Showing 2175 items
matching pioneer families
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City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Functional object - Clocks, ANSONIA large c1900, c1900
... Ansonia clock was owned by the pioneer family in Moorabbin Shire... was owned by the pioneer family in Moorabbin Shire c1900 ...Ansonia Clocks were made by a clock manufacturing business which started in Ansonia, Connecticut, in 1851 and which moved to Brooklyn, New York, in 1878. An enormously successful business, it turned out thousands of clocks in a large number of styles.This Ansonia clock was owned by the pioneer family in Moorabbin Shire c1900This Ansonia clock was owned by the pioneer family in Moorabbin Shire c1900A large ANSONIA clock. c1900 with a winding key and pendulum and a hinged front glass door with clip lock ANSONIAansonia clock company, connecticut, america, phelps anson, terry theodore, andrews franklin, brighton, moorabbin, furniture, pioneers, clocks, market gardeners, early settlers -
Phillip Island and District Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper clippings
... , opening of surrounding district with pioneering families, Estate... export in 1833, opening of surrounding district with pioneering ...Album donated by Miss Edith Elms via Chrisy Northcote. Details from 1758 visit by Bass, Wattle Bark export in 1833, opening of surrounding district with pioneering families, Estate Agent, John Keam & Co and the installation of Postal services in 1873 (brief history of San Remo 1798 - 1928)Two clippings with sub-headings "some early history" - San Remo Heights Estate Hall and San Remo Post Office. Photo of San Remo Port with fishing, boat middle, at top of article large sub-heading "San Remo"Titled San Remolocal history, documents, newspapers, san remo, local area development by europeans, newspapers san remo -
Glen Eira Historical Society
Document - Riddell Family
... Four printed pages taken from Henderson Early Pioneer... Early Pioneer Families of Victoria and Riverina, gives history ...Four printed pages taken from Henderson Early Pioneer Families of Victoria and Riverina, gives history of Victorian Carre Riddell family and four pictures. One photocopied entry from Australian Dictionary of Biography V6 on John Carre Riddell. Hand written Carre Riddell family tree by Claire Bartonriddell john carre, brighton cemetry, carre consett, melbourne church of england grammar school, riddell carre, walter john, old melbournians council, stephan, virgenia consett carre, gervase, bohemia club, armed forces, carre yolande sibella, thomas william clubs and associates, carre eadith winona, clyde girls grammer school, carre john, sporting clubs, hamilton wynne and riddell, caulfield shire council, riddell jane georgina vereker, stanley henry james commander, cavers carre, elsternwick, stanley henry riddell, stanley geva mary georgina vereker, riddell margret elizabeth carre, riddell annie carre, de fegely barn charles strachan, de fegely albert gervase riddell, de fegely nita leontine -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing, Lady's white, long, half petticoat cotton c1900, c1900C
... , The pioneer families had to be self sufficient making their own tools... seam and is fastened with bone buttons, The pioneer families ...A Lady's white, long, cotton half petticoat with a gathered flounce and lace insert at hem. The petticoat has a placket on the side seam and is fastened with bone buttons, The pioneer families had to be self sufficient making their own tools, clothing, while developing their market gardens, fruit orchards and dairy farms in Moorabbin Shire The pioneer women in Moorabbin Shire had to make and repair the clothes for themselves and their families and were accomplished in dressmaking, needlework , craftwork and knitting A Lady's white, long, cotton half petticoat with a wide flounce lace edging and bone buttons at side seam clothing, brighton, moorabbin, pioneers, dressmaking, market gardeners, early settlers, craftwork , bentleigh, lacework, moorabbin shire blackburn nance, dairy farms, fruit orchards -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Photograph, M Holding, 2000 c
... Mrs Anne Walker materiarch of the pioneering Walker family... Entrance gippsland Mrs Anne Walker materiarch of the pioneering ...Mrs Anne Walker materiarch of the pioneering Walker family of Bunberrah she was the loved and respected midwifeColour photograph of the headstone in memory of Mrs Anne Walker in the Bumberrah Cemetery near Johnsonville Victoriacemeteries -
Marysville & District Historical Society
Ephemera (Item) - Card, A Card-To Travellers and Excursionists, 21-01-1869
... Marysville's earliest pioneering families.... were among Marysville's earliest pioneering families. A card ...A card to travellers and excursionists that was published to promote The Australian Hotel in Marysville. The card shows a long poem expounding the attractions of The Australian Hotel and some of the local attractions in the district. The Australian Hotel was the first hotel to be opened in Marysville. The hotel was opened by the Keppel Family in 1865. The Keppel Family were among Marysville's earliest pioneering families.A card to travellers and excursionists that was published to promote The Australian Hotel in Marysville. The Australian Hotel was the first hotel to be opened in Marysville. The hotel was opened by the Keppel Family in 1865. The Keppel Family were among Marysville's earliest pioneering families.keppel hotel, keppels australian hotel, australian hotel, keppel family, maurice john keppel, marysville, victoria -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Craftwork, 5 assorted crochet hooks, c1900
... The women of the pioneer families were very skilled... of the pioneer families were very skilled at dressmaking , needlework ...The women of the pioneer families were very skilled at dressmaking , needlework and lace making. The early settlers had to be self reliant and made and repaired their own clothes, haberdashery and furnishings These tools were used to make crochet work doilies, antimacassars, and add decorative work to lingerie, collars, cuffs, baby clothes, bonnets and bibs.5 assorted steel crochet work hookscraftwork, crochetwork, needlework, early settlers, pioneers, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, steel manufacture -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Book, No cross no crown
... of the book was William Wines, a member of a pioneering family... was William Wines, a member of a pioneering family in the Woodford ...This book has been given by the Woodford Sunday School to Edith Cassady (note the misspelling of ‘Cassady’). Edith Cassady was the daughter of William and Elizabeth who lived at Boughton on the Merri River (near Cassady’s Bridge, Caramut Road today). This property was established about 1845. The donor of the book was William Wines, a member of a pioneering family in the Woodford district. This book is of some interest as it belonged to Edith Cassady, a member of a pioneering family who lived at Boughton on the Merri River. This is a hard cover book of 344 pages. The cover is red with black border decorations and black and gold lettering. There are several full page black and white illustrations scattered throughout the book which has 23 chapters of story. The cover and pages are much water-stained. The inscription is handwritten in black ink. ‘Woodford Sunday School Presented to Edith Cassidy (sic) by her well-wisher William Wines’ william wines, woodford, history of woodford, edith cassady, boughton property, cassady family -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Functional object - Clocks, small 'Ansonia' c1887, c1887
... Ansonia clock was owned by the pioneer family of Miss Carol Green... was owned by the pioneer family of Miss Carol Green in Moorabbin ...Ansonia Clocks were made by a clock manufacturing business which started in Ansonia, Connecticut, in 1851 and which moved to Brooklyn, New York, in 1878. An enormously successful business, it turned out thousands of clocks in a large number of styles.This Ansonia clock was owned by the pioneer family of Miss Carol Green in Moorabbin Shire c 1887This Ansonia clock was owned by the pioneer family of Miss Carol Green in Moorabbin Shire c 1887A small ANSONIA clock. c1887 with a winding key and pendulum and a hinged front glass door This Ansonia clock was restored by Mr Frank M. Gowan.c 1960damaged label on back : AWARD PARIS..... / SMALL SHAR..... / ANSONIA CLOCK / none genuine without ' ( symbol) ' / factories at ANSONIA Conn. Brook / Salesroom .....19 Cliff Street ....../ansonia clock company, connecticut, america, phelps anson, terry theodore, andrews franklin, brighton, moorabbin, furniture, pioneers, clocks, market gardeners, early settlers, green carol, gowan frank -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing - Clothing, lady’s bodice, c1900
... skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families... of the women of the pioneer settlers families, in Moorabbin Shire c1900 ...This lady’s silk bodice is an example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families, in Moorabbin Shire c1900Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shire and this item shows the skill and craftsmanship of the women of these families. The Blackburn family were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire A lady’s silk bodice with pin-tucking and drawer-string waistclothing, brighton, moorabbin, dressmaking, market gardeners, early settlers, blackburn nance, craftwork -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing - Clothing, girl's dress, c1900
... of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families... of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin Shire c1900 ...This child’s cream silk dress is an example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin Shire c1900Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shire and this item shows the skill and craftsmanship of the women of these families. The Blackburn family were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire A child’s cream silk frockclothing, brighton, moorabbin, pioneers, dressmaking, market gardeners, early settlers, blackburn nance, craftwork -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing - Clothing, baby's gown, c1900
... of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families... of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin Shire c1900 ...This Child’s cream silk dress is an example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin Shire c1900 Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shire and this item shows the skill and craftsmanship of the women of these families. The Blackburn family were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire A baby's, long, muslin, day gownclothing, brighton, moorabbin, pioneers, dressmaking, market gardeners, early settlers, blackburn nance, craftwork -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing - Clothing, baby's bib, c1900
... skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin... of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin Shire c1900 ...This baby’s vest style bib is an example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin Shire c1900Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shire and this item shows the skill and craftsmanship of the women of these families The Peck family were early settlers in Moorabbin ShireA vest-style baby’s cotton bib with tiesclothing, brighton, moorabbin, pioneers, dressmaking, market gardeners, early settlers, craftwork, mr peck -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing - Clothing, baby's long cotton christening dress, c1900
... of the dressmaking and lacework skills of the women of the pioneer settlers... and lacework skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families ...This baby’s long cotton gown is an example of the dressmaking and lacework skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin Shire c1900Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shirec1900 and this item shows the skill and craftsmanship of the women of these families A baby's long, fine white cotton christening dress with short sleeves, lace bodice ,and lace inserts on front panel. Pin tucks and lace form the lower part of gown and the cuffs and neckline have lace edgingclothing, crochet, brighton, moorabbin, pioneers, dressmaking, market gardeners, early settlers, craftwork, lacework, moorabbin shire, bentleigh, mckinnon, hunt ailsa, dairy farms, fruit orchards -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing - Clothing, lady's underwear, c1900
... is and example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer... of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settler families ...This lady's white calico combination underwear is and example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settler families in Moorabbin Shire c1900The Blackburn family were early settlers in Moorabbin Shire. Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shire and this item shows the skill and craftsmanship of the women of these families Lady's, white, calico, combination underwear c1900clothing, brighton, moorabbin, pioneers, bentleigh, dressmaking, market gardeners, early settlers, blackburn nance, craftwork -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing - Clothing, child's pinafore, c1900
... of the dressmaking skills and craftsmanship of the women of the pioneer...Unrecorded pioneer family... and craftsmanship of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin ...This white, cotton child’s pinafore is an example of the dressmaking skills and craftsmanship of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin Shire c1900Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shire and this item shows the dressmaking skills and craftsmanship of the women of these familiesA white, cotton ,small child's pinafore with pin-tucking, feather stitch, lace and embroiderybrighton, moorabbin, pioneers, market gardeners, early settlers, craftwork, clothing dressmaking -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing - Clothing, lady’s nightgown, c1900
... of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families... of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families ...This lady’s long, white cotton nightdress is an example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin Shire c1900 Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shire and this item shows the skill and craftsmanship of the women of these familiesA long, white cotton, lady’s nightgown with pin-tucking clothing, moorabbin, ormond, bentleigh, dressmaking, market gardeners, early settlers, craftwork -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing - Clothing, baby's singlet and over-jacket, c1900
... of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families... skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin ...This baby’s lawn, singlet over-jacket is an example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin Shire c1900Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shire and this item shows the skill and craftsmanship of the women of these families The Peck family were early settlers in Moorabbin ShireA baby’s, white lawn, singlet over-jacketclothing, brighton, moorabbin, pioneers, dressmaking, market gardeners, early settlers, craftwork, mr peck -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing - Clothing, girl’s pinafore, c1900
... of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families... of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families ...This girl's white pinafore with inset lace is an example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin Shire c1900 Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shire and this item shows the skill and craftsmanship of the women of these families A girl’s white, cotton pinafore with inset lace clothing, brighton, moorabbin, pioneers, dressmaking, market gardeners, early settlers, craftwork -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Domestic object - Haberdashery, pillow-shams, c1900
... of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families... skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin ...This pair of white decorative pillow-shams is an example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin Shire c1900Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shire and this item shows the skill and craftsmanship of the women of these familiesA pair of white, decorative pillow-shams with beautiful embroidery and the initials A&G. Possibly made for a ‘Glory Box’A & G embroidered on centre of each piecebrighton, moorabbin, linen, pioneers, haberdashery, market gardeners, dressmakers, craft work -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing - Clothing, baby’s christening gown, c1900
... is an example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer... of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families ...This baby’s long, white cotton christening gown is an example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin Shire c1900Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shire and this item shows the skill and craftsmanship of the women of these families The Peck family were early settlers in Moorabbin ShireA baby’s long, white cotton, christening gown with pin-tucks and bodice tiesclothing, moorabbin, ormond, bentleigh, dressmaking, market gardeners, early settlers, craftwork, mr peck, christening service, rites, baptism -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Pot Large with Tap, Circa 1950
... This type of cast iron kettle was used by pioneer families... of cast iron kettle was used by pioneer families, mainly rural ...This type of cast iron kettle was used by pioneer families, mainly rural in the early 1900's upon open fires (log). It covered rural activities that needed a constant readily available source of boiling water, in or mainly outside the kitchen of homesteads. This kettle was used in the early to late 1900's for the refreshment of stock men and farmers that had irregular "tea" breaks under sometimes hard and gruelling conditions.This kettle belonged to and was used by a Kiewa Valley, pioneer family, the Roper Family. This kettle was moved from their Kiewa Valley property to their hut built on the Bogong High Plains. The Bogong High Plains area provided Kiewa Valley cattlemen a good supply of fodder to supplement their Kiewa Valley grazing areas. This "camp draft" activity , in the high plains, could take up to six weeks.This large cast iron modified camp pot (cauldron) has a long tap connection located at the bottom end. The "tap" is made from brass and has a simple elongated "bar" control swivel at the end to control the water flow. The tap suggests that only water was heated (to a constant boil) for the replenishment of cattlemen's, or other horse rider's, tea or coffee mugs. Refreshments at a "temporary" location on the Bogong High Plains. There was a "log" hut built by the Roper family as temporary accommodation for cattlemen and other family members.Ot the flat bottom "FIRST QUALITY 2 GALLONS"camp fire cooking utensils, hot plate, cast iron cooking appliance, drovers kitchen -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Clothing - Clothing, baby's jacket / cape, c1900
... is an example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer... of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families ...This baby's cream silk jacket / cape with lace trim is an example of the dressmaking skills of the women of the pioneer settlers families in Moorabbin Shire c1900Early settlers and market gardeners established their families in Moorabbin Shire and this item shows the skill and craftsmanship of the women of these familiesA baby’s cream, silk, jacket / cape with lace trimclothing, craftwork, brighton, moorabbin, pioneers, dressmaking, early settlers -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Clothing, Cream Rayon Nightdress
... , the descendant of one of the Kew pioneers. Her family gave its name..., the descendant of one of the Kew pioneers. Her family gave its name ...The nightdress was owned, worn and donated by Betty Adeney, the descendant of one of the Kew pioneers. Her family gave its name to Adeney Avenue.Cream coloured hand-made rayon (sic) nightdress featuring multi-coloured machine embroidery. The nightdress has smocking at the waist. women's clothing, nightwear, nightdress, betty adeney -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Photo Framed - Wedding
... This wedding photo is of local pioneer families, Cooper... This wedding photo is of local pioneer families, Cooper and Larkins ...This wedding photo is of local pioneer families, Cooper and Larkins. John Cooper Jnr. married Annie Emma Larkins. The exact date is unknown. This is not only important for the Cooper & Larkin families but for historical reference for the Tawonga area where these families lived. It shows that even though the Kiewa Valley was considered remote during this period the tradition of a big formal wedding was still held with fashionable weddings. This photo was included in a group of photos. This photo has historical significance as it depicts members of local pioneer families getting married. It also is representative of the style of wedding dresses of the period and the style of men's wedding attire. The photograph itself is also significant as is demonstrates the style and formality of wedding photos during this time. The picture frame is likewise the style of the period. However, this is in bad condition with bore holes in it. This photo has good interpretive value and is well provenanced. Black and white wedding photo of John Cooper Jnr. and Annie Emma Larkins. The centre of the frame has carved hearts 3 cm wide all the way around.Photographer "Mendelsfohn's and Co. Melbourne"mendelsfohn's & co.. photographer of melbourne. wedding. furniture. wooden frame. -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Photograph (Item) - Native Digital Image, Judd Family Grave, Boroondara General Cemetery, 2020, 31/03/2020
... Plot and headstone of the Kew pioneer Thomas Judd... of the Kew pioneer Thomas Judd and family in the Borondara General ...thomas judd, parkhill, 20 hillcrest avenue -
Orbost & District Historical Society
water fountain, Late 19th century
... This type of cast iron kettle was used by pioneer families... gippsland This type of cast iron kettle was used by pioneer families ...This type of cast iron kettle was used by pioneer families, mainly rural in the early 1900's upon open fires. It provided a source of boiling water, in or mainly outside the kitchen of homesteads. Early homes often had an open fire containing a fountain, buckets and kettles that hung from a hook in the fireplace. These containers supplied hot water for cooking, washing and cups of tea. The fountain was placed on hob until needed and then hung over fire.This water fountain would have been used by early settlers in Orbost before the connection of electricity.A large cast iron water fountain. It has a hook on the curved swinging handle and a tap at the front. This large cast iron camp pot or cauldron has a long tap connection located at the bottom end at the front. The tap has a simple control swivel at the end to control the water flow.On lid 1934.1 - 3 to 4 On base 1934.2 - A. Kenrick & Sons 4 Gallskettle cast-iron kenrick domestic kitchen -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Saucepan, circa mid to late 1900's
... by pioneer families, mainly rural folk, that needed a pan which could... deep pan (with a long handle) was used by pioneer families ...This large deep pan (with a long handle) was used by pioneer families, mainly rural folk, that needed a pan which could cope with an open fire heat source, in or mainly outside the homestead. This pan was used in the early to late 1900's for the "stews" and other meals required by hard working stock men and farmers that had irregular "lunch and dinner" breaks under sometimes hard and gruelling conditions. Hot plates were normally not in use.This "open fire" saucepan belonged, and was used by a Kiewa Valley, pioneer family, the Roper Family. This saucepan was moved from their Kiewa Valley property to their hut built on the Bogong High Plains. This saucepan was one of an array of "open fire" cooking utensils used in the "camp draft" grazing in the Bogong High Plains and this could take up to six weeks. This kettle belonged and was used by a Kiewa Valley, pioneer family, the Roper Family. This kettle was moved from their Kiewa Valley property to their hut built on the Bogong High Plains. A scientific study started in 1947 to study the impact of grazing cattle on the natural Alpine and sub Alpine vegetation found grazing cattle had an adverse affect on the natural Alpine and sub alpine vegetation, and grazing on the plains was stopped by the Victorian Government in 2005.This large (black, soot infused) cast iron saucepan has a "ten pint" holding capacity and was used on the "open fire", possible on the fire direct. It has a long all metal handle coming from the top half of the pot and angled at approximately sixty degrees upwards. This angle insures that both distance from flame intensity and least bending of knees when lifting is at a minimum.On bottom of pan (underside) "N0. 8 JSJ SIDDONS" on the other side "WEST BROMWICH 5 QUARTS"camp fire cooking utensils, hot plate, cast iron cooking appliance, drovers kitchen -
Mont De Lancey
Domestic object - Saucepans, C.Clark & Co, 1900's
... by pioneer families, mainly rural folk, that needed a pan which could... by pioneer families, mainly rural folk, that needed a pan which could ...This large deep pan (with a long handle) was used by pioneer families, mainly rural folk, that needed a pan which could cope with an open fire heat source, in or mainly outside the homestead. This pan was used in the early to late 1900's for the stews and other meals required by hard working stockmen and farmers that had irregular lunch and dinner or tea breaks under sometimes hard and gruelling conditions. Hot plates were normally not in use.Two vintage black sooted heavy cast iron cooking pots or saucepans with rounded sides and long straight fluted handles angled at approximately sixty degrees upwards. This angle ensured that both distance from flame intensity and least bending of knees when lifting is at a minimum. It was used on the open fire or on a wood fired stove, possible on the fire direct.'6 pints' has indecipherable inscription. On the back of the '4' pints one - 'C. Clark & Co. R 455279 - Best Quality'cooking equipment, cooking pots, cooking, saucepans, pots, kitchen equipment -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Photograph of Kiewa Valley Pioneer Family, Three Generations of Kiewa Valley Pioneer Family (Coopers), late 1900s'
... Photograph of Kiewa Valley Pioneer Family...Three Generations of Kiewa Valley Pioneer Family (Coopers)...pioneer family kiewa valley... of the Cooper Family, a pioneer family, still residing in the Kiewa... Family, a pioneer family, still residing in the Kiewa Valley ...This historical family photograph spans three generations of the Cooper Family, a pioneer family, still residing in the Kiewa Valley. The large axe held by Pat was a handy tool for pioneer families to chop down trees for land clearing, building sheds and fences, outhouses and fire wood. This photograph was taken during a time where both male and females did some heavy lifting and processing. The rural sector at this point in time was physically a hard location for both sexes. The segregation of the sexes into specific job categories was some times non existent although household "chores" was in the main a woman's domain. The rural sector was in this point of time one which women were highly respected and the unwritten law of providing "assistance" and "reverence" by men in such actions as, socially opening doors, tipping the cap, offering a sturdy arm for support and refraining from doing or saying anything "uncouth" in a woman's presence. It was in a time when women's liberation was just starting to grow strength. Rural areas, on the hole, took longer to interfuse "city" hatched norms of behaviour. This photograph of a pioneer family still residing in the Kiewa Valley demonstrates not only the close protective environment that the valley has on all its inhabitants but also the close bonding that neighbors have towards each other. The term "God's gifted country" fits warmly with all the settlements in the valley. The relatively isolated (physically, visually and communications wise) has since post World War II been whittled away by faster and vastly improved communications with "the outside" world. The strength of commitment to the rural life can be seen in the faces of the family members in this photograph. The proud heritage is displayed without any external pressure. This large black and white family photograph is a reproduction on Fujicolor Crystal Archive Paper manufactured by Fujifilm. It is 200gsm matt finished paper with no borders. On the reverse side, written in pencil "Ted Cooper sitting aged 24-25, Pat Amery (Ted's youngest sister) holding Ted's eldest son Doug and Ted's father John Franklin Cooper(22-8-1892)"john cooper, ted cooper, pat amery, doug cooper, pioneer family kiewa valley