Showing 3641 items
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Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING REPORTS - FREDERICK THE GREAT (SEBASTIAN)
... DOCUMENT Gold mining reports Mining Reports Frederick The Great ...Handwritten note on a small piece of paper. Frederick The Great (Sebastian) crushed 255,207 tons for 102,208 ozs. Av. 8.01 dwts per ton. Ref. M Dept 1865 - 1912.document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, frederick the great (sebastian), m dept -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING REPORTS - THE VIRGINIA MINE, A NEW EXIT
... DOCUMENT Gold mining reports Mining Reports The Virginia Mine A New ...Handwritten notes on a new exit for the underground workers at the Virginia Mine. When the underground men leave the shaft after their shift, they will walk about 10 feet into a tunnel and then come up through the floor of the changing house by way of a broad staircase. Management claimed they would be protected in cold weather from the sudden change in temperature.document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, the virginia mine a new exit, bendigo advertiser feb 5th 1908 page 2, mr j hooper -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING REPORTS - LANSELL'S BIG 180
... DOCUMENT Gold mining reports Mining Reports Lansell's Big 180 John ...Partial page of handwritten notes on Lansell's Big 180 Mine on the New Chum Line. Notes give detailed location of the shaft, when it was formed and last production in 1916. Also some notes on the poppet legs.document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, lansell's big 180, john brown knitwear factory, caleb thomas -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING REPORTS - REPORT ON COUNTER-BALANCE BY INSPECTOR GRAINGER
... DOCUMENT Gold mining reports Mining Reports Report on Counter ...Copy of a printed report taken from Inspector Grainger's Report in which a chain of three different sizes acts as a counter balance when the cages are being raised and lowered. This counter-balance was at Mr. George Lansell's No. 180 Mine, Sandhurst. Mr. Lansell claims it as his own.document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, report on counter-balance by inspector grainger, mr george lansell, no 180 mine, mines report 1887, inspector grainger's report pages 40 & 41, annual report sec for mines 1887 p 40 & 41 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING REPORTS - VARIOUS NOTES
... DOCUMENT Gold mining reports Mining Reports Various Notes 'Bendigo ...Handwritten notes and references. Mentioned are 'Bendigo Mac' Lachlan McLachlan, Criterion Hotel, Quartz Outcrops, Small Shafts, Mining Accidents, Mines Regulations Act 1/1/1874, Engine Drivers, Dust, and Big engines in deep mines.document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, various notes, 'bendigo mac' lachlan mclachlan, criterion hotel, licence fee, cave & amos, hustler, lazarus, theodore ballerstedt, geo lansell, wittscheibe, gt. comet, mining accidents, mines regulations acts 1/1/1874, regulations bill, ladders, engine drivers, advertiser 1873, angus mackay, dust, dr summon's report 1906, regulations 1908, new chum railway, victoria quartz, ext'd hustlers, central deborah -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING REPORTS - FAMOUS GOLD MINES OF BENDIGO AND EAGLEHAWK
... MINING REPORTS - FAMOUS GOLD MINES OF BENDIGO AND EAGLEHAWK... DOCUMENT Gold mining reports Mining Reports Famous Gold Mines ...Handwritten notes titled Famous Gold Mines of Bendigo and Eaglehawk. Notes include gold yields, deep shafts in 1904 and 1911, shafts of more than 4,000 feet, shafts between 3.020 and 3,682 feet and the reef line they were on, wages for different mine workers and a reference to winding engines and air compressors.document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, famous gold mines of bendigo and eaglehawk, the victoria quartz, new chum railway, miners wages -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING REPORTS - LEADING AND PROMINENT MINES
... DOCUMENT Gold mining reports Mining Reports Leading and Prominent ...Handwritten notes with the first page relating to typing of the notes. Next three pages relate to leading and prominence of mines - the United Devonshire, formed 1873; the Victoria (Reef) Quartz formed 1878, start 1870 as Victoria Reef; and the Hercules & Energetic.document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, leading and prominent mines, miss parry, carlisle united, fortuna hustlers, gt extended hustlers, mines dep't, central blue, lady barkly, new argus, new moon, new blue consolidated, south new moon, mr e jackman, united devonshire, victoria (reef) quartz, victoria reef, annals, mr wood, hercules & energetic, hercules, b a g -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING REPORTS - SEC. FOR MINES REPORTS
... DOCUMENT Gold mining reports Mining Reports Sec for Mines Reports ...Handwritten notes regarding machinery, poppet legs and plant for the years 1884 to 1901.document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, sec for mines reports, st mungo battery plant, lansell's 222, lansell's 180 no 2 (little 180), new chum consolidated, garden gully united, great southern ext'd, great northern -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING REPORTS - EXTRACT FROM THE REGULATIONS, APPLICATION FOR A MINING LEASE
... DOCUMENT Gold mining reports Mining Reports Extract from ...Printed Extract from the Regulations in Connexion with an Application for a Mining Lease, a Water Right Licence, or a Licence to Treat Tailings. Also included is a pink Application for Lease and three yellow Notice of Application for a Mining Lease. Printed by A. C. Brooks, Government Printer, Melbourne and the front page, E. Condon, Secretary for Mines.document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, extract from the regulations, application for a mining licence, e condon, a c brooks government printer melbourne -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING REPORTS - THE WESTERN MINING GROUP
... DOCUMENT Gold mining reports Mining Reports The Western Minng Group ...Typed notes on The Western Mining Group. Includes introduction, the History of W. M. C., WMC Today, WMC and Gold and a list of shareholders with a direct interest in Western Mining Corporation Holdings Limited. It includes a paragraph on the possibility of mining Bendigo again.document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, the western minng group, anz nominees limited, national nominees limited, australian mutual provident society, bank of new south wales nominees p l, ctb nominees limited, w s robinson, gold mines of australia limited, western mining corporation limited, gold exploration and finance company of australia limited, gold mines of kalgoorlie limited, phoenix mine (norseman), mararoa mine (norseman), dr hugh mckinstry, central norseman gold corporation n l, g lindesay clark, alcoa of australia limited, three springs talc pty ltd, geraldton operations joint venture, kambalda nickel operations, kwinana nickel refinery, kalgorlie nickel smelter, windarra nickel project, great boulder mines limited, hill 50 gold mine n l, b h south limited, queensland phosphate limited, vatakoula joint venture, emperor gold mines limited (fiji), westminer investments pty ltd, western mining corporation holdings limited, australian stock exchanges, london stock exchange, great boulder holdings, mt magnet, olympic dam project, kingston lignite project, yeelirrie uranium joint venture, fimiston mines, lancefield mine, kambalda (old red hill gold mine), emu goldfield, stawell mines, underground exploration of bendigo, hi-fert pty ltd, homestake god ltd, urangesellschaft australia pty lrd, bp australia limited -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING REPORTS - REGISTER OF CLAIMS & SHARES IN E'HAWK & KANG FLAT
... DOCUMENT Gold mining reports Mining Reports Register of Claims ...Handwritten list of a Register of Claims & Shares in Eaglehawk and Kangaroo Flat commencing 1/3/1863. Listed is the page number, name of mine, number of yards, owners name and transfer date. Page 2 mentions the new St. Mungo Mine, its dividends, calls and yield.document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, register of claims & shares in e'hawk & kang flat, collman & tacchi's claim, morris collmann, john tacchi, colmann collmann, luffsman & co, endeavour, wittscheibe, lady barkley co, st mungo, gov barkley, wearne's claim, st mungo reef, williams, freemantle, samson wearne, princess alice, carshalton reef, ryal dane, waterloo, midway, ballerstedt, passby (pass by co), j cooper, victoria reef, william rae, phoenix, princess alice claim, devonshire reef, young's claim, princess alexandra amalg'd, north victoria reef, la belle, nth dev. reef, todd & co north, new st mungo, 3 m d a r 1910 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING REPORTS - FOURTH COMPARTMENT INTRODUCED
... DOCUMENT Gold mining reports Mining Reports Fourth Compartment ...Handwritten list of mines in Bendigo and Eaglehawk with the depth when the fourth compartment was introduced. Number of Shafts with fourth Compartment. Total at end of year 1908, 22, total at end of year 1909 - 42 - or an increase of 20 for the year. This is approximately 40% of all the working shafts on the year.document, gold, mining reports, mining reports, fourth compartment introduced, mines report 1909 page 117, hustlers reef no 1 park shaft, new chum goldfields, goldfields south, north, central nell gwynne, nell gwynne, goldfields consolidated, goldfields north, new bendigo goldfields propy, nell gwynne bdgo g'fields propy, goldfields extended, south concord, lansell's concord, south red white & blue, north red white & blue, victoria quartz, victoria consols, lazarus, new chum & victoria, carlisle, cornish united, united ulster, south concord, new chum railway, red, white & blue ext'd, new golden fleece, north new moon, new moon, south moon, clarence united, new argus, specimen hill, williams united, golden age (shellback shaft), johnsons no 2, confidence ext'd, callman & tachhi, needle shaft, catherine reef ext'd, bruhn's consolidated, new argus, new prince of wales -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - MINING REPORTS - MINES DEPARTMENT CAN WE HELP YOU?
Small, 40 page paper booklet issued by E. Condon, Secretary of Mines, under the authority of The Hon. J. C. M. Balfour, MLA, Minister of Mines. The booklet was printed Melbourne, Victoria 1969. Topics include: Assistance to Mining, Commencing Mining Operations, Concessions to Mining Industry, Miners Rights and Claims, Mining Leases and Licences, Examination Boards, Gold Buying and Selling, Air Conditions in Mines, Cyanide Plant, State Crushing Batteries, Extractive Industries, Petroleum (On Land), Petroleum (Offshore), Pipelines, Explosives, Inflammable Liquids, Gas Meter Examination and Liquified Pertoleum Gas.book, mining reports, mines department can we help you?, e condon, the hon j c m balfour, geological survey of victoria, mines department laboratories, explosives and gas examining branch, minister for mines, depot & core laboratory -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING ACCIDENTS - PREVENTION OF MINING ACCIDENTS
... DOCUMENT Gold mining accidents Mining Accidents Prevention ...Handwritten extracts from the Bendigo Advertiser Tuesday June 3rd 1872. Extract mentions we trust the Gov't is not so absorbed in the details of the new Electoral Bill and other measures which have been introduced as to forget their promise tobring forward a Bill for the Regulation of Mines and the prevention of Mining Accidents. The owners being indifferent, incapable, powerless and the miners so reckless, steps need to be taken to compel them to take the necessary precautions.document, gold, mining accidents, mining accidents, prevention of mining accidents, bendigo advertiser 3/6/1872, regulation of mines -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING ACCIDENTS - BOILER EXPLOSION AT LANSELL & MUELLERS COMET MINE
... DOCUMENT Gold mining accidents Mining Accidents Boiler Explosion ...Handwritten extracts on a boiler explosion at Lansell & Muellers Comet Mine. 'Everything had been alright and there was plenty of water in the glass. When the boiler exploded it damaged a small part of the engine-house and tore the flue from end to end. The cause of the explosion could not be found, although it had stood the tests.'document, gold, mining accidents, mining accidents, boiler explosion at lansell & muellers comet mine, mining statistics, mines report 1884 page 43 & 44, william benson, james hall -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING ACCIDENTS - SHOCKING ACCIDENT AT WILSON'S REEF
... DOCUMENT Gold mining accidents Mining Accidents Shocking Accident ...Handwritten extract from the Bendigo Advertiser dated Friday 6th Feb. 1874 Page 2 when Thomas Bromley, engine driver at Wilson's Reef Coy, Marong was killed when he got caught in the flywheel. He had set the engine going pulling up a cage of mullock, then went away from the engine, One of the cages was pulled to the top of the poppet heads without him knowing. The wire rope broke and the cage fell down the shaft, no one was injured. The engine was still going, the braceman ran into the engine-room and told Bromley what had happened. Bromley stopped the engine to reverse the gear. He had loosened the screws and was rising from a stooping position when he was caught by the flywheel. It was thought that Bromley had started the engine, the rushed to the boiler to throw in a few pieces of wood and before he got back the cage had gone to the top of the poppet heads.document, gold, mining accidents, mining accidents, shocking accident at wilson's reef, bendigo advertiser 6/2/1874, thomas bromley -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING ACCIDENTS - SENSATIONAL WINDING ACCIDENT AT THE HUSTLER'S RESERVE NO 2 CO
... DOCUMENT Gold mining accidents Mining Accidents Sensational Winding ...Handwritten extract from the Bendigo Advertiser 5/12/1893 where three miners had a narrow escape in a winding accident at the Huster's Reserve No 2 Company's Mine, in Pall Mall. At the change of shift, three miners, William Merrin, Frederick Willoughby and E. Johns got into the cage on the western compartment to be lowered to the 845 ft. plat. The Driver Russel lost control of the engine and hauled the empty cage in the eastern compartment to the poppet heads. Cage went up with a crash, but the safety hooks caught it and let the rope go. The men in the cage in western compartment were very alarmed has cage hit the bearers on the 845 feet plat with considerable force. If it had crashed through the bearers they would have landed in the water below. The shaft was 1070 feet deep. The Mine Manager, S. T. Glanville ordered the driver off the mine; another rope re-attached and the men hauled to the surface.document, gold, mining accidents, mining accidents, sensational winding accident at the hustler's reserve no 2 co, william merrin, frederick willoughby, e johns, driver russell, s t glanville -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINING ACCIDENTS - MAN FALLS DOWN GOLDEN FLEECE SHAFT
... DOCUMENT Gold mining accidents Mining Accidents Man Falls Down ...Handwritten extract from the Bendigo Advertiser dated 29/5/1873. Mr A. M. McHugh, Surveyor of Admiralty Dep't fell down the Golden Fleece Shaft on 28/5/73. The undergr'd Manager, Mr Thomas Mann, was showing him around. They had been at the 300 ft level and the cage was below them. Mann knocked for the cage wich stopped about four feet above the plat. Mann knocked the cage down, but it stopped about 10' or 12' above the plat. Mann said the cage had not stopped, and before he could remove his hand from the knocker, he saw Mr McHugh fall down the shaft. He died. There was a space between the edge of the plat and innermost edge of the cage.document, gold, mining accidents, mining accidents, man falls down golden fleece shaft, mr a m mchugh, bendigo advertiser 29/5/1873, mr forbes, mr henry cook, mr thomas mann -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - VICTORIA HILL - THE RICH VICTORIA HILL AND IT'S HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS
... Victoria Reef Gold Mining Coy... George Lansell British & American Hotel Victoria Reef Gold Mining ...Multiple handwritten and carbon copies refering to Victoria Hill. Mentioned in the notes are places of interest between Ironbark and Victoria Hill areas, history of the area and sign posts for the Victoria Hill area.document, gold, victoria hill, victoria hill, the rich victoria hill and it's historical associations, j n macartney, quartz miners' arms hotel, ironbark methodist church, greek orthodox church, conrad heinz, john brown industries knitwear factory, little 180 mine, george lansell, british & american hotel, victoria reef gold mining coy, manchester arms hotel, housing commission homes, the ironbark (victoria reef gold), hercules & energetic, midway, wittscheibe, gt central victoria, wm rae, mr and mrs conroy, mrs lavery, central nell gwynne, moorhead's shop, gill family, gold mines hotel, david chaplin sterry, new chum and victoria mine, p m g repeater station, old chum mine, pioneer, rotary club of bendigo south, north old chum mine, ballerstedt's first open cut, lansell's big 180 mine -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - VICTORIA HILL - QUESTION 5 ON VICTORIA HILL
Handwritten notes and carbon copy titled Question 5. Notes refer to Victoria Hill being opended up by Theodore Ballerstedt and his son early in 1854. Theodore Ballerstedt left for Germany having sold his home, crushing battery and mine to Mr Geo Lansell. He called the mine the '180'. Next mine north to the '180' was the Victoria Quartz. Also contains notes on machinery, geological formations and earning from the mines.document, gold, victoria hill, victoria hill, question 5 on victoria hill, theodore ballerstedt, mr geo lansell, fortuna villa, commonwealth survey regiment, the 180, ballerstedt's original open cut, bendigo south rotary club, john wybrandt, north old chum coy, victoria quartz, victoria reef quartz company, mr william rae, a roberts & sons united ironworks, australian mining standard special edition 1899, bendigo advertiser 10/2/1897, a harkness & coy, bendigo advertiser 30/6/1910 page 5, rae's open cut, e j dunn, bendigo saddle reefs, wittscheibe's 'jeweller's shop', roberts & frost, ashley noy & coy, grant & co, woodward & son, couth allen and co, taylor gould and co, crawshaw & co, roberts & co -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - VICTORIA HILL - THE RICH VICTORIA HILL AND ITS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS
... Victoria Reef Gold Mining Company... Victoria Reef Gold Mining Company Manchester Arms Hotel Housing ...Copy and a photocopy of notes titled 'The rich Victoria Hill and its Historical Associations. The photocopy does not have copies of the photos. Notes include Introduction, directions for getting to Victoria Hill, North Old Chum Mine 2310 ft deep, Ballerstedt's First Open Cut, Geographical Features, Lansell's Big 180, Crushing Battery, Lansell's Cleopatra Needle type chimney, Victoria Quartz Mine 4613 ft deep, Victoria Reef Quartz Company, Victoria Quartz Company, Victoria Quartz Dams, Rae's Open Cut, Quartz Roasting, Floyd's small 5 Head Crushing Battery, Great Central Victoria (Midway) Shaft, Ballerstedt's Small 24 yard Claim, The Humboldt, The Adventure, The Advance and Luffsman and Sterry's Claim. Copies of photos include: Victoria Hill from Rae's Open Cut, Looking North from Old Chum Hill to the Victoria Hill, the Victoria Quartz Mine and Wm. Rae's Crushing Works.document, gold, victoria hill, victoria hill, the rich victoria hill and its historical associations, j n macartney, quartz miners' arms hotel, ironbark methodist church, john brown knitwear factory, little 180, george lansell, conrad heinz, british and american hotel, victoria reef gold mining company, manchester arms hotel, housing commission homes, the ironbark, hercules and energetic, midway, wittscheibe, great central victoria, wm rae, mr & mrs conroy, moorhead's shop, central nell gwynne, gold mines hotel, david chaplin sterry, new chum & victoria, old chum, burrowes & sterry, rotary club of bendigo south, big 180, north old chum mine, ballerstedt's first open-cut, lansell's bit 180 shaft, victoria quartz mine, victoria reef quartz company, a roberts & sons, mr e j dunn, h harkness & sons, new chum drainage scheme, eureka extended, new chum railway, the pearl, inrush of water, shamrock, shenandoah, victoria quartz dams, rae's open cut, floyd's small 5 head crushing battery, great central victoria (midway) shaft, midway no 2, midway north, the humboldt, the adventure, the advance, luffsman & sterry's claim, chinese joss house, fortuna, p m g repeater station, bendigo and vicinity 1895, j n macartney 1st edition 1871, mr rae anderson, 'gill family, annals of bendigo obituary notices 1904, mining records and australian mining standard special edition 1/6/1899, bendigo advertiser 22/6/1871, b m l records mines department, patterson's goldfields of victoria, dickers mining record 23/11/1861, annals of bendigo, bendigo advertiser 24/7/1933, 27/8/1908, 30/6/1910, 16/6/1910, 17/6/1910, mining reports for 1910, australian mining standard special edition 1/6/1899 p40, bendigo mines ltd, mines department records, the bendigo goldfield 1851 to 1954, the victoria hill 1854 to 1949, wm rae's crushing works -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - GOLD MINES BENDIGO 1861, 1861
Copy of photograph of mine site with dwellings to right top, mine buildings, 'whim?' drays, horse and work men. Large brick chimney on right. B+W photo. On back 'Gold Mines Bendigo 1861','Probably, looking NW up New Chum Hill, which was then known as Sth Victoria Hill'.place, mining site, sth victoria hill ?, see also 131.01 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - HORSE PUDDLING MACHINE VICTORIA HILL?, c.1861
Black and white panorama with mine workings (puddling machine and two horses and two workers) with scattered (residential?) buildings in open rough background. Inscriptions: on front - 'horse puddling machine 1861' hand printed across top. On back - 'Gold Mines Bendigo 1861, this could be Victoria Hill'.place, mining site, victoria hill ? -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - NEW CHUM HILL?
Black and white photograph of mine site. Mullock heap in background with various mine buildings. Chimney stack and corrugated iron buildings on right. Mine shaft holes in foreground. Whims centre back. Hand written on back 'Gold Mines Bendigo. Probably New Chum Hill. Looking North. Phoenix, later Old Chum Mine at summit. JB Lazarus' claims in foreground. RT. 'Johnsons No. 2' on back - Royal Historical Society of Victoria, Bendigo Branch. Circular stamp. History: Prev. ACC. No. MNG 2Batchelderplace, mining site, new chum -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - CENTRAL DEBORAH GOLD MINE
Black and white photo. Central Deborah Gold Mine, corner Violet and Creek Streets, Bendigo. 1939-1954. Shaft 1347 feet deep. Gold extracted 29,460 ounces. This mine was purchased by the Bendigo City Council to be retained as a Mining Museum. Markings/Inscriptions: Central Deborah Mine. Corner Violet and Creek Streets. 1939-1954. Shaft 1347 feet. Gold 29,460 ozs. This Mine has been purchased by the Bendigo City Council to be retained as a Mining Museum.organization, business, central deborah gold mine -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - ENGRAVING REPRODUCTION ('ATTACK ON GOLD ESCORT'), post 1887
Engraving reproduction ('Attack on Gold Escort between McIvor and Melbourne') by W Hathirell, 1887. Apparently taken from a series of illustrations (book??) with this being #6.topic, mining, mcivor -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - HUSTLERS ROYAL RESERVE NO. 2 (POSTCARDS)
Hustlers Royal Reserve No. 2 (Postcards of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria - Bendigo Branch. 10 identical postcards showing mine and Pall Mall, Bendigo. On reverse: LH side with details of locality, shaft, poppet and engine details, gold yield and dividends. RH Side - blank for addresseeplace, mining site, hustlers royal reserve no 2 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - GREAT EXTENDED HUSTLERS (POSTCARD)
Great Extended Hustlers (Postcard series of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria (Bendigo Branch). 8 identical cards. Summary history of mine on reverse, LH side: Location, depth, poppet and engine detail, gold yield, dividends. Blank (unused) on RH side for addressee.place, mining site, great extended hustler quartz mine -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Painting - OIL PAINTING: GOLDEN MILE EAGLEHAWK
... gold mining site... PLACE Building gold mining site J.B. Perry Oil painting ...Oil painting by J.B.Perry of Golden Mile Eaglehawk. Poppett Heads. Mining sheds. Duchess Tribute. G.M.Co. Painted in grey and brown oil colours. Markings on back: Golden Mile Eaglehawk. An original in oils from an early black & white photo by John. B. Perry. DR 277. Num 21.J.B. Perryplace, building, gold mining site -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - GOLD SEEKERS OF THE 1890'S, 1992
... AUSTRALIA History mining Mimi Cilligan. Gold Seekers of the 1890's ...Gold Seekers of the 1890's. Nationwide coverage of prospecting, mining and the diggers.Mimi Cilligan.australia, history, mining