A Fresnel lens is a type of composite compact lens developed by the French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827) for use primarily in lighthouses.  Made from high-quality glass Fresnel lenses were used originally in lighthouses and later for many other applications They were later being used for automobile headlamps, brake, parking, and turn signal lenses, and many other applications. Fresnel lenses used in lighthouses were considered state of the art from the late 19th through to the middle of the 20th century. The subject item is a Fresnel replacement lens used in a ships navigation light. For lighthouses, these lenses have now been replaced with much less expensive and more durable aerobeacons, which themselves often contain plastic Fresnel lenses. The lens design allows the construction of lenses of large aperture and short focal length without the mass and volume of material that would be required by a lens of conventional design. A Fresnel lens can be made much thinner than a comparable conventional lens, in some cases taking the form of a flat sheet. The simpler dioptric (purely refractive) form of the lens was first proposed by Count Buffon and independently reinvented by Fresnel. The catadioptric form of the lens, entirely invented by Fresnel, has outer elements that use total internal reflection as well as refraction; it can capture more oblique light from a light source making the light visible from greater distances.The subject item at this time cannot be associated with a historical event, person or place, provenance is unknown, the item is a replacement for a ships navigation light and it is believed to have been produced before 1950.Fresnel round glass masthead replacement lens for a navigation lamp of a ship. Nonewarrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, fresnel lens, maritime light, ships navigation light, augustin-jean fresnel, lighthouse lenses, lighthouse, navigation, warning light

Clay crucible marked Battersea Round commonly used for melting gold.mining, equipment, crucible

Round green glass bottle with wide neck and text embossed on base.Monogram of impressed capital letters overlaid on each other.(indistinct).green glass

Round clear glass bottle deep punt in base, slightly asymmetrical.nil

Round pink cardboard box with orange top containing violin wax.Gebrüder Schuster, Bestes Deutsches Violinbogen-Harz

Small push button counter used for manually counting, for example, people or enquiries. Source within NMIT is unknown.Small metal counter on round base. White numbers on black background.Manufacturer's name inscribed on side "PLUS Japan"counters, metal counters, nmit,

This is a stamp that has been used to identify library books at the Stanley AthenaeumRubber stamp with round wooden handle and eight sided rectagonal baseClark's Patent Melbournelibrary, book, stamp stanley athenaeum clarkes

Anodized ashtray round in shape with purple para - 'SEPPELTS PORT' with emblem. Guard your honour

2-cavity brass bullet mould for casting conical and round balls.bullets, weapons, brass

Round black & white portrait of gentleman wearing white suit & bowtie

Trench art letter opener cut into the shape of a scimitar from a section of a shell case. The handle for the letter opener is made from a discharged British or Australian MK VII .303 calibre rimmed cartridge. The blade of the letter opener is attached to the handle via a bullet which has been sliced through the middle HMAS Uralba was an auxiliary minefield tender and armament stores carrier operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War II. She was launched in 1942 by Ernest Wright, Tuncurry, New South Wales as Uralba for the North Coast Steam Navigation Company. Requisitioned by the RAN while under construction on 13 July 1942 and commissioned on 22 November 1942. After being returned to her owners and being sold and used for a number of purposes she was sunk on 4 November 1971 to create an artificial reef off Carrum Creek, in Port Phillip Bay.Stainless steel blade with handle made from 303 round/cartridgeHMAS Uralba inscribed on bladehmas uralba, ran, ww2, letter opener, paper knife

The headstamp on these cartridges indicates they were manufactured in 1942 at the St Louis Ordnance Plant in Missouri USA. They were souvenired and engraved by Australian servicemen in New Guinea during WW2. All five cartridges are engraved with RAAF and Dutch New Guinea with one having additional engraving of Hollandia, Nadzab and Merauke. They belonged to 285492 Maurice Gerard HENDERSON born 21/9/1899 who enlisted at the age of 40 and served with the RAAF during WW2. He was deployed on 26/5/1944 with 113 FCU to Merauke in New Guinea.No. 13 Fighter Sector Headquarters was formed at Garbutt airfield on 16 Apr 1943. They embarked from Cairns, Queensland on 27 Jun 1943 and disembarked at Merauke on 2 Jul 1943. The Unit was renamed as No.113 Fighter Control Unit (113 FCU) on 7 Mar 1944. They moved to Townsville on 25 Feb 1945. The Unit was finally disbanded on 22 Apr 1945.Five white metal cartridges with round base tampered to a pointed top.Headstamp - SL 42 Engraved - RAAF Dutch New Guinea raaf, ww2, cartridge sl42, new guinea

Round sterling silver communion paten with a communion token at its centre."ST ANDREWS CHURCH" and on reverse: 'THIS DO IN REMEMBRANCE OF ME"st andrew's presbyterian church gardiner

Large, round, heavy medallion with Korean and English text on both sides."THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF KOREA" "THE KOREAN CHURCH CENTENNIAL 1884-1984"the presbyterian church of korea

Round medallion with an image of the John Wesley and text on the obverse and text on the reverse.Obverse "REVD JOHN WESLEY A.M. NAT 1703 OBI 1791" "WHAT GOD HATH WROUGHT" Reverse "THE NINETY-THIRD CONVERGENCE OF THE WESLEYAN METHODISTS (THE FIRST HELD IN BIRMINGHAM" "THE REV D BUNTING PRESIDENT THE REV R NEWTON SECRETARY THE REV DR FISK REPRESENTATIVE FROM AMERICA THE REV ? STEWART ? WAUGH FROM IRELAND"wesleyan church

The badge belonged to Deaconess Norma Anguey who attended Wesley Missions Church in Carlton.Round blue, white and gold enamel Girls Guild lapel badge."GIRLS GUILD" "GG" "Love One Another"anguey, norma, deaconess, wesley missions church, carlton

2 Round lapel badges. White with blue text and image of church."Brunswick Presbyterian Church Eightieth Anniversary Celebrations" "August 5 to 9 1934" "1854 - 1934"

B082.1, B082.2, B082.3, - round communion token with text on both sides."FLEMINGTON AND KENSINGTON PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH" "LUKE 22.19 THIS DO IN REMEMBRANCE OF ME."flemington and kensington presbyterian church

Round stainless steel communion tray with pattern and engraved wording in the middle."TO THE GLORY OF GOD A GIFT TO ST ANDREW'S ARARAT FROM CAROL GEORGE 14/11/59"st andrews presbyterian church ararat, george, carol

3 Round Medallion Shire of Stawell Queen Victorias Jubilee 1887stawell

Round Home to Stawell 1930 Diamond Jubilee (4) with pin attachedstawell

Presented to Martin Balsarini on his return from WW1 from the residents of Chiltern ValleyMartin Balsarini was a resident of Chiltern Valley and fought in WW1 including the Battle of Beersheba.Round gold coloured metal. Separate ring surround with circular link.On the front: TPR. M. Balsarini A.I.F & an embossed soldier in the middle. On the reverse side: From residents of CHILTERN VALLEY on his return from the WORLD GREAT WAR Undecipherable markings at base of medalmartin balsarini, medal, ww1