The artefact is the lower portion of a rectangular shanked ‘planking nail’ with a straight-edged ‘flat point’. The distinctive ‘point’ of a planking/skirting nail was designed to be driven into timber across the grain in order to prevent the wood from splitting. This relic is from the shipwreck of the SCHOMBERG, which ran aground near Peterborough in 1855. It was retrieved in 1875 from a large section of the ship’s bow which had been carried by ocean currents to the western coast of New Zealand’s South Island. The nail is still fixed in a fragment of the original timber that it secured in the SCHOMBERG. The top portion, or ‘head’ of the nail, has corroded away but the pronounced rectangular shank and its flat point indicate its likely purpose and position on the vessel. Most fastenings used in sailing ship construction were either wooden treenails or copper bolts, which were relatively resistant to seawater corrosion. In addition, the preferred hull-frame timber of British Oak has a high content of gallic acid which rapidly corrodes unprotected iron work. The ferrous composition of this planking nail suggests it came from an internal and upper portion of the ship’s bow (protected from exposure to the sea or oak). According to an 1855 edition of the Aberdeen Journal, the five outer layers, or ‘skins’, of the SCHOMBERG’s pine hull were “combined by means of patent screw treenails”. However the “beams of her two upper decks” were of “malleable iron”, and “part of the forecastle” was “fitted for the accommodation of the crew”. It is therefore possible that iron nails of this description were used by the ship’s builders to secure floor and wall planks in enclosed areas of the crew’s quarters. (The same reasoning would apply to officer and passenger accommodation amidships and at the stern of the vessel, but it was the bow that floated to New.Zealand.) The SCHOMBERG was a 2,000 ton clipper ship, specifically designed for the Australian immigration trade (back-loading wool for Britain’s mills), and constructed in Hall’s shipyard in Aberdeen, Scotland. She was owned by the Black Ball Line and launched in 1855. Alexander Hall & Son were renowned builders of sleek and fast 1,000 ton clippers for the China trade (opium in, tea out) and were keen to show they could also outclass the big North American ships built by Donald Mackay. Consequently the SCHOMBERG was ‘overbuilt’. Her hull featured five ‘skins’ of Scotch Larch and Pitch Pine overlaying each other in a diagonal pattern against a stout frame of British Oak. Oak has been favoured by builders of wooden ships for centuries. Its close, dense grain made it harder to work, but also gave it great strength and durability. In addition, the lateral spread of its branches supplied a natural curvature for the ribs of a vessel’s hull, as well as providing the small corner or curved pieces (‘knees’ and ‘elbows’) that fit them together. At the launch the SCHOMBERG’s 34 year old master, Captain ‘Bully’ Forbes, had promised Melbourne in 60 days, "with or without the help of God." James Nicol Forbes was born in Aberdeen in 1821 and rose to fame with his record-breaking voyages on the famous Black Ball Line ships; MARCO POLO and LIGHTNING. In 1852 in the MARCO POLO he made the record passage from London to Melbourne in 68 days. There were 53 deaths on the voyage but the great news was of the record passage by the master. In 1954 Captain Forbes took the clipper LIGHTNING to Melbourne in 76 days and back in 63 days, this was never beaten by a sailing ship. He often drove his crew and ship to breaking point to beat his own records. He cared little for the comfort of the passengers. On this, the SCHOMBERG’s maiden voyage, he was going to break records. SCHOMBERG departed Liverpool on her maiden voyage on 6 October 1855 flying the sign “Sixty Days to Melbourne”. She departed with 430 passengers and 3000 tons cargo including iron rails and equipment intended to build the Melbourne to Geelong Railway and a bridge over the Yarra from Melbourne to Hawthorn. She also carried a cow for fresh milk, pens for fowls and pigs, 90,000 gallons of water for washing and drinking. It also carried 17,000 letters and 31,800 newspapers. The ship and cargo was insured for $300,000, a fortune for the time. The winds were poor as she sailed across the equator, slowing SCHOMBERG’s journey considerably. Land was first sighted on Christmas Day, at Cape Bridgewater near Portland, and Captain Forbes followed the coastline towards Melbourne. Forbes was said to be playing cards when called by the Third Mate Henry Keen, who reported land about 3 miles off, Due in large part to the captain's regarding a card game as more important than his ship, it eventually ran aground on a sand spit near Curdie's Inlet (about 56 km west of Cape Otway) on 26 December 1855, 78 days after leaving Liverpool. The sand spit and the currents were not marked on Forbes’s map. Overnight, the crew launched a lifeboat to find a safe place to land the ship’s passengers. The scouting party returned to SCHOMBERG and advised Forbes that it was best to wait until morning because the rough seas could easily overturn the small lifeboats. The ship’s Chief Officer spotted SS QUEEN at dawn and signalled the steamer. The master of the SS QUEEN approached the stranded vessel and all of SCHOMBERG’s passengers and crew were able to disembark safely. The SCHOMBERG was lost and with her, Forbes’ reputation. The Black Ball Line’s Melbourne agent sent a steamer to retrieve the passengers’ baggage from the SCHOMBERG. Other steamers helped unload her cargo until the weather changed and prevented the salvage teams from accessing the ship. Later one plunderer found a case of Wellington boots, but alas, all were for the left foot! Local merchants Manifold & Bostock bought the wreck and cargo, but did not attempt to salvage the cargo still on board the ship. They eventually sold it on to a Melbourne businessman and two seafarers. In 1864 after two of the men drowned when they tried to reach SCHOMBERG, salvage efforts were abandoned. Parts of the SCHOMBERG were washed ashore on the south island of New Zealand in 1870, nearly 15 years after the wreck. The wreck now lies in 825 metres of water. Although the woodwork is mostly disintegrated the shape of the ship can still be seen due to the remaining railway irons, girders and the ship’s frame. A variety of goods and materials can be seen scattered about nearby. Flagstaff Hill holds many items salvaged from the SCHOMBERG including a ciborium (in which a diamond ring was concealed), communion set, ship fittings and equipment, personal effects, a lithograph, tickets and photograph from the SCHOMBERG. One of the SCHOMBERG bells is in the Warrnambool Library. This nail is a registered artefact from the wreck of the SCHOMBERG, Artefact Reg No S/35 and is significant because of its association with the SCHOMBERG. The SCHOMBERG collection as a whole is of historical and archaeological significance at a State level, listed on the Victorian Heritage Register VHR S612. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from the SCHOMBERG is significant for its association with the Victorian Heritage Registered shipwreck. The collection is primarily significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the SCHOMBERG. The SCHOMBERG collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of an international passenger ship. The shipwreck collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the shipwreck and the ship, which was designed to be fastest and most luxurious of its day. The SCHOMBERG collection meets the following criteria for assessment: Criterion A: Importance to the course, or pattern, of Victoria’s cultural history. Criterion B: Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of Victoria’s cultural history. Criterion C: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Victoria’s cultural history. The object is the bottom end of a slightly curved iron planking nail with remnant of timber still attached, recovered from the wreck of the SCHOMBERG (1855). The shank of the nail is rectangular and it narrows to a flat (chisel like) ‘point’. The ‘head’ is missing although there is a quantity of dark red corrosion within the top of the surrounding wood, suggesting where it might have been. The artefact is from the wreck of the SCHOMBERG (1855) and was retrieved from part of the ship’s bow which was carried by sea currents to the South Island of New Zealand. flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, schomberg, planking nail, rectangular ship’s nail, cast iron nail

Black and white photograph. Portrait of seated cleric (Bishop Langley). Photo of painting? Or photo of renovation (creases)? Inscriptions: Reverse - handwritten 'Rt Rev. Henry Archdall Langley, First Bishop of Bendigo, 1902 - 1906. History of object: James Lerk 'First Anglican Bishop of the Bendigo Diocese, The Right Reverend Henry Archdall Langley 1902-1906. The name 'Langley Hall' is familiar to all those who travel to White Hills and beyond'. Photographed for Bendigo Advertiser 11.1.2001person, individual, bishop langley

Sepia photograph of Conservatory Building and Gardens with statues, Pall Mall Bendigo. Written on back in pencil 'Conservatory Pall Mall Bendigo'. Inscriptions: on front, below image printed 'Conservatory, Bendigo'. History of object : James Lerk, 2000 'Conservatory gardens, Pall Mall. Venus in the foreground has now been moved to the northern end of the Conservatory building. The cast iron frame of the Conservatory was cast at Brown's Foundry. The building was opened in 1898. Photo c.1910' Photograph Bendigo Advertiser 11.1.2001.buildings, conservatory

Black and white photograph of shops with verandah. One adult female looking in shop windows. Bicycle leaning against verandah post.. In image: 'Tivey Bros, RG Nixon Proprietor', 'Bushells', 'Lan-Choo Tea'. On back: 'MP 283, copy 1', '2 copies', '95', Circular stamp 'Royal Historical Society of Victoria, Bendigo Branch'. History of object: Previous Acc. No 'MP 283', James Lerk 10.3.2000 'Inglewood. Constance (Con) Doney on footpath. Photograph by Alan Doney'.Alan Doneyplace, streetscape, inglewood, see also 2000.555.01

Black and white photograph taken from SW. horse drawn conveyance lwr R foreground. Two couples standing along fenceline. Trees - small protected by guards. On back: stamped in circle 'Royal Historical Society of Victoria, Bendigo Branch'. In black ink -'MP 259'. Marks in grey lead across one diagonal and one long perimeter. History of object: Previous Acc. No. 'MP 259'. Ian Wild, June 2000 'Bendigo Post Office and Court House'.buildings, government, bendigo post office

Black and white photograph. Town hall, old Bendigo market bottom right. Taken from Hargeaves St (West side) between Bull St and Mundy St. Inscriptions: on back - TR corner 'MP 258' (blue circular stamp), 'Royal Historical Society of Victoria, Bendigo Branch'. Typed adhesive label - 'Bendigo Historical Society Inc'. P No. 70 taken Hargreaves St. (Ian Wild, June 2000). History of object: previous Acc. No. 'MP 258'.cottage, miners

Black and white photograph showing lake by 'Fortuna'. The mansion owned by Ballestredt and later, Lansell families. View shows willowed margins and wind-driven construction on lake surface. Inscriptions: Top RH corner face of mount. MP 213. Stamped in circle on back: 'Historical Society of Victoria, Bendigo Branch'. Top RH corner on back 'MP 213' printed in clack ink. Written in blue ink 'Main Lake at Fortuna'. History of object: Previous Acc. No. 'MP 213'.cottage, miners

Black and white photograph. Six young males mounted on horses and ponies. Dressed in costumes. On pathway in park (Rosalind Park?). People in background. Inscriptions: On back 'MP 183', Circular purple stamp 'Royal Historical Society of Victoria, Bendigo Branch', '1960', '218', '269'. Also on back: 'copyright Bendigo Advertiser', 'Bendigo Photographic Service, for re-order quote CD 269'. History of object: Previous Acc. No. 'MP 183'. James Lerk 'Bendigo Centenary?'Bendigo Advertiserperson, group, centenary, see also: 2000.511.01, 2000.512.01, 2000.513.01, 2000.515.01, 2000.516.01, 2000.517.01, 2000.518.01, 2000.519.01, 2000520.01, 2000.521.01, 2000.522.01, 2000.523.01, 2000.524.01

Sepia toned photo on fawn board. 2 small girls, one standing, the other seated on coach type chair. Large Sailor collar, white cuffs on one frock, large buttons on front, lace collar and smocking on the other, lace up boots. Plant stand with arrangement in background, tapestry screen top right, curtain folds on the left. One Girl holding open book, the other a 'whip' type object. Inscription: Below image 'G.L.Massingham View St, Bendigo'.G.L.Massingham View St Bendigoperson, family, 2 girls portrait

Journal of the Tramway Museum Society of Victoria Ltd. Volume 8, No. 2, April 1971, 35 cents. Sixteen pages. Cover photo (right) show D class no. 99 sits at the side of the road at Inglewood. On back cover (left), show A class no. 121 sitting in front on an E car and D car at the siding in 1958. Article in this journal wrote about electric trams transport in Perth, include planning routes map. History of object: Part of 'Basil Miller Tramways Collection'cottage, miners

Object. Masonic Jewel - Presented by Lodge No. 52 Zenith Lodge Past Masters jewel 1949 1950. Jewel consists of a mason's square, suspended from a sky blue ribbon with stylized acanthus scrollwork top and bottom. Housed in a black rectangular box with hinged lid & small brass clasp & lined with grey velvet & cream silk. Engraved on back Presented to Wor. Bro. F. G. Jones. P. M. 1949 1950 by Zenith Lodge No 52, Bendigo.societies, freemasons, regalia, f. g. jones collection, masonic jewel, zenith lodge no. 52 bendigo

Unsigned or dated Legal Document intended to be signed by the Directors of W.D. Mason P/L , W.D.Mason Collection, Objections to Urban Renewal Authority in the Matter of premises occupied by W D Mason P/L.The document is addressed to Urban Renewal Authority 150 Queen St Melbourne .In the matter the Urban Renewal Act 1970 re the premises in Queen St and Littleton Terraced by W.D.Mason P/L -The Directors were objecting to the detrimental effects to the company of the Urban Renewal proposal.business, retail, w d mason

Object, Scottish Country Dancing on the Goldfields, A recent family history by Rae Anderson of Bendigo contains reference to early Scottish dancing at Ironbark School on Rae's Hill near Bendigo.'Colonial Travels' by David Kennedy, published in London in 1876. The Ironbark School opened on 1st. June 1861, passed to the Victorian Government in 1875, and closed in 1928.The schoolmaster was John Rae who emigrated from Aberdeen on 3rd.November 1851, arriving at Melbourne on the ship ''Cuthberts'' on 10th. February 1852David Moorheadbendigo, education, ironbark school

Object. A 4.5 cm long suspended from a brass curved and decorated clasp at the top, to which is attached at the back, a 6.5 cm long pin , to attach to the wearers garment. This shaped brass clasp is repeated at the lower edge of the ribbon. Two Lodge symbols attached to the centre of the ribbon in a Xshape. Suspended from the lower brass clasp, which is scroll shape, is a brass fitting, from which hangs a perspex four sided shape, with lodge symbols printed on each side.organisation, masonic lodge, brass, perspex and ribbon lapel badge

Object. An elaborate item, with a light blue grosgrain ribbon background. An arched and a straight bar at the top state CORONA LODGE. A crown with fanned background, under which is a plinth and a clasp stating No 195 V.C. Below this is an inverted ^shape, highly engraved with a Greek eternity pattern, and decorative scrolling. From this shape hangs a rectangular shape 2 cms x 1.7 cms, which has a fine decorative edge, and a central motif. The underside of the ^shape is engraved as above.Front: CORONA LODGE No195 V.C. Back: Presented to Wor.Bro.W.R.WRIGHT I.P.M. by the BENDIGO CORONA LODGE No 195 V.C. 25.8.20?1organisation, masonic lodge, corona lodge medallion

Object. eight ribbed parasol. Black silk satin, and black cotton lace in a floral design. Eight peaks around the perimeter of the umbrella, attached to the double layer of fabric in the main body of the umbrella-an outer layer of silk, satin, and an inner layer of cotton. This lining is hand stitched. Frame, including handle of lacquered wood. Handle is graciously curved and carved like a feather. Top is finished with lace and a decorative satin ribbon-(5cms wide) bow with five loops, and nine cm tails.costume accessories, female, victorian black silk and lace umbrella

Object. Six paper covered wooden blocks. Childrens toy, not a complete set.(meant to be 12). Six different pictures can be made by changing the blocks around. Also one picture of one puzzle depicting two children in a garden scene near a pond. Picture appears to have been pasted onto the back cardboard of a notepad. On the back of picture - Joyce, Joyce Brown is no good, Chop her up for firewood, If she is no good for that, Give her to Mick Bennett.toys, general, blocks, wooden blocks paper covered

Object: Enclosed in envelope: Death brooch of Elizabeth Lansell. Rectangular brooch, black enamel engraved with gold scroll work. Brooch has lock of hair enclosed in clear rectangle in centre of brooch. Engraved on back : E. Lansell, died Feb. 26th. Aged 88 yrs. Written on front of envelope in pen: Born Elizabeth Rammell 1769 Married William L. Elizabeth Lansell's death brooch she was our great, great, great, great, grandmother.E. Lansell, died Feb 26th. Aged 88 yrs.personal effects, fortuna, family history, bendigo, fortuna, lansell, elizabeth lansell

Object. Light Infantry Hat Badge, dark metal Bugle horn Badge with looped tassels above it, symbolizing the Rose of York. The badge is mounted on a brass disc (dia.4cm). Three lugs on the badge with two holding pins. The bugle horn badge was first introduced by the Germans in the 1700's. From the 1700's each British Foot Regiment had Light Companies (more mobile and loosely organized). These became Regiments in their own right, which were then called Light Infantry.numismatics, badges - military, light infantry hat badge

A haemacytometer is an instrument used to count blood cells. It is commonly applied to a combination of counting chambers with cover glasses and has pipettes for red and white blood cells. This haemacytometer was manufactured by Ernst Leitz's factory in Metzlar, Germany. This company grew to be come what is now Leica. Haemacytometer in brown leatherette case. Consists of two glass pipettes with attached red rubber tubing, a glass microscope slide, and three small plastic square slide accessories. The base of the case is cut out and lined with felt to accommodate the parts of the object. Top of the case is inlaid with gold coloured text which reads 'Haemacytometer/Breuer/E.Leitz/Wetzlar'. Glass slide is engraved with the text 'E.Leitz/Wetzlar' and scale measurements. Glass pipettes are printed with the text 'E. LEITZ, WETZLAR'.pathology

Has a strong association with the tours to mark the closure of the Bendigo Tramway system and Graeme Breydon.Edmondson pasteboard railway ticket, No. 0085, dated 12 Feb. 1972, for use on an ARHS tour to Farewell Bendigo prior to the closure of the system. Ticket base is pink with a thick purple stripe, which is printed in landscape format. Ticket number in reverse. Adult - Economy, available on the day of travel only and on the special train. On the rear of the ticket is the reserved seat and carriage number. Ticket used by Graeme Breydon on the day of the tour. See History of the Object for further details. Two copies held. trams, tramways, arhs, tmsv, tickets, closure

Yields information about the plaque that was fitted to tram 27 when it completed 1,000,000 miles.Letter and associated envelope - copy of correspondence between Mrs R. L. Butler and M. Calnin President of the BTPS regarding the original plaque that belonged to No. 27 - (the Million Mile plaque) on behalf of the late Adam Balloch and family. Backgrounds the history of the object. Has a note typed on the bottom of the foolscap paper re subsequent events and on the rear of the letter regarding its size. Envelope has a note typed on the front about the correspondence contents. See Reg item 64278 for the following correspondence.trams, tramways, letters, million miles, plaques, btps

Demonstrates the use of the trams in the city area of Ballarat, late 1950's and their use.Black and white photograph of Ballarat 27, loading passengers at the intersection of Sturt and Lydiard St, City, late in a summer evening. Tram has the destination of Gardens via Sturt St West and an auxiliary board, but it cant be read. A number of passengers are boarding. Has the Commonwealth Bank building in the background, and the tram stop signs on the pole in front of the photo. Photographer unknown - see history of object. See Keith Kings, The Bendigo Tramways, re the fitting of reflective tape in 1956, page 59.In the rear in pencil - "Ballarat"trams, tramways, city, sturt st, lydiard st, tram 27

Demonstrates the use of the trams in the city area of Ballarat, late 1950's and their use.Black and white photograph of Ballarat 19, loading passengers at the intersection of Sturt and Lydiard St, City, late in a summer evening. Tram has the destination of Gardens via Sturt St West and an auxiliary board, but it cant be read. Many passengers are boarding. Has the Commonwealth Bank building in the background, and the tram stop signs on the pole in front of the photo. Photographer unknown - see history of object. See Keith Kings, The Bendigo Tramways, re the fitting of reflective tape in 1956, page 59.In the rear in pencil - "Ballarat"trams, tramways, city, sturt st, lydiard st, tram 19

Two-part object. (1) A Dura-Fiber XT tennis racquet, featuring black frame with open throat, hand grip wrapped in leather. Plastic butt cap printed with manufacturer's name. Manufacturer and model name also along shaft. (2) Brown & black vinyl head cover with zip. Printed with manufacturer and model name and words: 'TOTAL FIBREGLASS/MADE IN USA'. Materials: Wood, Metal, Fibreglass, Leather, Adhesive tape, Vinyl, Plastic, Inktennis

Two-part object. (1) A Fischer 'Powerwood' model tennis racquet, with teardrop shaped head, cloth whipping on shoulders, handle wrapped in perforated leather, and a plastic butt cap impressed with manufacturer logo. Modela name on base of head; manufacturer name and logo along shaft. (2) Brown vinyl racquet head cover printed with manufacturer logo and name in silver. Materials: Wood, Vinyl, Adhesive tape, Cloth tape, Leather, Ink, Plastic, Paint, Metaltennis

Two-part object. (1) A Donnay 'Agassi 5000' tennis racquet with open throat, plastic butt cap and handle wrapped with synthetic grip tape. Manufacturer's name printed on strings and on side edge of throat. model name printed on crown Endorser's signature as decal on shoulder. (2) 3/4 length silver vinyl racquet cover with zip and printed with endorser signature in purple and adhesive label stating: 'SAINT ROCH COUVIN'. Materials: Adhesive tape, Ink, Vinyl, Plastictennis

A two-piece object, comprising of: an unstrung Lobster 'Lobster Graphite' tennis racquet, with a split shaft, strengthened by a narrow bridge across the middle (1); and, a vinyl cover (2). Lobster emblem comprising of a crayfish serving a tennis ball features at the base of the racquet shaft. Lobster emblem and logo feature on a sticker adhered to butt cap, and also across both faces of the cover. Materials: Graphite, Leather, Plastic, Paper, Ink, Adhesive tape, Metal, Vinyl, Ink, Metaltennis