at that time, and is demonstrated by the lack of protection of hands when handling seedlings and attached soil. Hand and foot protection was rarely used, even when later warnings were issued of the carcinogenic toxicity of the soil. The majority of farm owners, up until Health authorities stepped in the latter stages of 1900s, were skeptical of city scientists' "carcinogenic" health warnings and it was only after the younger generation of farmers, who had graduated from Agricultural colleges, encompassed the scientific approach to farm management. The "she'll be right mate" attitude of the farming/rural community has since the 1970s been slowly dissipating. Stricter controls of herbicides and pesticides used in agriculture are now in force. The death of the tobacco industry(2006) resulted in the expansion of the dairy , sheep, beef cattle, venison and lama wool producers in the Kiewa Valley and surrounding regions.Coloured photograph pasted onto a thick wood chip backing. Two galvanised eyelets at the top of the frame, 50mm from each end, with a twine cord stretch from each, for hanging purposes. See also KVHS 0054A ,KVHS 0054B and KVHC 0054D to KVHS 0054F A sign, which has been removed from the picture at some previous point in time is "The Tobacco crop being topped (flower removed)". tobacco, farming, rural industry, licences, ollie mould, blue mould, benzol vapour