The spectrograph employs the principle of single crystal Bragg X-Ray Diffraction to measure wavelengths by interpolation from accepted standard lines. It is suitable for the identification and determination of the charateristic emissions of elements and thus for X-Ray spectrum analysis. The instrument was manufactured by ADAM HILGER Ltd. to the design of Professor Laby and is the best preserved instrument surviving from his research activity. A full description is given in the Hilger Pamphlet with the instrument; alternatively see duplicate in Appendix A5,A6 in Vol 2 of Laby ‘s COLLECTED PAPERS.

As the Yarra became unsuitable as a source of water, several attempts were made to find alternative sources for the growing population of Melbourne. It was not until 1891 that the efforts to sewer Melbourne came to fruition with the setting up of the Melbourne Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW), now known as Melbourne Water. From 1891 until 1992, it was the responsibility of the MMBW to safeguard public health by providing a sewerage system and a safe water supply system. In 1992, The MMBW merged with a number of smaller urban water authorities to form Melbourne Water. This item was used by MMBW employees as a measuring device to determine areas or figures on a plane surface having either straight or irregular boundaries. The Compensating Polar Planimeter is of historical significance for its association with the former Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW). This measuring device is perfectly intact and a rare surviving object of standard Board issued equipment. The kit is significant for its representativeness of the theme of Technology in building Victoria's industries and workforce, which continues to resonate strongly within Melbourne Water today.The instrument is inside a black metal case with accessories including: Setting bar, screwdriver, Allen key and spare pole point. Inside is also the adjustable planimeter. mmbw, melbourne water, melbourne metropolitan board of works, technology, instrument, work, measure, historic, water, staff

Blunt hook, measure marked on lower end, left to right, "1,2, 6,5,4,3" chrome plated.obstetric delivery, blunt hook, destructive instrument

This instrument was used by Dr Fritz Duras (1896-1965), who moved to Australia from Germany in 1937. As his father was Jewish, Duras was forced to leave Germany , and came to Australia to take up a post as director of physical education at Melbourne University. Metal pelvimeter. Consists of a device with two arms, which curve into rounded points at their ends. A semi-circular measuring gauge is attached to the end of the pelvimeter.obstetrics

Provenance not clear. Leather case has 'MMBW' inscribed in black pen, indicating an association with Melbourne Metropolitan Board of Works. Item has been in the possession of Terry McCormack since 1972Hand held brass pocket inclonometer level, circa 1920. Leather case for safe storage. Semi circular graduated dial with 90 degree vernier scale with a small (20mm) magnifying glass to aid reading the vernier scale. Above the body, mounted at the rear of the graduated dial, is a spirit level tube which is tilted by finger movement to the milled hand wheel. The height to be determined is sighted through the instrument eyepiece and the bubble tube is tilted until the bubble, viewed in the mirror inside the sighting tube, is brought level with the graticule sighted at the top of the subject object. An angle is thus obtained and by measuring the distance on the ground to the object, trigonometry can be applied to determine the height of the object.Herga & Co. BRISBANE. Made in England

Weights & Measures, partially in wooden boxConsists of 10 parts as follows: 4 lb 1866; 8 oz 1803; 4 oz 1855; 2 lb 1866; 7 lb 1866; 1 lb 1866; Imperial Standard Gill 1826; Imperial Standard Pint; Imperial Standard Quart; Imperial Standard Half Gallon

Clinometer- used for measuring the slope of the landMetalsurveying equipment

Abney Level / Clinometer is an accurate surveying tool used to measure degrees, percent of grade and topographic elevation. Used for surveying pipe lines.Instrument which consists of a fixed sighting tube, a movable spirit level connected to a pointing arm which turns and pivots. Adjustment knob/screw on top turns to rotate the compass indicator and bubble level. Arched scale graduated 0 to 90 degrees in both directions. Clinometer is housed in a brown leather case with a long leather strap for carrying around the neck.Watts London / No 70131 / Made in England

Calipers for measuring inside of holes.trades, mechanics, tools

Metal instrument for weighing - possibly in a butcher's shop. Round ring at top attached to a round dial measuring pounds(lbs) up to 200 lbs. Indicator on dial. Large hook at base of dial to attach the item to be weighed.0 - 200 Salter's Spring Balance British Made Silvester's Patent to Weigh 200 lb.instruments, weighing

The Pace Stick is used to measure the correct length of pace. Rhythm and uniformity in marching is achieved by using the Pace Stick as well as the drum and metronome. Correct pace length is necessary not only for ceremonial purposes, but also to reduce fatigue on long marches and set the standard of accuracy required of soldiers. The Pace Stick is actually two pieces of timber, hinged at the top and able to be set to a particular distance, something like the compass set you used at school.

Survey tape used by P.J. Larkin, government surveyorInstrument owned and used by a government marine surveyor named P. J. Larkin who worked in Melbourne and Geelong in the 1930s.Survey tape in leather pouch about 100 feet long and housed on brass reel.Purton and Littlejohn's patent Wellington 1663surveying instrument, hydrography, larkin jp

Sextant used by J P Larken, Government Marine SurveyorThe sextant has been the primary position fixing tool of the marine surveyor for 200 years used to measure angles between beacons or points for hydrographic surveys. A sextant in its own wooden box.On inside box lid; 'A. E. Parson surveying and scientific instrument maker, Queen Street, Melbournesextant, jp larken, marine surveyor

This planimeter in leather box was used by P. J. Larkin, government surveyor, for measuring irregular areas in plans and charts. This type of instrument is still used today and is useful for computing dredging volumes.Surveyor active in the 20s and 30s in Port Phillip and QuennscliffA Planimeter in its own leather box.The Adams Engineering Co. Wellington N.Z. No 8747surveying instruments, p j larkin

An inclinometer measures the angle of inclination of a vessel or aircraft to the horizontalTimber and brass inclinometer from the M.V. Australian Explorer. Triangular timber shape with curved base. Brass measuring plate with measurements from 0-40 degrees on each side. Brass pointer indicates angle of inclination of vessel. 'EIWA' label on front. '87-156' inscribed in pen on back and underside. navigational instruments, australian explorer

These bale measuring rulers were used to calculate bale sizes when loading in ships hold.Obsolete tool is of historical significance to explain past practicesTimber measuring ruler for measuring dimensions of bales being loaded and stacked in ships hold. Outer arms are extendable to suit bale widthsIllegibleinstrument, bale measuring ruler, cargo handling

Used to 1935 by John Gordon Hanby while in the militia at Fort Queenscliffe.Metal trailing log comprising of a gauge and two rotors towed behind ships to measure distance.Walker's, Cherve, Mark III.towing log, measuring distance, ship's log

Comprises two calibrated cylinders mounted on a board for measuring inches of water. Gauges measure air velocity. Cylinders are of steel with calibrations on aluminium casings. Flexible tubes are connected to reservoirs at the back of the mounting board, one black rubber the other red plastic. A reference barometer is mounted at the bottom right hand corner of the backing board. Reservoirs at the rear are of metal, coloured blue.instruments, air flow

Gauge for measuring pressure. Blue anodised diecast casing. Vestige of plastic tube emerging from the top. Hand operated brass pump on the bottom.Noneinstruments, pressure

Gunter's chain (also known as Gunter’s measurement) is a distance measuring device used for surveying. It was designed and introduced in 1620 by English clergyman and mathematician Edmund Gunter (1581–1626). It enabled plots of land to be accurately surveyed and plotted, for legal and commercial purposes. The provenance of this particular Gunter Chain is unknown but it is believed to be used either by the City of Bendigo / Sandhurst or the Lands Department locally when measuring and laying out plots and streets locally. A 66-foot (20.1 m) chain divided into 100 links, marked off into groups of 10 by brass rings or tags. Each link is 7.92 inches (201 mm) long. A quarter chain, or 25 links, measures 16 feet 6 inches (5.03 m) also called a a rod (or pole) measure. Ten chains measure a furlong and 80 chains measure a statute mile. city of greater bendigo surveying

A pennyweight was a unit of mass that was equal in weight to 20 grains, one twentieth of an ounce and one 240th of a Troy pound. The abbreviation for a pennyweight is ‘dwt’ (denarius weight). These measures and weights were typically used for weighing gold and other precious metals. Group of eleven weights and measures including seven rectangular pennyweights with clipped corners and marked 10 DWTS, 6 DWTS, 5 DWTS, 4 DWTS, 3 DWTS, 2 DWTS respectively, two gram weights; 5 grams and 4 grams with top right pressed corner and two cup troy weights marked 4oz TROY and ½.284.1 10 DWTS 284.2 6 DWTS 284.3 5 DWTS 284.4 4 DWTS 284.5 3 DWTS 284.6 2 DWTS 284.7 1 DWTS 284.8 5 GRAMS 284.9 4 GRAMS 284.10 4 oz TROY 284.11 ½ city of greater bendigo commerce, making a nation exhibition, city of greater bendigo mining

Victoria became a separate colony of the United Kingdom on 1 July 1851; however it took until 1864 for a workable system of weights and measures administration to be introduced. Standard of weights and measures were obtained and issued to local authorities to administer in their local areas. These standards were numbered, as were the Crown stamps used by inspectors to indicate that trade weights and measures had been checked and found to be legal to use in the day-to-day businesses of local traders. By the 1870's each local council had a set of standards that were used to test the scales, weights and measures of local merchants and businesses.Standard 28lb brass measure. Ball shaped weight with single handle on top. Front; Standard / lb / 28 AV / Potter / London / 25.8.1864 / 24.3.90 / 9.6.95 / 17.10.00 / 5.10.05 / 20.3.11 / 25.8.16 / 27.9.21 / 10.11.26 / 17.11.31 / 16.11.35 / 4.12.41 / 24.11.52city of greater bendigo commerce