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Puffing Billy Railway
1920's Station Cash Box Tin - Hobbs & Co London, 1920's
1920's Station Cash Box Tin Made by Hobbs & Co London Lever Machine Made Alfred Charles Hobbs (October 7, 1812 – November 6, 1891) was an American locksmith and inventor. Hobbs went to London as a representative of the New York company of Day & Newell, which was exhibiting at the Great Exhibition of 1851. Hobbs had brought with him his boss's (Robert Newell) Parautoptic lock, designed to compete with, and surpass, the locks available at the time in Britain. He was the first one to pick Bramah's lock and the Chubb detector lock at the Great Exhibition of 1851 and forced the lock manufacturers to improve their designs. The lock controversy continues a subject of great interest at the Crystal Palace, and, indeed, is now become of general importance. We believed before the Exhibition opened that we had the best locks in the world, and among us Bramah and Chubb were reckoned quite as impregnable as Gibraltar— more so, indeed, for the key to the Mediterranean was taken by us, but none among us could penetrate into the locks and shoot the bolts of these masters. The mechanical spirit, however, is never at rest, and if it is lulled into a false state of listlessness in one branch of industry, and in one part of the world, elsewhere it springs up suddenly to admonish and reproach us with our supineness. Our descendents on the other side of the water are every now and then administering to the mother country a wholesome filial lesson upon this very text, and recently they have been "rubbing us up" with a severity which perhaps we merited for sneering at their shortcomings in the Exhibition. In 1854 he was awarded a Telford Medal by the Institution of Civil Engineers for his paper 'On the Principles and Construction of Locks'. Sign on a strong room door. Hobbs became one of the founders of the lock making firm of Hobbs Hart & Co. Ltd. The company started in 1851 and was formally registered as Hobbs and Co. in 1852. But by 1855 it had become Hobbs, Ashley and Company. The name then changed to Hobbs, Ashley and Fortescue, with an address at 97 Cheapside in London. Then for the next ninety years the address was 76 Cheapside in London. In 1860 Hobbs returned to America and lived in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and went on to hold a dozen patents for firearm ammunition manufacturing. In 1880 he listed himself as a "Superintendent Of Cartridge Factory" Info from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Charles_HobbsHistoric - Railways - Station Cash Box Tin 1920's Station Cash Box Tin - Hobbs & Co London Metal Tin - painted Black, Gold and Red with Brass Lock and HandleHobbs & Co London Lever Machine Made1920's station cash box tin, puffing billy -
Puffing Billy Railway
Steam Engine Indicator
Cast machined bronze mounted on timber boardFraser & sons London No.5153 -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph - original, A. Gye Photographer, Tatura Old Buildings, 1870's original
Original sepia photograph of Ross's Hotel and Store, se corner of Ross and Hogan Streets, Tatura. McNaughton, Lacey, London House, Cash Drapery. sw corner of Ross and Hogan Streets, Tatura among earliest buildings in Tatura.Old Sepia original photograph of 2 old buildings on Ross and Hogan Streets corner. A number of men standing on roadway.on back: names of buildings. Ross's Hotel and Store. McNaughton Lacey. Details below.ross's hotel and store -
Cobram Historical Society Inc
Camera, Kodak
The Kodak Brownie Flash II Camera, English model camera was made 1957-1960Kodak, box brownie camera with a leatherette covering with a horizontally striped front panel lens and view finder at front, film winder at side, clip door at back for film loading. Leather strap on top, attached one side, broken at the other. Kodak Brownie Flash II Camera, Made in England by Kodak limited London. -
Ballarat Base Hospital Trained Nurses League
Priscilla Wardle - Trainee Ballarat District Hospital, 27/02/1905 to 01/03/1908 and WW1 Nurse. Also Edith Popplewell & Lily MacKenzie
No 1: Matron Eagleton with Nursing Staff, Ballarat & District Hospital. Priscilla Wardle, far right - trainee nurse 1905-1908. No 2: This could be a group of trainee nurses at Ballarat Hospital. Circa 1906/1907. The nurses with the grey looking sleeves in this black and white photograph may be wearing the lilac uniform of Trainee nurses. The sitting nurse on the far right may already be qualified because she appears to be wearing the white of a trained nurse. Sitting in the middle with the cheeky grin could be Priscilla and the standing nurse on the far left could be Edith Popplewell. No 3: This photograph is labelled 1907 and Priscilla would have just commenced her training. She appears to be “fanning” a female patient presumably to cool her down. This could be upstairs in the Queen Victoria’s Women’s Ward. Priscilla graduated as a nurse in 1908. In this photograph Priscilla was at age 23 years. No 5: Sheila Kelly (left) and Priscilla Wardle. This photograph is labelled 1909 and shows Priscilla in an all white uniform indicating she has qualified as a nurse. Sheila Kelly appears to have darker sleeves/blouse (lilac) and may still be a trainee. No 6: There is a very good chance that this photograph is Edith Popplewell, standing left, Lily MacKenzie , standing on the right and Priscilla seated. Writing in her album is very hard to read but it appears to be “Pop McK & I”. The arm bands with the St John Cross denote they are “charge nurses” maybe in charge of a ward. Taking all this into account the photograph could be circa 1909/1910. No 8 & 9: Priscilla painting what appears to be a gate while wearing her nurse uniform. She has a big grin on her face. Together with Lily MacKenzie they were the principals in the Mount Stuart Private Hospital at 18 Duke Street. Daylesford. This property is now known as Mount Stuart House. Priscilla appears to be on Central Spring Road with the Daylesford Post Office in the background. Photograph 9 is labelled 1914 which would make it near the end of their tenancy between 1911 and 1914. No 10: This photograph raises some questions. Priscilla appears to have darker sleeves /blouse (lilac) which may indicate she is still a trainee however Priscilla is also wearing a “charge nurse” arm band. While my research shows trainee nurses can be a “charge nurse” this is not common practise. The scene appears to be at the door of a house/home. I am not sure if the children’s ward/orphanage at the Ballarat Hospital at this time was in such a building. It could be that it is at the Mount Stuart Hospital but this would mean Priscilla and Lily have duplicated the wearing of the “charge nurse” arm band. The St John’s logo looks different too. Priscilla Isabel “Pearl” Wardle (1884-1967). The armband indicates Priscilla is a Charge Nurse at the Ballarat Hospital. Nothing else known. No 11: Mary & I at Mount Stuart – House Daylesford – This is probably the nursery at the Mount Stuart House Private Hospital being run by Priscilla Isabel “Pearl” Wardle (1884 – 1967) and Selina Lily (Lil) MacKenzie or McKenzie (1882 – 1975) between 1910 and 1914. Mary is certainly Mary Young MacKenzie or McKenzie (1865- 1942) Lily’s stepsister who trained at Ballarat Hospital as “Mary Young “at the same time as Priscilla and Lily. Mount Stuart House still stands at 18 Duke Street Daylesford. Photo date 1912. No 12: Priscilla wearing her distinctive Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service Reserve cape and badge. Possibly while nursing in London for a month in 1919 after the war. No 12A: Priscilla Wardle - WW1 Diary, OCR enabled. No 13: Priscilla and friends at No. 7 General Hospital, Malassises, Saint Omer, France in July 1915 The old monastery being used as a hospital can be seen in the background. The tents are the nurses quarters. This photograph may have been taken at the same time as the group photograph on page 250 of the diary transcription. Priscilla is thought to be the nurse at the centre in the QAIMNSR uniform. The nurses quarters at the No 7 General Hospital in Saint Omer in France where Priscilla worked for most of the first year of her Diary. Their Monastery (Hospital) at Malassises can be seen in the background. No 15: Priscilla is an Acting Sister working at the 2nd General Hospital for Officers in Havre, France, between March and July 1918. The nurses were enjoying their “tea party”. (see also page 253 of the Diary transcription) No 17: Priscilla at Havre - at 2nd General Hospital (Officers Hospital) in Havre., France Friday 29 March 1918 to Monday 29 July 1918 note the two dark bands on her right sleeve denoting that she is an “Acting Sister”. Priscilla is 34 years of age in this picture and in the three weeks prior to this posting she met Cyril Terence Charles Kirby (1892-1968) her future husband at the 42nd Stationary Hospital in Flixecourt while he was serving with the British Army during the battle and evacuation of Amiens. No 18: Priscilla Wardle at No 8 Stationary Hospital Wimereux, France - from Saturday 24 June 1916 to Tuesday 18 September 1917, Priscilla worked at this hospital for 15 months her longest time in one hospital. during the war. While at Wimereux on Sunday 1 July 1917 she was appointed an Acting Sister. Priscilla once said she disliked nursing in her cape and badges and here she is in her favourite “uniform” for work “the robe” as she called it. She may be leaving the “operating theatre” at Wimereux in this photograph. No 19: Priscilla worked in various operating theatres throughout France. This could be after she became an anaesthetist in 1918 and worked with this team. She is wearing her favourite uniform which is more comfortable. She did not like the collars and capes that were required to be worn. No 20: Priscilla and Sister Michael Meeke? (details not found) are having a quiet drink at the 2nd General Hospital for Officers in Havre, France. Note the dark bands on their sleeves denote their rank as nursing “Sisters”. While it looks like they are smoking look more closely they are in fact holding a “flute” style probably “cocktail” glass. Tea parties and cocktails, Havre could almost have been fun. No 22: 1913 – Ballarat nurse Priscilla Isabell “Pearl” Wardle (1884-1967) in Cannes on the French Riviera during leave from between Friday 20 February 1918 and Friday 6 March 1918.Priscilla is second from the left wearing her distinctive QAIMNSR cape of grey with dark “wine” coloured border. The other nurses are wearing their “travelling” army uniform. They were rudely called “Salvation Army Lassies” by American nurses for the way they were dressed. (see page 232 of Priscilla’s War Diary) The description of 1913 on this photograph is confusing. No 23: Priscilla with her best friend Edith Victoria Donaldson somewhere in the “mysterious far east” on their trip on the Orontes. Priscilla is second from left - this may have been taken at Durban during Priscilla's return to Australia in 1919. No 25: Priscilla Wardle, Ballarat nurse in her Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service Reserve (QAIMNSR) uniform. Notice the distinctive grey cape with “wine coloured” border Priscilla is also wearing her QAIMNSR qualification badge (medal) on the right side. Because she has no dark (wine coloured) bands on her sleeves so this photograph may be before 1 July 1918. No 26: Priscilla met her husband to be English army Lieutenant Cyril Terrence Charles Kirby during the battle and subsequent evacuation of Amiens in France. As an army nursing “Sister” Priscilla also held the rank of Lieutenant. Priscilla was stationed at the 42nd Stationary Hospital between 7/3/18 and 23/3/18. She had just completed a fortnight break at Cannes on the French Riviera. They were married at Priscilla’s home “Waverley" at 215 Dawson Street Ballarat on Saturday 15 November 1919. Nov 15, 1919 – Mr and Mrs Kirby. The bride Priscilla Isabell “Pearl” Kirby (nee Wardle) (1884-1967) and the groom Cyril Terence Charles Kirby (1892– 1968) on their wedding day. Priscilla was 34 years of age and Cyril 27 years of age however their marriage certificate states that they were both 34 years of age. Their marriage certificate states they were married at Waverley, Dawson St, South, Ballarat in a Presbyterian service conducted by the Rev. John Walker, a Minister of the Presbyterian Church of Australia and the Moderator General of the Church we think for Victoria. Was it in an outdoor setting as the surrounds in this photograph seem to indicate. Their witnesses were Robert and Olive, Priscilla’s brother and sister. Cyril signed as C. Terence. C. Kirby and Priscila signed as Priscilla I. Wardle. The certificate lists Cyril (Terence) as a Bachelor, Born at sea on a British ship and his occupation as Sailor. His father interestingly is listed as Charles John Kirby, of independent means and his mother as Emily Newman. Priscilla is listed as a Spinster, born in Ballarat with occupation as a Nurse. Her father is listed as Henry Thomas Wardle, Timber Merchant and her mother as Isabella Allan. They are both resident at 215 Dawson St. Ballarat which was Waverley the Wardle family home. No 28: Reverse in Poppy’s handwriting: “Lovingly yours Poppy, Dec 1908” Taken the year after Poppy qualified at BBH. No 29: Reverse in Poppy’s handwriting: “With much love to you Cilla, Poppy 1915” This picture was taken in the same year as the Marquette sinking incident. Edith Catheina Popplewell RRC (1884-1972) in her New Zealand Army Nursing Service (NZANS) Uniform. Poppy is at age 29 years in this photograph. Poppy was awarded the Royal Red Cross (RRC) medal for her heroism during the sinking of the Marquette transport ship. She lost her best friend NZ nurse Lorna Ratray. No 30: Taken in Cairo. Poppy is in the centre and wearing her New Zealand army badge and cape. The two nurses on either side are Australian nurses probably wearing their unique silver Australian Army sunrise badge and cape. No 31: Reverse in Poppy’s handwriting: “Ward 7 on Xmas day 1917, with my love, Poppy, A Happy New Year to you – had the sweetest letter from Bobbie”. (Bobbie is Priscilla’s brother Robert). It is thought the nurse in the centre of the three on the left is Poppy. It is 1917 two years after the Marquette sinking. Poppy appears to be a “sister” note the two dark bands on her sleeve. The uniform also matches that of Poppy 2. This photograph is in Post Card form very common during WWI. Edith Popplewell RRC is the “Sister” in the middle of the group of three nurses on the left. She is a sister not a general nurse because of the two bands on her left wrist denoting her rank. She was in fact the Charge Nurse ( in charge) of Ward 7 at this time. Note the Christmas decorations. Poppy is at age 33 years of age in this photograph.Bobbie is Priscilla’s brother Robert Norman “Bobbie” Wardle (1895-1979). No 32: Lilly MacKenzie & Poppy – Otaki - Australian nurse Selina Lily (Lil) MacKenzie sometimes McKenzie (1882– 975) grew up and trained as a nurse in Ballarat Victoria. After completing her training Lily and Priscilla Isabell “Pearl” Wardle (1884 – 1967) conducted the Mount Stuart House Private Hospital in Daylesford Victoria. In late 1913 Lily travelled to Otaki, 32 kms north of Wellington in New Zealand and worked at the Otaki Cottage Hospital with close friend Edith Catheina Popplewell “Poppy” (1884-1976) who also grew up and trained as a nurse at the Ballarat Hospital. In 1914 Lily was matron of a private hospital in Taihape 150kms north of Wellington. Both Lily and Poppy volunteered for New Zealand but as New Zealand were not accepting Australian trained nurses she returned to Australia and enlisted in the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) in October 1915. Lily went on to serve in Egypt, England, France and Italy where she was awarded the Royal Red Cross (RRC) medal for her service. This photograph is while Lily and Poppy were working at Otaki Cottage Hospital in New Zealand. Circa 1914. trainee, charge sister, ballarat, hospital, 1905, 1908, ww1, mount stuart house, sleeman, wardle, popplewell, mackenzie, military, queen alexandra's imperial military nursing service reserve, daylesford, nurses, private hospital, edith popplewell, france, cairo, diary, ww1 diary, havre, lily mackenzie, eagleton, matron, otaki, new zealand, donaldson, malassises, kelly, young, kirby -
Chiltern Athenaeum Trust
Bible : sent to Ebbie Snow WW1, The Holy Bible : Containing The Old and New Testament, Circa 1914-1918
Associated with Ebbie Snow WW1 Chiltern resident. Sent to him from Aunty Bell and Gertie. Associated with Chiltern Resident Ebbie Snow WW1 soldier. Sent to him by his relatives with wishes for a safe journey home again. Small pocket Holy Bible containing the old and new testaments, Oxford, printed at the University Press London. Black leather over cover upon hard cardboard front and back. Internal pages are soft parchment. The book spine has "Holy Bible" and Oxford annotated upon it. Spine contains the wording Holy Bible (top) and Oxford (bottom). Blank cover and back. Internal first page contains title contents and publication details. The front cover has ink handwriting detailing the following : "To Ebbie with best love and wishes and may god bless and guide you safe home from Auntie Bell and Gertie". Note - Ebbie refers to Ebbie Snow. ww1 ebbie snow, holy bible old and new testaments, ebbie snow - aunty belle and gertie -
National Wool Museum
Functional object - Needles, W.H. Head & Son, c1895
Needles are over 100 years old. The donor obtained them from Mrs Patricia Wrench, a granddaughter of Lord Brassey, Governor of Victoria between 1985 – 1900. The needles were manufactured by W.H. Head & Son, a Trimming Manufacture and Wholesale Haberdashers company established in London.A purple leather case containing 39 steel knitting needles of varying widths.Above clip of case, gold lettering - W.H. Head & Son, Sloane st, London, S.W. Inside case, gold lettering - 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20england, needles, patricia wrench, lord brassey, knitting -
City of Ballarat Libraries
Australian Historical Record Society papers, John M. Hood, A Few Recollections of the Long Ago
The Australian Historical Records Society existed in Ballarat between 1896 and 1906. They were one of Australia's first historical societies, and were in the position to still be able to talk to early pioneers. They invited such pioneers to either submit letters or memoirs, or to address the Society's meetings, where their reminiscences were taken down in shorthand and later typed up. The Society also attempted to preserve memorabilia from Ballarat's early days, but on the disbanding of the group in 1906, materials were stored at the Ballarat Town Hall and were later lost. It is not known how the papers made their way to the then Ballarat Municipal Library, but they have been part of the Library's collection for many years.John Hood was originally from London, and arrived in Melbourne from Tasmania in 1842. He first dug for gold in Little Bendigo / Nerrina, in 1852. He died in 1909, a very old man, at the Ballarat Benevolent Asylum. -
Parliament of Victoria
Photograph of John Pascoe Fawkner, 1857
This photograph of John Pascoe Fawkner was commissioned by artist William Strutt in 1857. In 1907 Strutt gave the photograph to Victoria's London agent, Mr. Lake, to be presented to the Victorian Parliamentary Library. In a letter to Mr. Lake now in the library's archives, Strutt describes how he had planned to make use of the photograph in his artistic practice, and when finished with it, had promised to give the photograph to the Victorian Parliamentary Librarian Charles Ridgway (c.1801-1865). "That time then has come, late it is true, but alas Mr. Ridgeway [sic] is dead, so is Fawkner, but the old patriot will ever live in this portrait".Framed ambrotype portrait photograph of John Pascoe Fawkner seated and wearing a smoking cap. Note from William Strutt adhered verso. The ambrotype is a positive photographic image on a glass plate mounted inside a glazed frame with a gold-coloured inner-frame/preserver (possibly celluloid) and black velvet-covered backing board. Handwritten black ink verso: "John Pasco [sic] Fawkner/ This admirable portrait/ of the Founder of Melbourne is now presented in/ fulfilment of my/ promise (made years/ ago to the late Mr/ Ridgeway) to present it/ to the Parliament House/ Library of Melbourne./ William Strutt./ Wedsmnt [?] Dec' 18.1007."strutt, william, 1825-1915, fawkner, john pascoe, 1792-1869, ridgway, charles c.1801-1865, victorian parliamentary library -
Ballarat and District Irish Association
Image, Justin McCarthy M.P., 1864
McCarthy, JUSTIN, Irish politician, journalist, novelist, and historian, b. at Cork, November 22, 1830; d. at Folkestone, England, June 24, 1912. He was the son of Michael McCarthy, and was educated at a private school in his native city. At the age of eighteen he obtained a position on the literary staff of the "Cork Examiner". In 1853 he went to Liverpool as a journalist; in 1860 became Parliamentary reporter of the London "Morning Star", which he edited later (1864-68). From 1868 till 1871 he lectured with great success throughout the United States of America and was one of the assistant editors of the New York "Independent". On his return to England he contributed frequently to the "Nineteenth Century", the "Fortnightly Review", and the "Contemporary Review", and for many years was leader writer for the London "Daily News". From 1879 till 1896 he was a member of the British Parliament, representing the Irish constituencies of County Longford, Derry City, and North Longford. In November, 1880, he joined the Irish Land League, which won so many victories for the Catholic peasantry; two years later he became chairman of the National Land and Labor League of Great Britain. In 1886 he revisited the United States. From 1890 till 1896 he was chairman of the Irish Parliamentary party in succession to Parnell, having previously been vice-chairman for many years. His courtesy and moderation won him the respect of all parties in Parliament. Though participating so actively in the political life of Ireland, McCarthy took more interest in letters than in politics. His first novel, "The Waterdale Neighbors", appeared in 1867, and was followed by about twenty others, many of which are still popular. Of these the chief are: "Dear Lady Disdain" (1875); "A Fair Saxon" (1873); "Miss Misanthrope" (1877) and "The Dictator" (1893). Other publications were: "Con Amore", a volume of essays (1868), and biographies of Sir Robert Peel (1891), Leo XIII (1896), and Gladstone (1897). McCarthy's popularity as a writer depends rather on his historical writings, which are always lucid, forceful, and wonderfully free from party spirit. Of these works the most important are: "History of our own Times" (7 vols., London, 1879-1905), dealing with the events from the year 1830 to the death of Queen Victoria and supplemented by "Reminiscences of an Irishman" (1899); "A short History of our own Times" (1888); "The Epoch of Reform, 1830-1850" (London, 1874); "History of the Four Georges" (4 vols., 1884-1901), of which vols. 3 and 4 were written in collaboration with his son, Justin Huntly McCarthy well-known as a novelist and play-writer; "Ireland and her Story" (1903); "Modern England" (1899); "Rome in Ireland" (1904). Failing health and old age could not induce McCarthy to lay down his pen, and even as late as November, 1911, he published his "Irish Recollections", describing with his wonted charm the events of his earlier life. He was an ardent advocate of Catholic rights, and, though he had been indifferent for many years, in his old age he returned to the practices of his religion. A.A. MACERLEAN [http://oce.catholic.com/index.php?title=Justin_McCarthy, accessed 3/12/2013]Image of a bearded man wearing glasses. He is Justin McCarthy, M.P.ballarat irish, justin mccarthy, cork -
Numurkah & District Historical Society
Equipment - Box Camera
Owned by local, Margaret MitchellKodak Brownie Flash II Camera - box shape, black vinyl covering, with silver, grey front. Front has glass lens & 2 viewfinders. Back is hinged. Instruction Booklet includedFront of Camera: Kodak, Kodet Lens, Brownie Flash II Camera, Made in England by Kodak Ltd London photography, camera, box camera, brownie, kodak -
Numurkah & District Historical Society
Functional object - Case for wax tapers
Used to hold wax tapers for lighting candlesLong black cylindrical tin case for wax tapers. Has gold oriental scenes. Made by Bryant & May, London (1916)Bryant & May, Londonwax tapers, candles, lighting, bryant & may -
Old Colonists' Association of Ballarat Inc.
Work on paper, Harold Herbert, 'An Old Cottage Cornwall' by Harold Herbert, c1923
Harold HERBERT (1891–1945) A well known watercolour painter who was principal of the Ballarat Technical Art School. It is also known as Lime Kiln Cottage. A framed etching showing cottage in Cornwall. A proof was exhibited in London at the Fine Art Society in 1923.Lower right corner - Harold Herbert for the Old Colonists' Club 1931harold herbert, old colonists' club ballarat, agriculture, farming, horses, animals, plough, lime kiln cottage -
Melbourne Legacy
Postcard, Correspondence from travelling Legatees, 1995
A postcard to the Comradeship Committee when a Legatee was travelling in England. The postcard is a picture of the Trooping of the Colour in London shown as rows of Queen's guardsmen. It is addressed to Hugh Caffrey (?) at Legacy House. It is dated 15 June 1995. It says: "G'day Hughie. Recognise me. I'm behind the bloke in the hat in the back row. Had a wonderful VE-50 week of celebrations. The RAAF were really looked after, reserve seats and all. A further week at the old dome was terrific. People were wonderful to us. Have just returned from 21 days around Europe Fantastic. About the head around the British Isles and Ireland. Regards to all at Legacy, Cheers. Ron S (?). £2 a pint beer?A record of a Legatee travelling and relating experiences back to his comrades in Melbourne.Colour postcard of London.Printed "London. Trooping the Colour" 35p UK postage stamp and airmail sticker. Handwritten text in blue pen.comradeship, legatee -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - Glass Slide Photos of Bendigo, Early 1900s
Bendigo followed much the same pattern as Ballarat, and was not ready for an up-to-date studio until 1880 when the Bartlett Bros. (Francis and Henry) who bad conducted a successful business in Melbourne for many years opened a small studio there. It was such a success that they decided to build large modern premises, and Francis made two trips to England and the Continent for the latest ideas. In 1884 Henry died, and to replace him, Francis secured the services of Robert W. Bugg, then employed by Foster & Martin (both pupils of Batchelder's) in Collins Street, Melbourne. In that studio Bugg made some fine portraits of Anthony Trollope during the novelist's long tour of Australia. Francis Bartlett was a keen business man, and Robert Bugg was a great operator and a fine painter. Together, their success was quite outstanding. Fifteen years later Bartlett retired with a fortune, and Bugg took over the studio. Robert William Bugg, one of our leading Painter-Photographers, was born in London in 1853, and came to Melbourne when he was five years old. He became a pupil of Louis Buvelot and, in 1879, a member of the Victorian Academy of Arts. In Bendigo he gave annual exhibitions of his oils and water colours, a number of his exhibitions being officially opened by his friend Alfred Deakin. There are a number of Bugg's Paintings in the Bendigo Art Gallery. All the portraits, landscapes, buildings, and city views illustrated in "Bendigo and Vicinity, 1897", are from photographs taken by Robert Bugg. He was a clever, genial and popular soul, and his influence on the cultural life of his adopted city was considerable. He retired in 1932 and died in his early eighties.Eleven Photos of Bendigo from Glass Plate Negatives, Campaspe River at Axedale, Axe Creek, Lake Weroona, White Hills Botanical Gardens, Conseratory Gardens, Bendigo Fernery. Slides are ex Bartlett Brother Bendigo. history, bendigo, bendigo conservatory gardens, campaspe river axedale, axe creek victoria, lake weroona bendigo, white hills botanical gardens bendigo, bartlett brothers bendigo, rosalind park bendigo -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - Glass Slide Photos of Bendigo Cinema Advertising, Early 1900s
Bendigo followed much the same pattern as Ballarat, and was not ready for an up-to-date studio until 1880 when the Bartlett Bros. (Francis and Henry) who bad conducted a successful business in Melbourne for many years opened a small studio there. It was such a success that they decided to build large modern premises, and Francis made two trips to England and the Continent for the latest ideas. In 1884 Henry died, and to replace him, Francis secured the services of Robert W. Bugg, then employed by Foster & Martin (both pupils of Batchelder's) in Collins Street, Melbourne. In that studio Bugg made some fine portraits of Anthony Trollope during the novelist's long tour of Australia. Francis Bartlett was a keen business man, and Robert Bugg was a great operator and a fine painter. Together, their success was quite outstanding. Fifteen years later Bartlett retired with a fortune, and Bugg took over the studio. Robert William Bugg, one of our leading Painter-Photographers, was born in London in 1853, and came to Melbourne when he was five years old. He became a pupil of Louis Buvelot and, in 1879, a member of the Victorian Academy of Arts. In Bendigo he gave annual exhibitions of his oils and water colours, a number of his exhibitions being officially opened by his friend Alfred Deakin. There are a number of Bugg's Paintings in the Bendigo Art Gallery. All the portraits, landscapes, buildings, and city views illustrated in "Bendigo and Vicinity, 1897", are from photographs taken by Robert Bugg. He was a clever, genial and popular soul, and his influence on the cultural life of his adopted city was considerable. He retired in 1932 and died in his early eighties.Photos from Glass Plate Negatives Slides are ex Bartlett Brother Bendigo. The Slides were used for advertising prior to the shows and during intervals; possibly at one of the three picture theatres, the Lyric, the Plaza, or the Princes Theatre. history, bendigo, bartlett brothers bendigo, bendigo theatre advertising -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - Glass Slide Photos of Bendigo Cinema Advertising, Mid 1900s
Bendigo followed much the same pattern as Ballarat, and was not ready for an up-to-date studio until 1880 when the Bartlett Bros. (Francis and Henry) who bad conducted a successful business in Melbourne for many years opened a small studio there. It was such a success that they decided to build large modern premises, and Francis made two trips to England and the Continent for the latest ideas. In 1884 Henry died, and to replace him, Francis secured the services of Robert W. Bugg, then employed by Foster & Martin (both pupils of Batchelder's) in Collins Street, Melbourne. In that studio Bugg made some fine portraits of Anthony Trollope during the novelist's long tour of Australia. Francis Bartlett was a keen business man, and Robert Bugg was a great operator and a fine painter. Together, their success was quite outstanding. Fifteen years later Bartlett retired with a fortune, and Bugg took over the studio. Robert William Bugg, one of our leading Painter-Photographers, was born in London in 1853, and came to Melbourne when he was five years old. He became a pupil of Louis Buvelot and, in 1879, a member of the Victorian Academy of Arts. In Bendigo he gave annual exhibitions of his oils and water colours, a number of his exhibitions being officially opened by his friend Alfred Deakin. There are a number of Bugg's Paintings in the Bendigo Art Gallery. All the portraits, landscapes, buildings, and city views illustrated in "Bendigo and Vicinity, 1897", are from photographs taken by Robert Bugg. He was a clever, genial and popular soul, and his influence on the cultural life of his adopted city was considerable. He retired in 1932 and died in his early eighties.Nine Photos of vehicles from Glass Plate Negatives Slides are ex Bartlett Brother Bendigo. The Slides were used for advertising prior to the shows and during intervals; possibly at either of the three picture theatres, the Lyric, the Plaza, or the Princes Theatre. history, bendigo, bartlett brothers bendigo, bendigo theatre advertising -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - Glass Slide Photos of Bendigo Cinema Advertising, Mid 1900s
Bendigo followed much the same pattern as Ballarat, and was not ready for an up-to-date studio until 1880 when the Bartlett Bros. (Francis and Henry) who bad conducted a successful business in Melbourne for many years opened a small studio there. It was such a success that they decided to build large modern premises, and Francis made two trips to England and the Continent for the latest ideas. In 1884 Henry died, and to replace him, Francis secured the services of Robert W. Bugg, then employed by Foster & Martin (both pupils of Batchelder's) in Collins Street, Melbourne. In that studio Bugg made some fine portraits of Anthony Trollope during the novelist's long tour of Australia. Francis Bartlett was a keen business man, and Robert Bugg was a great operator and a fine painter. Together, their success was quite outstanding. Fifteen years later Bartlett retired with a fortune, and Bugg took over the studio. Robert William Bugg, one of our leading Painter-Photographers, was born in London in 1853, and came to Melbourne when he was five years old. He became a pupil of Louis Buvelot and, in 1879, a member of the Victorian Academy of Arts. In Bendigo he gave annual exhibitions of his oils and water colours, a number of his exhibitions being officially opened by his friend Alfred Deakin. There are a number of Bugg's Paintings in the Bendigo Art Gallery. All the portraits, landscapes, buildings, and city views illustrated in "Bendigo and Vicinity, 1897", are from photographs taken by Robert Bugg. He was a clever, genial and popular soul, and his influence on the cultural life of his adopted city was considerable. He retired in 1932 and died in his early eighties.Seven Photos of vehicles from Glass Plate Negatives. Slides are ex Bartlett Brother Bendigo, photographers. The Slides were used for advertising prior to the shows and during intervals; possibly at either of the three picture theatres, the Lyric, the Plaza, or the Princess Theatre. history, bendigo, bartlett brothers bendigo, bendigo theatre advertising -
8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles Regimental Collection
letter
Part of a collection of objects relating to the service of Lieutenant Russell Jones, 13th Battalion. The collection gives an interesting insight into the social life of a young officer during and immediately following the end of the war. Regimental No 3350 later Lieutenant Russel Norman Jones was a 20 year old linotype operator when he enlisted in the 13th Battalion AIF 6 August 1915. He had 4 years cadet service and two years CMF prior to enlistment. He was wounded in action on two occasions and returned to Australia in September 1919 on SS Suevic. Example of community support for men serving overseas in World War 1 (1914-1918). Letter from Neutral Bay Parents' & Citizens' Association dated October 1917 to 3350 Corporal R N Jones D Company 13th Battalion AIF advising him that a parcel has been forwarded to London to be delivered to him for Xmas. The parcel was one of 100 sent by the Association following a successful fund raising "Entertainment & Gift Evening". Attached to the letter is an envelope addressed to Corporal Jones with a one penny postage stamp affixed.jones russell n, neutral bay parents' & citizens' association -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Work on paper - Black and White Photograph, Dr Norman Rose
Dr Rose was a member of the Surrey Hills Medical Centre for approximately 50 years. Norman was the son of Maurice Rose (1889-1963) and Gertrude nee Gordon (1891-1972) and was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire, UK, on 15 September 1916. Norman had an older sister, Irene. As with many migrant families, Maurice departed from London for Melbourne on 27 October 1927 on the ‘Ballarat’ ahead of his family, who sailed on the ‘Bendigo’ on 8 May, 1928. Norman was 12 years old. The family lived in a number of locations including St Kilda, Balaclava and later Elwood. Norman attended Wesley College, following which he enrolled at the University of Melbourne, where he studied medicine, graduating MB BS in 1939. For unknown reasons, post-graduation Norman moved to Perth in March 1940. It was at the Fremantle General Hospital that he met his future wife, Helen Beatrice (Betty) Mackie, and began training in anaesthetics. When World War 2 was declared, Norman enlisted in the army. He was attached to the 2/13th Field Ambulance (AIF). He served in the Middle East and Borneo. Upon their return to Melbourne after the end of the war, Norman completed hospital rotations as a Resident Medical Officer at the Alfred Hospital (1946-1947) and at the Royal Women’s Hospital in 1948. Norman was a close friend of Dr Bill Vorrath, which probably explains how he came to join the Surrey Hills Medical Centre in either 1948 or 1949. Although technically a General Practitioner, Dr Rose focused on Anaesthetics. He was often on call for the Emergency Department at Box Hill Hospital and he also taught many students how to administer an epidural. In 1972, under the so-called ‘Grandfather Clause’, he was registered as a Specialist Practitioner in Anaesthesia. Dr Rose’s long service to Box Hill Hospital was recognised with the award of Life Governorship of the Hospital in 1978. Dr Rose married for a second time after his first wife Betty died in 1997. He retired in 1998 or 1999 and died in 2010 in his 94th year. Dr Norman Rose worked at Surrey Hills Medical Centre as a General Practitioner / Anaesthetist for 50 years, and thus had a significant role in and influence on this community.A formal head and shoulders portrait photo of a man with greying hair, wearing glasses and jacket and striped tie.norman rose, general practitioner, doctor, anaesthetist, surrey hills medical centre, box hill hospital, fremantle general hospital, 2/13th field ambulance aif, alfred hospital, royal women's hospital, bill vorrath, helen beatrice mackie, betty mackie, betty rose -
Surrey Hills Historical Society Collection
Book, Lost relations : Fortunes of my family in Australia's Golden Age, 2015
Bought with funds generated by cemetery tours , presented to SHNCHC by SHHS following a presentation to the Society by the author. Graeme Davison has lived in Surrey Hills for many years. A family history by historian Graeme Davison - A widow and her 8 older children are uprooted from their Hampshire farm in 1850 and thrown together on an emigrate ship with 38 distressed needlewomen from London. How they came to be on the boat, and what happened on the high seas and afterwards in Australia , is a vivid tale of family ambitions and fears, successes and catastrophes. The Hewetts were not famous or distinguished, but their story reveals much about the foundations of Australia. Inscriptions: A family history by historian Graeme Davison - A widow and her 8 older children are uprooted from their Hampshire farm in 1850 and thrown together on an emigrate ship with 38 distressed needlewomen from London. How they came to be on the boat, and what happened on the high seas and afterwards in Australia , is a vivid tale of family ambitions and fears, successes and catastrophes. The Hewetts were not famous or distinguished, but their story reveals much about the foundations of Australia. Inscriptions: Title Page : (signed by author) :Graeme Davisonfamily history, hewett family, (mr) graeme davison -
Brighton Historical Society
Clothing - Dress, Day dress, 1890s
This dress belonged to Mrs Lillias Parker (nee Johnston, 1820-1904). Born in England, Lillias was married in London in 1844 to Samson Parker (c. 1820-1886). The couple lived in Bendigo, Victoria for much of their lives, with Samson first arriving around 1853 and establishing a business with Samuel Macord as tent makers and fruiterers. He later had a successful business as a hat and cap manufacturer and a sewing machine agent. Lillias' obituary suggests that she was one of the first women settlers to live in Bendigo and noted her reputation for philanthropy and her interest in the welfare of the blind and vision impaired, having herself experienced loss of sight many years before.Two piece day dress of mulberry figured silk. The dress comprises a separate bodice (.1) and skirt (.2). The bodice fastens centre front with fabric covered shank buttons and has twelve bones encased along the interior seams and darts. Two piece fitted sleeve and high stand collar. Bodice is backed with a caramel coloured printed cotton. The skirt has a slight train and is backed with a caramel coloured twill-woven cotton. lillias parker, 1890s, bendigo, goldfields -
Brighton Historical Society
Hat, Top hat, late 19th - early 20th century
This top hat belonged to bank manager Walter Tom Washington (1870-1948). Walter emigrated to Victoria from the Isle of Man at the age of eleven with his family in 1884. His daughter Lucy Frances Morrison (1905-2005) donated his hat to the Society in 1977, while she was living in Brighton. She recalled that he had purchased the hat for a wedding in 1911 and would wear it to church on Sundays. Established in London in 1773 by Miller Christy, Christys' continues to manufacture hats today. Their hats have been worn by members of the British royal family, Winston Churchill and Marlon Brando in the film 'The Godfather'.Black plush silk top hat with cream silk lining and leather and padded cloth interior bands. Black wool band.Label, printed in blue on crown silk lining: ENGLISH MANUFACTURE / CHRISTYS' LONDON'top hat, silk plush, nineteenth century, christy & co, christys', menswear, walter tom washington -
Brighton Historical Society
Evening dress and bag, 1950s
This dress and bag belonged to Mrs Edith "Dot" Paroissien (nee Jackson, born 1916), who lived in Brighton with her husband David William Paroissien. The dress was purchased from Croyde, a Melbourne designer who had a small boutique shop in Collins Street near the Block Arcade, and the bag was bought for her in London by David. Dot recalled wearing the dress in the 1950s, in particular to a ball at the Royal Exhibition Buildings for Wesley College. She wore it with suede shoes with a medium heel with straps across the instep and long white kid gloves, and accessorised with a baguette choker and drop earrings.Black silk satin sleeveless full-length evening dress. The attached bodice floats over the top of the under-dress. Asymmetrical opening on bodice which features five large flat self-covered buttons. The black suede bag has chrome fittings and buttery cream coloured satin interior. .1 dress - Label, woven black on white acetate centre back: CROYDE / MELBOURNE .2 - bag - Label, printed, black on cream acetate, interior pocket: Susan / HANDBAGS / LONDON; Label, printed, copper on black metal, interior pocket: MADE IN ITALY / FOR SUSANevening dress, croyde, melbourne fashion, melbourne designers, handbag, royal exhibition building, 1950s, edith violetta paroissien, edith violetta jackson -
Brighton Historical Society
Cape, Opera cape, circa late 1920s
This velvet opera cape was worn by Agnes Emmeline "Dot" McCowan (nee Iredell, 1887-1969) to a reception for English aviatrix Amy Johnson in her North Road home in the early 1930s. Amy Johnson achieved worldwide fame in 1930 when she became the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia. Dot was the fourth child, and only surviving daughter, of Dr Charles Lesingham Maynard Iredell and Frances Keziah Iredell (née Hill), both formerly of Regents Park, London. Her parents had arrived in Australia in 1885 after Charles, a medical specialist, lost his money and house in the financial crash of 1880. In Melbourne, Charles established a reputation as an ear, nose and throat specialist and counted Dame Nellie Melba among his patients. Dot was schooled at Fairlight College in St Kilda. After falling from a tree at the age of twelve, she developed curvature of the spine. While recuperating, she took a correspondence course in theory and harmony of music with the Royal College of Music, London. She continued to pursue music after her recovery, ultimately winning an international scholarship to study piano and singing in Leipzig, Germany, but did not take up the offer due to her father's objections. She instead remained in Melbourne, where she put her skills to use as a music teacher. After her first fiancé disappeared at sea, Dot found happiness again with George Drummond. George owned a substantial property in Manjimup, Western Australia, and the couple planned to settle there after the wedding. It was not to be. Like many Australian men, George was killed in action on the Western Front during the First World War. It had become customary in George's wealthy family to give each son's bride a gift of one thousand pounds. Though Dot and George were never able to marry, the family nevertheless honoured the custom, and between their generous financial gift and her own teaching income, Dot was able to buy a well-appointed home at 9 North Road, Brighton for herself and her parents. The house remained in the family for many decades. In 1923, at the age of thirty-six, Dot met and fell in love with Alexander James McCowan. They were married on 28 February 1924; the reception was held in the North Road house.Salmon pink velvet opera cape with a padded collar and long fringe. Fastens at collar with a pair of circular metal clasps engraved with floral designs and accentuated with purple enamel. Silk lining.agnes emmeline iredell, agnes emmeline mccowan, opera cape, 1920s, 1930s, amy johnson -
National Wool Museum
Photograph - Man with a Cow, J W Allen, 1900 - 1940
This item is part of a collection of twenty black and white glass lantern slides previously housed together in an old cardboard box. [8611 - 8630] The slides are part of a greater collection of around forty three black and white glass lantern slides, along with other photographs and photo albums related to this collection. This item is associated with the New South Wales Graziers Association world tour of merino sheep 1928/9. The slides were possibly used as supporting material in presentations made by J W Allen when on tour.Black and white glass lantern slide with paper edging depicting a man holding a horned cow with a rope. A fence, trees and farmland is shown in the background.front: [printed] MAKERS / NEWTON & Co. / 3 FLEET St. LONDON / [handwritten] Werlir[?] Herry[?] Cownew south wales graziers association, travel, cattle, agriculture, j w allen, photography, glass lantern slide -
Federation University Art Collection
Artwork, other - Ceramic mural, John Gilbert, 'Enigmatic Land' by John Gilbert, 1973, 1973
ENIMATIC LAND OF BIRDS THAT SING FLOWERS FROMS SEEDS THAT SPRING OF REPTILES AND FISHES CREATURES FROM THE BEGINNING SUN AND MAN AND SCIENCE THE SYMBOLS THAT SILENTLY BUILD AND CHANGE IN COOL AND WARM YOU ARE THERE AND HERE OF YESTERDAY NOW THE SPLITTING EARTH MURAL BY JOHN GILBERT 1973John GILBERT (1935- ) Born Albury, New South Wales John Gilbert worked as a teacher while completing a Certificate of Art at the Technical College in Marlborough, before moving to Ballarat in 1958. He studied at the Ballarat Technical Art School, a division of the Ballarat School of Mines (1960-1961) receiving a Diploma of Art; and Croydon College of Art, London. Gilbert was a Senior Lecturer at the Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education (now Federation University) Art Department until his retirement in the late 1970s. In John Gilbert's Mount Helen studio he produced work marked with an incised 'Gilbert'. He had acquired a concern for form and an interest in sculpture from his teacher Neville Bunning, and from the British potter Hans Coper, whom he visited in 1968. He established two potteries in Ballarat , the Edinburgh Pottery (1972-2005) located within the Sovereign Hill precinct, and the Old Ballarat Pottery (1973-1994) located in the Old Ballarat Village opposite Sovereign Hill. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.A large ceramic mural by John Gilbert commissioned for the wall of the E.J. Barker Library. The mural features brown and green glaze with features of indigo. The work has no particular pictorial representation. It is an arrangement of colour and form, designed for enjoyment rather than to analyse. The theme relates to the development of the Universe through basic symbols such as plant forms, fish, birds and to mans development through symbols of science and engineering. The outer edge is symbolic of earths crust being peeled away to reveal science and nature. The mural depicts the changing of seasons from Winter to Summer (left to right). The mural was completed at John Gilbert's Slate Gallery studio, Mount Helen, and took eight months to make.gilbert, artwork, john gilbert, art, ballarat school of mines, mural, ballarat institute of advanced education, ballarat pottery, ceramics, old ballarat pottery, edinburgh pottery -
Federation University Art Collection
Ceramic - Ceramic - stoneware, [Pot] by John Gilbert, 1968 /1975
John GILBERT (1935- ) Born Albury, New South Wales John Gilbert worked as a teacher while completing a Certificate of Art at the Technical College in Marlborough, before moving to Ballarat in 1958. He studied at the Ballarat Technical Art School, a division of the Ballarat School of Mines (1960-1961) receiving a Diploma of Art; and Croydon College of Art, London. Gilbert was a Senior Lecturer at the Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education (now Federation University) Art Department until his retirement in the late 1970s. In John Gilbert's Mount Helen studio he produced work marked with an incised 'Gilbert'. He had acquired a concern for form and an interest in sculpture from his teacher Neville Bunning, and from the British potter Hans Coper, whom he visited in 1968. He established two potteries in Ballarat , the Edinburgh Pottery (1972-2005) located within the Sovereign Hill precinct, and the Old Ballarat Pottery (1973-1994) located in the Old Ballarat Village opposite Sovereign Hill. This item is part of the Federation University Art Collection. The Art Collection features over 2000 works and was listed as a 'Ballarat Treasure' in 2007.Large stoneware pot with brown swirling glaze design. art, artwork, john gilbert, gilbert, ceramics, stoneware, alumni, edinburgh pottery, old ballarat pottery -
National Communication Museum
Tool - Morse Inker Tape
This tape is from the first telegram ever sent in Western Australia. This important event occurred on 21 June 1869. At this time the transmitted message was received on paper tape and later transcribed onto a telegram form for delivery. The original tape was presented to the Honourable Frederick Palgrave Barlee, Colonial Secretary of Western Australia, as a souvenir. "FPB" appears on an engraved shield on the lid. James Coats Fleming, the first telegraphist and later Superintendent of Telegraphs, sent the telegram. During 1875, Colonial Secretary Barlee transferred from Perth to Belize and then to Trinidad where he died in 1884. The fate of the case and spool, souvenir of that first telegram, was unknown. In July 1940, the WA Agent-General in London advised the Premier's Department in Western Australia that a Mrs EW Hillyer of Hertfordshire had the spool and case and was willing to sell it for ten guineas ($21). The Postmaster General's Department agree to the purchase and it duly arrived by registered mail. As a communications museum was planned in Melbourne, it was sent there to be included in the collection. Nothing more was heard until early 1980s when the relic arrived at the Post and Telecommunication museum in Perth. The case had been found in an old Melbourne strongroom where it had apparently been placed for safe-keeping and then forgotten. Initial attempts to decode the message on the tape were unsuccessful. Eventually, it was discovered that the Western Australian Telegraph Company, responsible for that first transmission, had devised its own code. A copy was obtained from the Battye Library and the message deciphered.This Morse tape is of historic significance as the first telegram ever sent in Western Australia. The occasion was momentous as the transition point between isolation and ease of connection for business and personal communications. The case is of aesthetic interest for the craftsmanship involved in the engraved text. Further, the tape has research potential owing to the unique information contained within this tape; that is, the code of the Western Australian Telegraph Company. This tape, may in turn be used to decode further messages sent by the Western Australian Telegraph Company. As the first telegraph message sent in Western Australia, this tape is rare. Despite a tumultuous journey from 1869 to the early 1980s, the tape's ceremonial wooden case provides provenance information which supports the tape's historic importance.Small wooden case (.1) holding a length of morse tape (.2) which was the first telegram ever sent in Western Australia . Wound onto a mother of pearl reel (.3). Accompanying signs and decoded message (.4,.5)..1 engraved on a metal shield shaped plaque on the lid: "WESTERN AUSTRALIAN / TELEGRAPHS / FPB" Inside: 'TRANSLATION OF REGISTER / TO THE CHAIRMAN OF FREMANTLE TOWN TRUST / His Excellency Colonel Bruce heartily congratulates the / inhabitants of Fremantle on this annihilation of distance / between the Port and the Capital, and he requests that this, / the first message, may be made publicly known. / GOVERNMENT HOUSE, / PERTH, June 21, 1869 / Transmitted 11 am / J.C.F."|.2: "Instrument Register / of the First / Telegraphic Message / in / Western Australia"|.3: "The first Telegraph Pole / in / WESTERN AUSTRALIA / was erected by / The Hon. Frederick P. Barlee / Colonial Secretary / on 19th Febr. 1869"telegram, commemorative item, morse inker, morse tape, morse code, code, postmaster-general's department -
Mrs Aeneas Gunn Memorial Library
Book, Burke, The Old Bailey and its trials, 1951
... at the Old bailey in London Index, ill, p.226. The Old Bailey and its ...A history of trials at the Old bailey in LondonIndex, ill, p.226.non-fictionA history of trials at the Old bailey in Londontrials - england, capital punishment - england