A goniometer is an instrument that either measures an angle or allows an object to be rotated to a precise angular position. The term goniometry is derived from two Greek words, gōnia, meaning angle, and metron, meaning measure. (Wikipedia)Goniometer in a timber box. (eleven parts)galvometer, ganiometer, j. swift and sons

An optical instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. The variable measured is most often the light's intensity but could also, for instance, be the polarization state. Often used in astronomy and some branches of chemistry.Electrostatic spectrometer in wooden box. Measured in Kilovolts.Serial number 108 MCCES 1942 FGspectrometer, scientific instrument, electromagnetic spectrum, light's intensity, astronomy, optical instrument

TROVE : The Australasian Saturday 8 September 1877, page 20, Town News. 'The first examination of candidates for registration under the Pharmacy Act was held at the Royal Society's Hall yesterday..........The following were passed..........Max Pincus,...........' TROVE : Leader Saturday 2 September 1893 p.4, In: THE LEADER SUPPLEMENT MAX PINCUS, A number of interested spectators are always collected round the stand at which the "Welgel Milk Tester Is being worked by Mr. Max Pincus, of St. Kilda. This milk tester is a little instrument designed for testing the quantity of butter fat In any given sample of milk. The whole manipulation takes only a few minutes, and is so very simple that anyone can work it. A table supplied with the instrument shows at a glance, not only the percentage of butter fat, but also the proportion of same per gallon, the quantity of the milk required to produce each pound of butter, &c., so that there is no calculation ' at all required. Mr. Max. Pincus, who Is tho maker of the "Weigel Tester, shows tho remarkable accuracy of tho instrument. By request he tested a sample of the milk about to be separated, and the result as given to the Government dairy expert showed that the quantity of butter from the churning should be 59 lb. The actual quantity of butter as weighed (after adding 2 lb, of salt) was 61 lb., thus showing that the test agreed perfectly with the churning. In his report to the Minister of Agriculture, the dairy expert expresses himself as very pleased with the working of the Weigel test. The tester has recently been improved so as to measure exactly to tho smallest decimal. Mr. Pincus also shows samples of his butter preservative, called "Salva." In: THE LEADER SUPPLEMENT MAX PINCUS. A number of interested spectators are always collected round the stand at which the Weigel Milk Tester is being worked by Mr. Max Pincus, of St Kilda. This milk tester is a little instru ment designed for testing the quantity of butter fat in any given sample of milk. The whole manipulation takes only a few minutes, and is so very simple that anyone can work it A table supplied with the instrument shows at a glance, not only the percentage of butter fat, hut also the proportion of same per gallon, the quautity of the milk required to produce each pound of butter, &c., so that there is no calculation at all required. Mr. Max Pincus, who is the maker of the Weigel Tester, shows the remarkable accuracy of the instru ment. By request he tested a sample of the milk about to be separated, and the result as given to the Government dairy expert showed that the quantity of butter from the churning should be 59 lb. The actual quantity of butter as weighed (after adding 2 lb. of salt) was 61 lb., thus showing that the test agreed perfectly with the churning. In his report to the Minister of Agriculture, the dairy expert expresses himself as very pleased with the working of the Weigel test. The tester has recently been improved so as to measure exactly to tho smallest decimal. Mr. Pincus also shows samples of his butter preservative, called "Salva." TROVE : MAX PINCUS. A number of interested spectators are always collected round the stand at which the Weigel Milk Tester is being worked by Mr. Max Pincus, of St Kilda. This milk tester is a little instru ment designed for testing the quantity of butter fat in any given sample of milk. The whole manipulation takes only a few minutes, and is so very simple that anyone can work it A table supplied with the instrument shows at a glance, not only the percentage of butter fat, hut also the proportion of same per gallon, the quautity of the milk required to produce each pound of butter, &c., so that there is no calculation at all required. Mr. Max Pincus, who is the maker of the Weigel Tester, shows the remarkable accuracy of the instru ment. By request he tested a sample of the milk about to be separated, and the result as given to the Government dairy expert showed that the quantity of butter from the churning should be 59 lb. The actual quantity of butter as weighed (after adding 2 lb. of salt) was 61 lb., thus showing that the test agreed perfectly with the churning. In his report to the Minister of Agriculture, the dairy expert expresses himself as very pleased with the working of the Weigel test. The tester has recently been improved so as to measure exactly to tho smallest decimal. Mr. Pincus also shows samples of his butter ✏Fix this text preservative, called "Salva."Rectangular pale blue tinted clear glass bottle with angled corners and embossed text on one side and base.'MAX PINCUS LATE JOHNSON ST KILDA' on side. 'M' on base.

Joly Meldometer The Joly meldometer was created to determine the melting point of minerals. W.E. Wilson, an astronomer and author, stated in 1900 that the Joly meldometer consisted of a ‘a strip of platinum on which minute fragments of any mineral can be placed, while any alteration in its length can be determined by means of a micrometer screw which touches a lever connected with one end of the strip. The strip can be heated by an electric current, and is calibrated by observing the micrometer readings corresponding to the temperatures at which some substances of known melting-points melt’i . One reason why the Joly meldometer was seen as a successful addition to science was the small amount of any substance that it required for testing. Only a minute sample was needed for the instrument to work and so a tiny part could be taken from a delicate item without destroying itii . The instrument was originally manufactured by the Irish company Yeates & Son of Dublin. The Yeates family business was established in the early 1790’s and is thought to have operated until approximately 1922iii . Their business slogan was recorded as ‘Instrument makers to the University’, a slogan which proudly exhibited their relationship with Trinity College, Dublin. The company was located directly opposite Trinity College, the place where the Joly meldometer was created. Working in such close proximity must have assisted this business relationship. The inventor of this meldometer was Irishman John Joly. Joly was born in 1857 at the Church of Ireland Rectory, Hollywood House. His education led him to Trinity College Dublin where, by 1891, he had obtained a Bachelor of Engineering degree as well as a Doctorate of Science. The entirety of his working life appears to have taken place at Trinity College although he is known to have travelled in order to consult with other scientists such as the world renowned Sir Ernest Rutherford. The Joly meldometer was used for a variety of different purposes, with scientists often adapting the instrument to suit their own needs. For instance, the previously mentioned astronomer W.E. Wilson adapted the meldometer to assist him in measuring the radiation of the suniv . Joly used his device in an attempt to ascertain the age of the earth. In 1913, along with Sir Rutherford, Joly came to the conclusion that the earth was approximately 400 million years old. They did this by analysing the decay of radioactivity in minerals. According to our present knowledge of the earth this was a much more accurate date than the dates Joly had previously derived. He had first thought that the earth was 97 million years old due to the volume of sodium in the oceans. Joly’s second analysis of the topic had resulted in the age of 80 million years. This figure was based on the accumulation of sediment. Apart from designing his meldometer, Joly is also remembered for his work with colour photography. In 1894 Joly discovered a method for creating colour photographs from a single platev . He also studied the use of radiation as a treatment for cancer and persuaded the Royal Dublin Society to establish the Radium Institute to assist hospitals. In 1933 Joly passed away at the age of seventy-six. Jacqueline Eager Student Projects Placement, Cultural Collections 2005 iMollan, Charles, Irish National Inventory of Scientific Instruments, Samton Limited, 1995, p. 302. iiJoly, John, 'On the determination of the melting points of minerals, Part 1. Uses of the meldometer', Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Vol. 2., 1891. iiiInstitute for Learning Technologies, "Stephan Mitchell Yeates' http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/projects/bluetelephone/html/yeates.html, accessed on 04.10.2005 ivMollan, Charles, Irish National Inventory of Historic Scientific Instruments, op cit. vMollan, Charles, The Mind and the Hand: Instruments of Science 1685-1932, Samton Limited, Dublin, 1995, p. 34.The following from #2975 in UDE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN ENGINEERING list in the “Irish National Inventory of Historical Scientific Instruments” by Charles Mellon (P/C in file for Cat no 272. “....meldometer as an instrument ‘for the purpose of finding the melting-points of minerals, hence its name. As used by him (Joly), it consists of a strip of platinum,on which minute fragments of any mineral can be placed, while any alteration in its length can be determined by means of a micrometer screw which touches a lever connected with one end of the strip. The strip can be heated by an electric current, and is calibrated by observing the micrometer readings corresponding to the temperatures at which some substances of known melting-points melt’.” Ref. : J. Joly, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 3rd series vol 2 (1891),38-64.

The spectrograph employs the principle of single crystal Bragg X-Ray Diffraction to measure wavelengths by interpolation from accepted standard lines. It is suitable for the identification and determination of the charateristic emissions of elements and thus for X-Ray spectrum analysis. The instrument was manufactured by ADAM HILGER Ltd. to the design of Professor Laby and is the best preserved instrument surviving from his research activity. A full description is given in the Hilger Pamphlet with the instrument; alternatively see duplicate in Appendix A5,A6 in Vol 2 of Laby ‘s COLLECTED PAPERS.Laby Bibliography by R W Home “Physics in Australia 1945” pp 106-08; also reproduced by permission as Appenix C in “A Man Ahead of his TImes”By E G Muirhead References. nos 45, 41, 47, 52, 53