This is one of a series of photos donated by Arthur Lyons. From 1907 a cab service operated from near the railway gates in Union Road. It was established and maintained by Mr C Fraser until c1916. George Rea either took over then or set up in opposition. Fred Lyons initially worked for George until he set up his own business. In time he changed over to a motor vehicle and continued his service until 1960. Frederick Adolphus Lyons (1891-1980) was born in Surrey Hills, son of Thomas and Catherine Lyons. He married Elizabeth Ruby Hall in 1918. They lived just around the corner at 55 Sunbury Crescent. The Lyons’ home in Sunbury Crescent was called ‘Knopshambury’ - this was probably a misspelling of Knockshanbally in Co Kilkenny, the birth place of Fred’s father, Thomas Edmund Josias Lyons (1846-1915). Arthur Lyons was born in Surrey Hills on 12 Jun 1920. He became a motor mechanic / welder and lived at 55 Sunbury Crescent. The donation was made while he was in hospital. He died shortly afterwards (23 Sep 1990). Donation was finalised by a neighbour, Mrs Florence Ann Armitstead, wife of Glen Victor Armitstead. Glen was a local hairdresser. They moved to 11 Sunbury Crescent after their marriage in 1939. Arthur had no relatives to distribute the material to.Black and white photo of Fred Lyons with his hansom cab, taken between 1916-1920. It shows a horse harnessed to the cab, the door of which is open so that the buttoned seat is visible. The cab has large lamps on each side. Mr Lyons, in hat, is standing on the back of the cab. There is a large brick wall of a building to the right of the cab with a mature tree beside it and houses can be seen behind the cab. horse-drawn vehicles, carriages and coaches, fred lyons, george rea, frederick adolphus lyons

One of the boys is believed to be John Reaburn; date is approximate.Black and white photo of a class of 34 children at Surrey Hills Primary School taken outside against a brick wall with a central window. It may be a class of mixed age children. There are 20 boys and 14 girls. One boy holds the class identification board (illegible); several are dressed in 'sailor shirts' and a couple in oriental-looking costumes. The children are flanked by a senior male teacher and a junior female teacher.surrey hills primary school, schools, education, primary education, children, john reaburn

Documents, relating to Cornish Crest: a. colour photograph of a crest mounted on a brick wall (located at old Fuse Factory? - Handwritten inscription on back states ''One of C Coat of Arms on its Décor''; b. Note titled ''What is the Meaning of the Cornish Crest'' with diagram - historical detail; c. Copy of diagram of Coat of Arms with some historical information; d. short article extract re ''Duke of Cornwall'' and ''Duchy''.bendigo, buildings, bendigo fuse factory, cornish coat of arms. "one and all"

Photo taken of the Sunbury Branch of the Red Cross in 1916. The group was at Rupertswood. Miss Agnes Eadie is sitting in the centre of the middle row and is wearing a black hat. The postcard was sent to someone by Ruby.A sepia photograph presented in postcard format of members of the Sunbury Red Cross 1916. There are 3 rows of ladies in the group - 8 seated on low forms in the front, 11 on chairs in the middle row and 11 standing at the back. There is a brick wall with three windows and creepers in the background in the grounds of Rupertswood. Miss Agnes Eadie is identified as sitting in the centre of the middle row and wearing a black hat. The postcard was sent to someone called Ruby.on back: POST CARDsunbury red cross branch, rupertswood, red cross, postcards, sunbury, eadie, agnes (miss), -, ruby, 1910s, george evans collection

Information from the donor by email gives: Norma Pryde is identified as the girl in the second row on the far right. Her parents Norman & Hilda Pryde lived at 50 Broughton Road, Surrey Hills. The home was named 'Strathaven' after the town in Scotland where Norman's father came from. Norman & Hilda were married in 1923. Norma was born in 1924. Norman worked for Moran & Cato so the family moved around a lot for his work and is thought to have rented out the house from time to time. During some time in the 1920s they were listed on electoral rolls in Nyah West and then in 1942 they were listed in Hamilton. When the war ended they came back to Melbourne and in the late 1940s built a home at Blackburn. Norma married John Cleak in 1947 in Camberwell. This photo is representative of the large classes that were common in the interwar period.An original B&W postcard photo of a class taken outside against a brick wall. There are 34 boys in 2 rows. The back row of 20 boys would have been standing on a bench and in the front row the 14 boys are seated on the ground. The girls are standing in 2 rows - 14 girls in the second back row and 16 girls in the second front row. A total of 64 students. There does not appear to be a standard uniform.Front: In blue ballpoint: An arrow + ME Rear: In grey lead pencil on the LHS: "Miss N Pryde / Kitchener Rd / Croydon / Vic"; a stamp in purple ink on the RHS: "SUZANNE ET CIE PTY. LTD. / 357 COLLINS STREET / MELBOURNE." In addition a diagonal blue squiggle.surrey hills, norma pryde, norma cleak, jenny pomeray, surrey hills state school 2778, education, 1930-1939, 1935

Black and white photograph. Demolition site, taken from Old Bennett's Arcade. Brick walls each side, wheelbarrows and machinery on site. Opposite 2 & 3 storey buildings with shops and offices. In image F & E Stillwell, Furniture Warehouse. On windows 'Pitson Bros', GH? Pitson, GJ? Pitson, Public Accountants, Estate Agents, Travel Agents, Sister McKenzie, Chiropodist. Identified by James Lerk as a Alan Doney photo.Alan Doney Photoplace, arcade, bendigo arcade

The original single storey hotel was built by the vigneron, F. F. Bubeck. The hotel was destroyed by fire in 1901 and the present red brick building was built by George Millett. The hotel provided meals and accommodation for rail travellers.A coloured photograph of the Royal Hotel which is situated on the sw corner of Brook and Evans Streets. A grey car is angle parked on the LHS of the photograph and there is a line of plane treet around the curbside. The 2 storey hotel has red brick walls with cream trim around the windows and blue shutters on the windows on the upper storey. The roof is clad with terracotta tiles. Facing Brook and Evans Streets on the roof line are the parapets with the words 'Royal Hotel' on them.ROYAL HOTELevans street, brook street, bubeck, f.f., millett, george, royal hotel, george evans collection

Col. Harley Tarrant was an astute businessman and a part-time soldier. He was born at Clunes in 1860 and as a young man worked with an engineering firm in Sydney. He later joined the Board of Works in Melbourne. and later entered the early car manufacturing and retailing trade. In 1905 Harley Tarrant built the first car to be built and sold in Australia. For a time he was a surveyor and worked in Surrey Hills but motoring became his prime interest. In the early 1890s he set up a workshop in what was then Post Office Place, Melbourne. He built stationary engines which ran on kerosene and in the first years of the twentieth century, with partner W Howard Lewis, built the first petrol driven car in Australia. This photo is of his sixth car and was taken after the finish of the 1st Sydney to Melbourne Dunlop Reliability Trial, which Tarrant won. Harley Tarrant produced cars between 1901 and 1907 at the Tarrant Motor and Engineering Company in Queen's Bridge Street, South Melbourne. The first car had a rear-mounted two-horse power Benz engine. Two-cylinder models were later produced followed by 4-cylinder models. The only Tarrant car in existence in 1984 was owned by Harley Tarrant's grandsons, Kenneth and Peter Holmes of Melbourne. The 1906 Tarrant car featured on an Australia Post stamp in 1984. It was one of a series of 5 stamps featuring Australian veteran and vintage cars.Black and white photo of a car without a hood in the driver's seat of which is a man with cap, driving dust coat and goggles, identified as Harley Tarrant. Beside him is a young girl in a large frilly; she is identified as Doreen Tarrant, his daughter. Another man with cap and goggles is talking to him and a gentleman in a bowler hat looks on. There is a women and 2 children in the background in front of a large brick wall decorated in two coloured bricks. cars, inventions, dunlop reliability trial, tarrant motor and engineering company, mr harley tarrant, miss doreen tarrant, mrs doreen holmes, col harley tarrant

These images were supplied by Philip Law in support of capital extimates requests to the state and Commonwealth Governments. Eleven black and white imaes of a number of Ballarat School of Mines Buildings. .1) Former Supreme Court House (Electrical Trades) .3) Pre Fab Building with brick wall .4) Lean to (Possibly added to pottery building as a store and used for pottery hand work in 1972. .5), .6), .9), 10), .11) Corrugated iron buildings - former Model Mine, Albert Street, Ballarat .8) Prefab buildings used for motor mechanicsballarat school of mines model mine, ballarat school of mines mining laboratory, ballarat school of mines mining workshop, albert street, ballarat, former ballarat supreme court, motor mechanics, electrical trades, phil law

Set of two Black and white negatives by Wal Jack of: .1 - C class C28, E43, P136, P134, U211, U209 and No. 11 - dated 13-10-1940. .2 - Photo of the first three cars in the line. The car numbers were detailed in the album held by the Ballarat Tramway Museum. Note the bus body against the brick wall of the workshops and two former grip cars in the view. See Reg Item 5290 for details of the bus body.trams, tramways, preston workshops, u class, c class, n class, e class, p class, stored trams, buses, grip tram, tram 28, tram 43, tram 136, tram 134, tram 211, tram 209, tram 11, mmtb buses

Black and white photograph. 3 rows of cricketers. Brick wall at back, corrugated water tank at left. 16 men, seated at far left, male holding a cricket ball. 2nd. from front male wearing cricket pads and wicket keeping gloves. Some men wearing whites, some men wearing hats and ties. On the back in ball point pen, ' Mandurang Circket Club 1923 ' Bill Drechsler' ' Jim Charleworth' Cr. Les Nankervis'organization, club/society, mandurang cricket club

Well-known as an artist, author, historian, illustrator and publisher, Geoff Hocking grew up in the goldfields city of Bendigo and lives today in Castlemaine. His work reflects a passion for the heritage of the goldfields region. https://artsopen.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/geoff-hocking-CV-2019.pdf Full title. "Signs of the Times. A nostalgic Celebration of Australian Advertising Signs. Written by Geoff Hocking. Published by Five Mile Press in 2007. Hard cover book with dust jacket. Blue and gold colouring. Front cover has a picture of a Bushells sign on a brick wall with a peters Ice cream sign in the corner. Back cover has eight smaller advertising signs. 228 pp. containing advertising signs from across Australia with historical notes and descriptions.signs, geoff hocking, photographs, advertising

Malone Collection. Greeting card. Small white card with green holly at each corner of a blue uneven frame with Greeting in red print inside it. Below is a wheel with two bells in the centre and a rope hanging from the wheel (in gold) in front of a blue brick wall. Christmas Chimes (in red) recall (in gold) Old Times (in green). Around the edge is a wavy embossed border. The card and it's insert is held together with a creamy, twisted piece of cord. Given to Miss Malone from one of her Students.person, individual, greeting card, malone collection, greeting card

This item was used to measure accurately the length of cloth on a bolt of material without unwinding it. It also measured lace, all types of textiles and spools of ribbon. It is surmised it would have been used in general stores or department stores in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This item was discovered in the late 1980s behind an old safe at Swintons Stores in Timor Street in Warrnambool. The item appears to have been used extensively and would have been very useful during a stocktake. It may have been used in the Swinton Stores which were first established in Timor Street in 1865 with one section of the stores selling furnishings, furniture, clothing and clothing materials. The item was manufactured by A.E. Putnam of Iowa, U.S.A. There was a patent registered in 1896 and a later 'improved' model with a patent date of 1907. This item is of considerable interest because of its rarity and survival, its connection to Warrnambool General Stores in the past and its value as a research tool in local social and economic history. The possible connection to Swintons Stores is important as this business operated from 1865 to 2024 and was one of the longest-surviving family businesses in Australia. This is a rectangular-shaped wooden pole with one slightly flattened side and numbers marked on each side in patterns resembling brick walls. At the top of the pole are two wooden pieces attached to the pole by metal clips held by screws. The two wooden pieces are attached at a slight angle to the pole. The lower wooden piece is movable along the pole and has incised numbers. The wooden pieces are rectangular in shape with a large curved piece cut out to form the shape of a pennant. The maker's name is incised into the metal on the top attached wooden piece. Putnam's Cloth Chart Copyrighted 1896 Patent Pend'ggeneral stores in warrnambool, swintons stores in warrnambool, vintage measuring instrument for cloth

160 p. : ill. (some col. ) ; 29 cm.non-fictionarchitecture -- domestic -- australia -- conservation and restoration, interior decoration -- australia

George Tibbits, University of Melbourne. Faculty of Architecture, Building and Town & Regional PlanningIndex system that support the research for Beechworth : historical reconstruction / [by] George Tibbits ... [et al]Arranged by street names of BeechworthEach index card includes: street name and number of property, image of property, allotment and section number, property owners and dates of ownership, description of the property according to rate records, property floor plan with dimensions.beechworth, george tibbitsbeechworth, george tibbits

An early Alistair Knox design and build, this home was purchased by George Coop in 1968. Eltham builder, Graham Rose, extended the original Alistair Knox structure over the foundation excavation dug by George. Graham organised the brick walls where required, raised all frame work and laid the steel tray roof. George did all external/internal wall cladding, made all opening windows, sliding and swinging doors, stairs and general interior timber cabinet work. Bedroom wardrobe doors came from scrapped Victorian Railways country coaches. This particular view shows the original Alistair Knox design and materials. The photo was taken where the original external wall was located and knocked down to add the extension.Digital TIFF file Scan of 35mm Ilford XP1 black and white transparencyalistair knox design, eltham, graham rose, houses, mount pleasant road

An early Alistair Knox design and build, this home was purchased by George Coop in 1968. Eltham builder, Graham Rose, extended the original Alistair Knox structure over the foundation excavation dug by George. Graham organised the brick walls where required, raised all frame work and laid the steel tray roof. George did all external/internal wall cladding, made all opening windows, sliding and swinging doors, stairs and general interior timber cabinet work. Bedroom wardrobe doors came from scrapped Victorian Railways country coaches. Most of the timbers used in the extension were re-purposed from the Templestowe Cool Store and the Port Melbourne wool, hide & skin store.Digital TIFF file Scan of 35mm Ilford XP1 black and white transparencyalistair knox design, eltham, graham rose, houses, mount pleasant road

An early Alistair Knox design and build, this home was purchased by George Coop in 1968. Eltham builder, Graham Rose, extended the original Alistair Knox structure over the foundation excavation dug by George. Graham organised the brick walls where required, raised all frame work and laid the steel tray roof. George did all external/internal wall cladding, made all opening windows, sliding and swinging doors, stairs and general interior timber cabinet work. Bedroom wardrobe doors came from scrapped Victorian Railways country coaches. Most of the timbers used in the extension were re-purposed from the Templestowe Cool Store and the Port Melbourne wool, hide & skin store.Digital TIFF file Scan of 35mm Ilford XP1 black and white transparencyalistair knox design, eltham, graham rose, houses, mount pleasant road

An early Alistair Knox design and build, this home was purchased by George Coop in 1968. Eltham builder, Graham Rose, extended the original Alistair Knox structure over the foundation excavation dug by George. Graham organised the brick walls where required, raised all frame work and laid the steel tray roof. George did all external/internal wall cladding, made all opening windows, sliding and swinging doors, stairs and general interior timber cabinet work. Bedroom wardrobe doors came from scrapped Victorian Railways country coaches. Most of the timbers used in the extension were re-purposed from the Templestowe Cool Store and the Port Melbourne wool, hide & skin store.Digital TIFF file Scan of 35mm Ilford XP1 black and white transparencyalistair knox design, eltham, graham rose, houses, mount pleasant road

Slide. Bendigo Views. Additions to the Cathedral. Partly constructed wall of bricks and stone with scaffolding in place.slide, bendigo, bendigo views, bendigo views

The Matron and Sisters in this photograph worked in the Melbourne District Nursing Society After Care Home, (later called Hospital) full time and administered nursing care to patients who ranged in age from babes to adults. The Society also had a District Nursing division and these Sisters only worked in the community giving nursing care to patients in their homes.The Melbourne District Nursing Society were pioneers in recognizing the need for premises where patients too ill to be in their own home, but not ill enough to go to hospital, was needed, and the Society built, then opened, the After-Care Home in 1926, (from 1934 called After-Care Hospital), for these patients, and patients from Hospitals. Many children were nursed there, some long term during the Polio epidemic and the Society employed two School Teachers. The Society now ran two divisions, the After-Care with its own Sisters and nurses, and the District division. The Society were the first in Melbourne, in early 1928, to recognize some patients leaving the After-Care, and many at home, needed further social care and they set up ‘Almoners’ from their committee to visit these patients and be intermediaries in getting them social assistance. It was late the following year before the first training of Almoners took place in Melbourne. In 1930 the Society employed a full time kindergarten teacher to visit poor children in their homes. That year the Society were pioneers in opening an Ante-Natal Clinic at the After-Care, setting a high standard with equipment, keeping records, and providing leaflets with instructions in how to keep healthy during pregnancy, what complications to look for and what to do when labour commenced. In 1934 the Society were pioneers again when they opened the first Women’s Welfare Clinic in Melbourne giving advice on birth-control, at first attended by their own patients, but then accepting patients from public hospitals until their own clinics were opened. A trained Almoner was employed by the Society in 1934, doing a great deal of work with Midwifery patients, but she resigned after twelve months due to the amount of work. Due to a lack of trained Almoners, the Society employed a Social Service Officer at the After-Care who successfully gained better housing from the Housing Commission for families living under unsuitable conditions.A black and white photograph of Matron and twelve Trained nurses (Sisters) standing at the front entrance of the Melbourne District Nursing Society After Care Home, In the front of the portico is the Matron and four Sisters. Matron is dressed in a white long uniform dress and white veil over her short dark hair, and is wearing white stockings and white shores. To her right are four Sisters. Behind them are five Sisters, one standing between the left pair of round columns of the portico and the others to her right finishing just before the second set of columns. Two Sisters are to the left of the left hand column in front of the brick wall of the building. A short brick wall runs from the column to the building and hides the lower half of these Sisters. All the Sisters are dressed with white long aprons with white belts, which are covering their uniforms, only their dark grey sleeves and white collars can be seen. They are wearing white veils covering most of their short dark hair, grey stockings and black shoes. At the top of the portico can be seen the words 'District Nursing Society'. Part of the two story brick building can be seen behind the group; two long windows are visible on the upper and lower sections. To the right of the building some shrubs and a tree can be seen.nurses, after care hospital, uniforms, after-care home, melbourne district nursing society, mdns, rdns, royal district nursing service

Yvonne's Dressmaking and Alteration Service at 942 Main Road. Formerly a bakery, the building was demolished in 1990 and is now the site of Hurstbridge Saddlery. The milkbar is down the road, brick wall with a blue sign on it. There's still an older house next to the milkbar, but that's hidden from view in this shot as it's further back from the road. Date based on other similar display panels visible in images of the Shire of Eltham display at the Eltham Community Festival, 7 November 1987. Shire of Eltham Engineering Department Providing the resources to undertake • Survey, design, consultation • Road construction and maintenance • Bridge construction and maintenance • Street sweeping • Drain and pit cleaning • Traffic engineering installation and maintenance • Garbage collection • Tip management, land reclamation and beautification • Maintenance of community buildings • Provision of community and recreation facilitiesPhoto print mounted on carddisplay panel, eltham festival, heidelberg-kinglake road, hurstbridge, hurstbridge milk bar, infrastructure, main road, mm, shire of eltham, yvonne's dressmaking and alteration service

Yields information about the streetscape in Lydiard St wall where a feature, since demolished was a brick wall on the east side of the street, Three trams in the view, possibly of a charter.Black and White copy photograph of a newspaper photograph taken by The Courier - published 5/01/1976 No. 17 in Lydiard St North, near Macarthur St with two other bogie trams in the background. Date of photo unknown, but probably September 1971. Tram has the destination of Sebastopol and a Twin Lakes advertisement on the front panel. shows the brick wall cutting in Lydiard St North near Macarthur St and a general streetscape looking north. Collected by Alan Bradley from the Ballarat Courier early 1980's. See Excel file "Record of Ballarat Courier Photos SEC era" (Archive Documents) for source of details.On rear stamped "Copyright, The Ballarat Courier Proprietary Limited."tramways, trams, closure, lydiard st nth, tram 17

These photos were in the collection relating to C.J.C. McQuie MM, refer Cat No 9680P for his service details. .1) - .7) Portraits are of McQuie MM. .8) .9) McQuie MM. .10) Identity unsure. .11) McQuie MM. .12) The first grave on the left is No 860 S.S. Scott 6th Bn, D.O.W's 12.6.1918..1) - .7) Six B & W portrait photos of an Officer in a peak Cap wearing ribbons one being the "MM". .8) - .9) Two B & W photos of an Officer with a building in the background. .10) B & W photo of an Officer sitting in a chair in a house. .11) B & W photo shows a Lady and an Officer with a brick wall in the background, the Officer is wearing ribbons and "A" for ANZAC on his shoulder patch. .12) B & W photo of a grave yard with 6 graves in one row. .13) Sepia photo of a bombed town. .14) Sepia photo showing a ship on the ocean with land in the background. photos, mcquie

Full colour gloss finished postcard with a serrated edge of L 104 on the Zoo line, showing West Coburg via William St (route 55) as its destination. Photo has the Zoo brick wall in the background. On the rear of the card has the details of the tram type and the tramcar itself. Photographer (Ron Scholten). Produced by the TMSV in association with Nucolorvue. Has space for stamp and address details. NCV 1389 Used by Kevin Tierney to return a donator form and a note on the Hawthorn flyers distributed by the Connies at the Melbourne Town Hall on the 26 July 2014 Open House Day. 2 copies held.trams, tramways, l class, zoo tram, tram 104

The two cards of nibs are retail display cards of the dip pen nibs that William Mitchell Calligraphy produced, dating back to around the 1920’s, which was the time of the Great Exhibition in the UK. At that time dip pens with steel nibs were the main writing instruments. British Pens Ltd. had recently formed as a company and its subsidiaries included the the company William Mitchell, which is why British Pens Ltd. is named on the cards as well. One card (1) has the Round Hand nib, which is widely used today for calligraphy scripts. The other card (2) has the Script nib that has round upturned points for monocline or unshaded lettering that is also used for calligraphy. The nibs also have a detachable reservoir. The pen nibs are shaped to fit into a slot in the base of a wooden or Bakelite pen holder. The hole at the front of the nib is for collecting ink from a well, which is then stored in a reservoir at the back of the nib. The nibsare stamped with their nib size and Pedigree (what type of nib it is) and maker’s details. William Mitchell Calligraphy still makes these nibs today with a slightly difference finish. (ref: Sales and Marketing Director of William Mitchell Calligraphy in 2016). HISTORY of the Ink Pen Quills and ink were common writing tools until the early 19th century when the pen trade began mass producing steel nibs and pens. The steel nibs each have a hole in the middle that acts like a well for the ink. When the nib is dipped into the ink well the writer needs to ensure that it is dipped to only just past that well. India Ink was one of the most popular inks used with the nib pens, notable for its satin-like smooth flow. This ink is composed of a particularly fine carbon mixed with water; it can also be obtained as a dry stick that is then crushed and mixed with water as required. The Jewellery Quarter of Birmingham had the largest concentration of independent jewellers in Europe. Birmingham became the centre of the world’s pen trade for many years -, during the 1800’s over 100 factories, employing 1000s of skilled workers, manufactured the ‘Birmingham Pen’. ABOUT WILLIAM MITCHELL CALLIGRAPHY LTD.* (*The following text is quoted from the William Mitchell Calligraphy website) British based William Mitchell Calligraphy has been designing and manufacturing exceptional pens for almost 200 years. The William Mitchell heritage in making pen nibs began whilst working with his brother John Mitchell in the early 1820s. William Mitchell established his own business in 1825 to become one of the leading nib manufacturers and famous for lettering pens. Almost 100 years later William Mitchell merged with Hinks, Wells & Co, another pen manufacturer, to form British Pens, employing around 1000 people in the Bearwood Road area of Birmingham. During the early 1960s British Pens acquired the pen business of other pen manufacturers Perry & Co and John Mitchell, once again reuniting the two brothers. Joseph Gillott, who were famous for their artist drawing and mapping nibs, amalgamated with British pens in 1969. William Mitchell and Joseph Gillott established in Birmingham during the early part of the nineteenth century and [their products] are still proudly made here. British Pens were subsequently purchased by its current owner Byron Head, the owner of William Mitchell (Sinkers) in 1982, and was subsequently renamed William Mitchell (calligraphy) Ltd. Established in 1827 Joseph Gillott was one of the pioneers of mass steel pen nib manufacturing. The company was particularly strong in the American market, prompting Elihu Burrit, the American consul, to write “In ten thousand school houses across the American continent between two oceans, a million children are as familiarly acquainted with Joseph Gillott as with Noah Webster” (The compiler of the famous American dictionary). The company consequently received visits from many notable Americans, including president Ulysses S Grant. The early 19th century invention and mass production of pen nibs such these in our collection had a large impact on education and literacy because the nibs could be produced in great numbers and affordable prices.Pen nibs; 2 cards of steel dip pen nibs from the 1920’s. The steel nibs are attached to cards by 2 rows of entwined cotton cord. Reverse sides of cards have some hand written marks. Manufacturer; William Mitchell, Birmingham, England. Card issued by British Pens Ltd. Nibs have shaped ends, a hole in the centre with a well on the underside, and the tops are shaped approximately quarter circle. Inscriptions are pressed into each nib. The script pens have detachable reservoirs made of a metal different to the nib. (Card 1) Round Hand Pens, 11 nibs remain from card of 12. Printed on card “Round Hand Pens for Beautiful Writing, Twelve degrees of point, Square points. William Mitchell, Birmingham, England. This card is issued by British Pens Ltd. MADE IN ENGLAND” Also printed on top left of card is a pen drawing of a person writing at a desk, background of decorative 3-paned window in brick wall. (Card 2) Script Pens; 11 nibs remain from card of 12. “Script pens fitted with detachable reservoir. William Mitchell, Birmingham, England. This card is issued by British Pens Ltd. MADE IN ENGLAND” Also printed on top right of card is a pen drawing of a person writing at a desk, background of decorative 3-paned window in brick wall. On Card 1, - each nib is stamped with its size, and “Wm MITCHELLS / PEDIGREE / ROUND HAND / ENGLAND” - hand written on front bottom of card in ball point pen “Lettering 5 times size of nib” - hand drawn on back of card in red and blue ball point pen are scribbled lines On Card 2 - each nib is stamped with its size, and “WILLIAM / MITCHELLS / SCRIPT PEN / ENGLAND” - a black circle corresponding to the nib is printed on the card above each nib. - hand written on back of card in black felt tip pen are numerals - hand drawn on back, 4 parallel lines in red ball point pen with the numbers “10” between 2 of the lines flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, william mitchell calligraphy ltd, british pens ltd., pen nib, writing implement, dip pen, round hand nib, script nib, birmingham manufacturer, communication in writing, mass produced pen nibs

Black and white photo: 9 men standing in rubble of brick building, damaged wall behind. Men dressed in military uniform, some in leather knee high boots.person, robert denis kelly, world war 1, france, soldiers