An Irish barrister, politician, Member of Parliament (M.P.), and the founder and first leader of a number of Irish nationalist parties and organisations, including the Irish Metropolitan Conservative Society in 1836, the Home Government Association in 1870 and in 1873 the Home Rule League. (Wikipedia) After being called to the bar in 1838, Butt quickly established a name for himself as a brilliant barrister. He was known for his opposition to the Irish nationalist leader Daniel O'Connell's campaign for the repeal of the Act of Union.[4] He also lectured at Trinity College, Dublin, in political economy. His experiences during the Great Famine led him to move from being an Irish unionist and an Orangeman[5] to supporting a federal political system for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that would give Ireland a greater degree of self-rule. This led to his involvement in Irish nationalist politics and the foundation of the Home Rule League. Butt was instrumental in fostering links between Constitutional and Revolutionary nationalism through his representation of members of the Fenians Society in court. (Wikipedia) He began his career as a Tory politician on Dublin Corporation. He was Member of Parliament for Youghal from 1852 to 1865, and for Limerick from 1871 to 1879 (at the 1852 general election he had also been elected for the English constituency of Harwich, but chose to sit for Youghal). The failed Fenian Rising in 1867 strengthened Butt's belief that a federal system was the only way to break the dreary cycle of inefficient administration punctuated by incompetent uprisings.[6] In 1870 he founded the Irish Home Government Association. This was in no sense a revolutionary organisation. It was designed to mobilise public opinion behind the demand for an Irish parliament, with, as he put it, "full control over our domestic affairs."[6] He believed that Home Rule would promote friendship between Ireland and her neighbour to the east. In November 1873 Butt replaced the Association with a new body, the Home Rule League, which he regarded as a pressure-group, rather than a political party. In the General Election the following year, 59 of its members were elected. However, most of those elected were men of property who were closer to the Liberal cause.[7] In the meantime Charles Stewart Parnell had joined the League, with more radical ideas than most of the incumbent Home Rulers, and was elected to Parliament in a by-election in County Meath in 1875.[8] Butt had failed to win substantial concessions at Westminster on the things that mattered to most Irish people: an amnesty for the Fenians of '67, fixity of tenure for tenant-farmers and Home Rule. Although they worked to get Home Rulers elected, many Fenians along with tenant farmers were dissatisfied with Butt's gentlemanly approach to have bills enacted, although they did not openly attack him, as his defence of the Fenian prisoners in '67 still stood in his favour.[9] However, soon a Belfast Home Ruler, Joseph Gillis Biggar (then a senior member of the IRB), began making extensive use of the ungentlemanly tactic of "obstructionism" to prevent bills being passed by the house. When Parnell entered Parliament he took his cue from John O'Connor Power and Joseph Biggar and allied himself with those Irish members who would support him in his obstructionist campaign. MPs at that time could stand up and talk for as long as they wished on any subject. This caused havoc in Parliament. In one case they talked for 45 hours non-stop, stopping any important bills from being passed. Butt, ageing, and in failing health, could not keep up with this tactic and considered it counter-productive. In July 1877 Butt threatened to resign from the party if obstruction continued, and a gulf developed between himself and Parnell, who was growing steadily in the estimation of both the Fenians and the Home Rulers.[10] The climax came in December 1878, when Parliament was recalled to discuss the war in Afghanistan. Butt considered this discussion too important to the British Empire to be interrupted by obstructionism and publicly warned the Irish members to refrain from this tactic. He was fiercely denounced by the young Nationalist John Dillon, who continued his attacks with considerable support from other Home Rulers at a meeting of the Home Rule League in February 1879. Although he defended himself with dignity, Butt, and all and sundry, knew that his role in the party was at an end.[11] Butt, who had been suffering from bronchitis, had a stroke the following May and died within a week. He was replaced by William Shaw, who in turn was replaced by Charles Stewart Parnell in 1880. (Wikipedia)Image of a man known as Isaac Butt.

Joseph Chamberlain was was an important businessman and a politician. He worked to improve education, and cities. He was a Member of Parliament from 1876 to 1914, and Colonial Secretary (controlling British colonies) from 1895 to 1903. His son Austen won the Nobel Peace Prize and another son Neville was Prime Minister from 1937 to 1940. (Wikipedia) Chamberlain was a Unitarian, a Christian who believes Christ was an example of the way to live life, but was not divine (not a part of God). Unitarians try to work to help society. There were many problems in Birmingham after the industrial revolution, and many men were not allowed to vote. In 1868 Chamberlain helped a liberal man to become the Member of Parliament for Birmingham. In 1869, he started a group working for free primary education for all children. In November 1869, he became a member of Birmingham City Council. There he worked for cheaper land prices for rural (countryside) workers, and became very popular. In 1873 he became the Mayor of Birmingham. He bought the gas companies and water companies for the city, so people were able to have clean and safe water. He made parks, roads, schools museums and built new houses for poor people. In June 1876 he became the Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham. In parliament he worked to unite radical M.P.s (MPs that wanted change) against the Whig party who were in power. His work helped William Ewart Gladstone to become Prime Minister in 1880. Chamberlain often spoke about education in parliament. (Wikipedia)Image of a man called Joseph Chamberlain.ballarat irish, chamberlain, joseph chamberlain

The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún) was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which sought to help poor tenant farmers. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period of the Land League's agitation is known as the Land War. Within decades of the league's foundation, through the efforts of William O'Brien and George Wyndham (a descendant of Lord Edward FitzGerald), the 1902 Land Conference produced the Land (Purchase) Act 1903 which allowed Irish tenant farmers buy out their freeholds with UK government loans over 68 years through the Land Commission (an arrangement that has never been possible in Britain itself). For agricultural labourers, D.D. Sheehan and the Irish Land and Labour Association secured their demands from the Liberal government elected in 1905 to pass the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1906, and the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911, which paid County Councils to build over 40,000 new rural cottages, each on an acre of land. By 1914, 75% of occupiers were buying out their landlords, mostly under the two Acts. In all, under the pre-UK Land Acts over 316,000 tenants purchased their holdings amounting to 15 million acres (61,000 km2) out of a total of 20 million acres (81,000 km2) in the country. Sometimes the holdings were described as "uneconomic", but the overall sense of social justice was undeniable. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League was founded at the Imperial Hotel in Castlebar, the County town of Mayo, on 21 October 1879. At that meeting Charles Stewart Parnell was elected president of the league. Andrew Kettle, Michael Davitt, and Thomas Brennan were appointed as honorary secretaries. This united practically all the different strands of land agitation and tenant rights movements under a single organisation. The two aims of the Land League, as stated in the resolutions adopted in the meeting, were: ...first, to bring out a reduction of rack-rents; second, to facilitate the obtaining of the ownership of the soil by the occupiers. That the object of the League can be best attained by promoting organisation among the tenant-farmers; by defending those who may be threatened with eviction for refusing to pay unjust rents; by facilitating the working of the Bright clauses of the Irish Land Act during the winter; and by obtaining such reforms in the laws relating to land as will enable every tenant to become owner of his holding by paying a fair rent for a limited number of years. Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, and others including Cal Lynn then went to America to raise funds for the League with spectacular results. Branches were also set up in Scotland, where the Crofters Party imitated the League and secured a reforming Act in 1886. The government had introduced the first ineffective Land Act in 1870, then the equally inadequate Acts of 1880 and 1881 followed. These established a Land Commission that started to reduce some rents. Parnell together with all of his party lieutenants, including Father Eugene Sheehy known as "the Land League priest", went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the Irish Coercion Act in Kilmainham Jail for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the No-Rent Manifesto was issued, calling for a national tenant farmer rent strike which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely. Typically a rent strike would be followed by evictions by the police, or those tenants paying rent would be subject to a local boycott by League members. Where cases went to court, witnesses would change their stories, resulting in an unworkable legal system. This in turn led on to stronger criminal laws being passed that were described by the League as "Coercion Acts". The bitterness that developed helped Parnell later in his Home Rule campaign. Davitt's views were much more extreme, seeking to nationalise all land, as seen in his famous slogan: "The land of Ireland for the people of Ireland". Parnell aimed to harness the emotive element, but he and his party preferred for tenant farmers to become freeholders on the land they rented, instead of land being vested in "the people".(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014)Image of a number of men sitting around a table. They are members of the Land League Committee during a meeting in Dublin.ballarat irish, land league, land league committee, dublin

Parnell was an Irish nationalist and statesman who led the fight for Irish Home Rule in the 1880s. Charles Stewart Parnell was born on 27 June 1846 in County Wicklow into a family of Anglo-Irish Protestant landowners. He studied at Cambridge University and was elected to parliament in 1875 as a member of the Home Rule League (later re-named by Parnell the Irish Parliamentary Party). His abilities soon became evident. In 1878, Parnell became an active opponent of the Irish land laws, believing their reform should be the first step on the road to Home Rule. In 1879, Parnell was elected president of the newly founded National Land League and the following year he visited the United States to gain both funds and support for land reform. In the 1880 election, he supported the Liberal leader William Gladstone, but when Gladstone's Land Act of 1881 fell short of expectations, he joined the opposition. By now he had become the accepted leader of the Irish nationalist movement. Parnell now encouraged boycott as a means of influencing landlords and land agents, and as a result he was sent to jail and the Land League was suppressed. From Kilmainham prison he called on Irish peasants to stop paying rent. In March 1882, he negotiated an agreement with Gladstone - the Kilmainham Treaty - in which he urged his followers to avoid violence. But this peaceful policy was severely challenged by the murder in May 1882 of two senior British officials in Phoenix Park in Dublin by members of an Irish terrorist group. Parnell condemned the murders. In 1886, Parnell joined with the Liberals to defeat Lord Salisbury's Conservative government. Gladstone became prime minister and introduced the first Irish Home Rule Bill. Parnell believed it was flawed but said he was prepared to vote for it. The Bill split the Liberal Party and was defeated in the House of Commons. Gladstone's government fell soon afterwards.(http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/parnell_charles.shtml, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League (Irish: Conradh na Talún) was an Irish political organisation of the late 19th century which sought to help poor tenant farmers. Its primary aim was to abolish landlordism in Ireland and enable tenant farmers to own the land they worked on. The period of the Land League's agitation is known as the Land War. Within decades of the league's foundation, through the efforts of William O'Brien and George Wyndham (a descendant of Lord Edward FitzGerald), the 1902 Land Conference produced the Land (Purchase) Act 1903 which allowed Irish tenant farmers buy out their freeholds with UK government loans over 68 years through the Land Commission (an arrangement that has never been possible in Britain itself). For agricultural labourers, D.D. Sheehan and the Irish Land and Labour Association secured their demands from the Liberal government elected in 1905 to pass the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1906, and the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911, which paid County Councils to build over 40,000 new rural cottages, each on an acre of land. By 1914, 75% of occupiers were buying out their landlords, mostly under the two Acts. In all, under the pre-UK Land Acts over 316,000 tenants purchased their holdings amounting to 15 million acres (61,000 km2) out of a total of 20 million acres (81,000 km2) in the country. Sometimes the holdings were described as "uneconomic", but the overall sense of social justice was undeniable. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014) The Irish National Land League was founded at the Imperial Hotel in Castlebar, the County town of Mayo, on 21 October 1879. At that meeting Charles Stewart Parnell was elected president of the league. Andrew Kettle, Michael Davitt, and Thomas Brennan were appointed as honorary secretaries. This united practically all the different strands of land agitation and tenant rights movements under a single organisation. The two aims of the Land League, as stated in the resolutions adopted in the meeting, were: ...first, to bring out a reduction of rack-rents; second, to facilitate the obtaining of the ownership of the soil by the occupiers. That the object of the League can be best attained by promoting organisation among the tenant-farmers; by defending those who may be threatened with eviction for refusing to pay unjust rents; by facilitating the working of the Bright clauses of the Irish Land Act during the winter; and by obtaining such reforms in the laws relating to land as will enable every tenant to become owner of his holding by paying a fair rent for a limited number of years. Charles Stewart Parnell, John Dillon, Michael Davitt, and others including Cal Lynn then went to America to raise funds for the League with spectacular results. Branches were also set up in Scotland, where the Crofters Party imitated the League and secured a reforming Act in 1886. The government had introduced the first ineffective Land Act in 1870, then the equally inadequate Acts of 1880 and 1881 followed. These established a Land Commission that started to reduce some rents. Parnell together with all of his party lieutenants, including Father Eugene Sheehy known as "the Land League priest", went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the Irish Coercion Act in Kilmainham Jail for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the No-Rent Manifesto was issued, calling for a national tenant farmer rent strike which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely. Typically a rent strike would be followed by evictions by the police, or those tenants paying rent would be subject to a local boycott by League members. Where cases went to court, witnesses would change their stories, resulting in an unworkable legal system. This in turn led on to stronger criminal laws being passed that were described by the League as "Coercion Acts". The bitterness that developed helped Parnell later in his Home Rule campaign. Davitt's views were much more extreme, seeking to nationalise all land, as seen in his famous slogan: "The land of Ireland for the people of Ireland". Parnell aimed to harness the emotive element, but he and his party preferred for tenant farmers to become freeholders on the land they rented, instead of land being vested in "the people".(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League, accessed 21 January 2014)Image of bearded man known as Charles Stewart Parnellballarat irish, parnell, charles parnell, home rule

Colour slide in a mount. People in lecture theatreCMAS BLACKMAN THEATRE PARTY / 45X4 1/2 (All Handwritten and erased)slide, robin boyd

Black and white photo showing the carpark at the Cardinia Reservoir site on the day of the official ceremony for the start of works in May 1970. Several dozen cars and one bus can be seen in the carpark, and groups of people are gathered there. In the foreground members of the official party can be seen. Between them and the carpark is a wide strip of long grass.

This album of Comradeship activities was compiled by Legatee Fred Holdsworth. It contains photographs, newspaper cuttings and ephemera relating to various “Comradeship” activities (social gatherings) held throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. Items included various events legatees participated in. First few pages had photos from a gathering at Cruden Farm on 15 May 1977. Cruden Farm was owned by Elisabeth Murdoch, the mother-in-law of Legatee Geoff Handbury. It appears there was a kite flying contest. Names are not listed. Three photos were from Queensland where Legatee Wal Escott had retired at Mundoona apartments, Noosa Heads, one photo shows him with Lorna Grimwade on 6/10/1979. There is a black and white photo of Max Armstrong, Rex Hall, Harry Burton, Warren Hardy riding horses in the Anzac Day march. The year is not known but an accompanying newspaper article mentions that they had been riding every year for 13 years on horses loaned by the police mounted branch. The newspaper clipping shows another photo of the four. A photo of seven legatees including David Carter were at the Numurkah Annual meeting in 1978. There are 8 photos of a gathering of Legatees and their wives at Stanhope in 1979. A photo of a Christmas party at Chaucers in 1979 was missing from the page, it has shown Choirmaster Reg Thomson and Choristers; Rob Allison, Bruce Hall, Les Patch, Bill Seager, David Syme and Ron Austin; with the M.C. being Fred Holdsworth. There was a trip to a trout farm in Alexandra Yea area in February 1978. At a comradeship evening there a photos showed the Comradeship committee of Harold Berg, John Cooper and Fred Holdsworth. Also photos from Anzac Night in 1980 and 1981. Plus other gathering at people's homes. A black and white photo of men in formal black tie, is from a night at the Windsor Hotel to farewell Sit Thomas White to become Australia's High Commissioner in London. Left to right are Sir Archie Michaelis, Sir John Latham, Sir Thomas White, Lt Col Donovan Joynt and Sir Stanley Savige. At the 1981 comradeship Christmas party, the held a 'this is your life' tribute to President Ken Green.The Comradeship photo album was put together by the Comradeship committee and records events that Legatees did and places they lived or visited. Some appear to be trips to visit other Legatees living overseas and social occasions held in different places. It shows the bond that Legatees have with each other.Brown vinyl photo album. The front cover is embellished with a double gold border. The album contains thirty pages bearing both colour and black and white photographs as well as newspaper clippings from various “Comradeship” events during the 1970s and 1980s.Inside cover - “A record of Comradeship activities / Fred Holdsworth” ? First page - “AT CRUDEN PARK / 15 May 1977” Third page - “CHAMP THE KITE MAN” Fourth page - “THE SHRINE 1977” / “THE CHAMP” / “REX” Fifth page - “Lorna Grimwade/ + Wal Escott/ at Noosa Heads, Q. / 6/10/79” Sixth page - “Max Armstrong, Rex Hall, Harry Burton, Warren Hardy” Seventh page - “Numurkah Annual 1978” / “ANZAC Night 1973” Eighth page - “STANHOPE 1979” Ninth page - “THE CHRISTMAS CHORISTERS at CHAUCERS CANTERBURY 1979.” / “FEARLESS FREDS FAMOUS FOLLIES. CHOIRMASTER. Reg Thomson. CHORISTERS. Rob Allison. Bruce Hall. Les Patch. Bill Seager. David Syme. Ron Austin. / M.C. Fred Holdsworth.” Tenth page - “ALEXANDRA YEA / ~ / FEBRUARY 1978” Eleventh page - “COMRADESHIP HIERARCHY 1979 / HAROLD BERG / DEP CHAIRMAN / JOHN COOPER / CHAIRMAN / FRED HOLDSWORTH / TREASURER” Twelfth page - “ANZAC NIGHT / ~ / 1980” Eighteenth page - “ANZAC NIGHT - 1981” Nineteenth page - “ANZAC NIGHT -1981” Twenty Second - “THIS IS YOUR LIFE / 1981 comradeship/ christmas party” comradeship, events, legatee event

Black and white photograph of a Ministerial / government inspection party boarding a bogie tram at Gardens Loop. Attached to the bottom left hand corner of the photo is part of a cutting from the Courier, giving the name of the people boarding the tram. Photograph and cutting undated - possibly late 1960's. Attachment with a piece of 'sticky tape' On rear of photograph is a Ballarat Courier Copyright stamp. Name of people in photograph are given as: Tramways Superintendent - Mr. L. J. Denmead, Mid-Western Electricity Supply branch manager, Mr. I. F. Pellas, Secretary to the Minister of Transport, Mr. B. Newton Mr. Tom Evans MLA Transport Regulation Board, regional officer, Mr. Alan Stott Minister of Transport, Mr. Wilcox, Minster of Public Works, Mr Byrne Mr. Bill Stephen, MLA. Note: Murray Byrne was Minister of Public Works from June 1970 until August 1972. This would narrow down the photo to between June 1970 and September 1971 and probably in 1970. (Research note from Peter Winspur 14-12-2012). From the shadows etc, probably late 1970, very early 1971.On rear of photograph, in black ink is stamped "Ballarat Courier / Press Photograph / - copyright -"trams, tramways, closure, ballarat, gardens loop, ministerial visit, transport

Black & white photograph, Bert Graham Collection, the two 'Ladies' pictured are Tom Norris and Alwyn Nelson, who are dressed in female attire and holding a potty with flowers.A lot people around them are liking the spectical. Their names are on the reverse as well as; Reorder No. A25/28, Kiwi Candid Photos, Town Hall Pharmacy, 226 Hargreaves Street, Bendigo, Phone 1467.bendigo, clubs, bendigo east swimming club

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide: Shows stage coach overloaded with people and their belongings. Wording: This photograph shows a diggings party on a Cobb & Co. coach near Newstead c. 1870. Note European dress. Markings: 14. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown - 2 Males getting drinks out of Esky + 3 more Standing AroundPolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown - 4 males Standing Outside ChattingPolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown - 3 Males standing + 1 Female and 4 Males sitting Chatting and DrinkingPolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown - Several People Standing outside Chatting and Drinking plus several more sitting at a wooden TablePolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown - Several People Standing outside Chatting and DrinkingPolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown - 2 Females + 1 Male Standing Outside plus Several Other Chatting around Wooden TablePolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown - Several People sitting at tables and benchesPolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown - Several Males sitting around table plus 4 Others Standing Around.Polaroidperson, group, christmas party

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown - 5 Males at a tablePolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown - 3 Females and Several Males sitting at TablesPolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown - 2 Females and 1 Male sitting at a tablePolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown -2 males Standing near a Whiteboard 5 Other Persons sitting a tablesPolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown - 3 Females at a Table plus several other persons in the backgroundPolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown - Female standing near sink, 2 other females (one wearing Christmas hat) getting foodPolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Christmas Party Date and Location Unknown - 12 people sitting at tables 1 Standing - Several people can be seen trough a window mingling outside.Polaroidperson, group, christmas party

2 Tables Several Persons having Christmas Lunch - Date and Location UnknownPolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Several People Sitting at Tables Christmas Lunch - Date and Location UnknownPolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Several People sitting at a table Having Christmas Lunch - Date and Location UnknownPolaroidperson, group, christmas party

Light purple page with a black printed border advertising a Polka party with the Purple People Polka Band. Guest callers Peter Ellis, Tony Jowett, Graeme Murray, Margaret & Bill Winnett, John Garden, Lance Green and Daryl Powell.entertainment, dance, purple people polka band, peter ellis collection, purple people polka band, peter ellis, tony jowett, graeme murray, margaret & bill winnett, john garden, lance green, daryl powell, trocadero

Colour photograph. 5 People with instruments. Boy playing guitar, Woman playing tin whistle, boy playing accordian, girl on tin whistle, man playing harmonica. Christmas carols music book on stand. Back of photo reads: Christmas Party Barker's 7-12-97.photo, group, musicians