Portland C.E.M.A. (Council for Encouragement of Music and the Arts) was formed in 1945. In 2025, as part of its 80th Birthday celebrations, a series of taped interviews from the 1980s and 1990s were digitised with the assistance of Glenelg Shire Community Grants. (Arts and Culture) The variable quality of the original recordings has meant digitisation has not been possible for all interviews. Transcripts have been provided where possible.The series of oral history interviews (1983-1990) captured the memories of some active early members of the Portland Council for Encouragement of Music and the Arts. First hand memories of the formation of the organisation in 1945, early activities of its groups, fundraising and building of the CEMA Arts Centre provide a window into community life in Portland and District in the post WW2 era. Recent digitisation (2025) has preserved deteriorating cassette tape recordings. community arts., oral history - portland c.e.m.a.

The "Listening to the Voices" project aims to preserve the recorded memories of Portland C.E.M.A. ( Council for Encouragement of Music and the Arts) early members in order to enable access to local historians, family historians and current members. Bob and Jean Stuchbery were active members in the post WW2 era and throughout the 1950s. Jean made cameo appearances into the 1980sThe series of oral history interviews (1983-1990) captured the memories of some active early members of the Portland Council for Encouragement of Music and the Arts. First hand memories of the formation of the organisation in 1945, early activities of its groups, fundraising and building of the CEMA Arts Centre provide a window into community life in Portland and District in the post WW2 era. Recent digitisation (2025) has preserved deteriorating cassette tape recordings.oral history - portland c.e.m.a., portland council for encouragement of music and the arts

The Talking Book Library of the Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind is celebrating its 50th anniversary during 1984. This service began in 1934 with 78 rpm records. These were later superceded by 33rpm records which remained in use until 1960. The first cassettes were imported from England and weighed 7 lb. along with the player which weighed 28 lb. These 18 track cassettes usually contained one whole book. In the early 1970's a change was made to smaller cassettes containing 12 hours of recorded material on 6 tracks. The latest system currently being introduced is the Library of Congress 4 Track System utilising cassettes which play for 6 hours and machinery which is adaptable to the conventional 2 track system cassette. The Talking Book Library today provides services to 2500 readers as opposed to only 500 in 1964. The service is free of charge to anyone who is visually handicapped and includes talking books, talking book machines, mail service, servicing of machines at regular intervals and any modifications that may be required. Over 1600 cassettes are handled daily. The library currently holds over 3500 individual titles. Catalogues are available in print, audio and braille format. Once selection is made, borrowers may receive at least 3 books at any one time. Other services include current magazines, foreign language books, newspapers and magazines and regional country newspapers. Many books are recorded at the R.V.I.B. by our volunteer readers while others are bought from similar agencies in Australia and overseas. The department of the R.V.I.B. relies almost entirely on voluntary donations from the public. Other services provided by the Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind Community Resources Section, Aids & Equipment Shop, Tertiary Resource Service, Industrial Department, Retired Personnel Allowance, Children's Services, Social Services, Housing Loans, Vocational Development1 digital image of typewritten pageroyal victorian institute for the blind, talking books

Thomas Edison was one of the world’s most prolific inventors, holding over 2,000 different patents. One of his earliest inventions was the phonograph. The Edison Phonograph Company was formed on October 8, 1887, to market Edison's machine. The original machine went through many modifications. The Patent information on this machine indicates that it was manufactured after May 1906. Sound was recorded on wax cylinders. Edison cylinders were the earliest commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound. These hollow cylindrical objects have an audio recording engraved on the outside surface which can be reproduced when they are played on a mechanical cylinder phonograph Beginning in 1889, pre-recorded wax cylinders were marketed. They featured professionally made recordings of songs, instrumental music or humorous monologues in their grooves. The earliest cylinders were made from soft wax and later hard wax was utilised. Further developments by several companies, led to the introduction of celluloid cylinders. In late 1908, Thomas Edison had introduced wax cylinders that played for about four minutes (instead of the usual two) under the Amberol brand. The Amberols were manufactured with flat rim-ends, to prevent confusion with the earlier bevel-edged two-minute version. In 1912, the Edison company eventually acquired patents to the celluloid technology, and almost immediately started production of the new brand as Edison Blue Amberol Records. Cylinder records continued to compete with the growing disc record market into the 1910s. In 1912, Columbia Records, which had been selling both discs and cylinders, dropped the cylinder format, while Edison introduced his Diamond Disc format, played with a diamond stylus. From 1915, new Edison cylinders were re-recordings from Edison discs. Although his cylinders continued to be sold in steadily dwindling quantities, Edison continued to support the owners of cylinder phonographs by making new titles available in that format until the company ceased manufacturing all records and phonographs in November 1929.This item is significant because it is representative of early home entertainment in the late 19th and early 20th century.An Edison Home Phonograph in a wooden case. No trumpet included.On outer case' Edison On metal plate: Thomas A Edison TRADE MARK On large metal plate: Detailed inscription of Patent informationphonograph, thomas edison

This photograph is held in the Ballaarat Mechanics' Institute Audio Visual Collection. Please contact BMI for all print and usage inquiries. BMI librarian Rosemary McInerney's father George Richmond ran this furnitue business on Armstrong St Nth. Here are his reminiscences of that shoppping area from The Courier March 1st 1978 THE GOOD OLD DAYS IN ARMSTRONG ST. NORTH Mr George Richmond began work in Armstrong street north as a lad in knickerbockers in 1926. He started with Hames and Woodward, a piano, music and record shop, which he took over when both Hames and Woodward died during the war. Mr Richmond was guest speaker at an informal dinner of the Armstrong St North Traders Association held at the Victoria Hotel on Monday night. At the meeting he was made a life member of the association, with which he had been involved since its inception in 1930. “I can remember when a man on a bicycle with a little ladder on his backrode up the street with a long stick and turned on the gas lights under the verandahs,” he said. “It was around that time when there used to be a little man with a broom walking up and down the street, sweeping away what was left behind by horses. “There also used to be a bellringer who would walk up and down Armstrong street announcing a sale in a shop. He used to have a tall black hat, a large black frock coat and had a large mustache.” “Up to 1936, there used to be regular visits by street musicians, who were usually good for a few laughs.” “The last musicians to come through were an Italian trio, who were very good.” Mr Richmond said the depression was a sad time for Armstrong street. “A lot of people had to put their properties up for sale, because not many people could afford to buy things like records then,” he said. Mr Richmond said Fridays were very busy then as it was market day for hundreds of farmers in the area. “The hotels put on extra groomsmen for the stables, and standing in the store I could smell the beer and tobacco drifting down from the hotels.”ballarat, hames, woodward, furniture, richmond, armstrong st nth, shop

This photograph is held in the Ballaarat Mechanics' Institute Audio Visual Collection. Please contact BMI for all print and usage inquiries. BMI librarian Rosemary McInerney's father George Richmond ran this furnitue business on Armstrong St Nth. Here are his reminiscences of that shoppping area from The Courier March 1st 1978 THE GOOD OLD DAYS IN ARMSTRONG ST. NORTH Mr George Richmond began work in Armstrong street north as a lad in knickerbockers in 1926. He started with Hames and Woodward, a piano, music and record shop, which he took over when both Hames and Woodward died during the war. Mr Richmond was guest speaker at an informal dinner of the Armstrong St North Traders Association held at the Victoria Hotel on Monday night. At the meeting he was made a life member of the association, with which he had been involved since its inception in 1930. “I can remember when a man on a bicycle with a little ladder on his backrode up the street with a long stick and turned on the gas lights under the verandahs,” he said. “It was around that time when there used to be a little man with a broom walking up and down the street, sweeping away what was left behind by horses. “There also used to be a bellringer who would walk up and down Armstrong street announcing a sale in a shop. He used to have a tall black hat, a large black frock coat and had a large mustache.” “Up to 1936, there used to be regular visits by street musicians, who were usually good for a few laughs.” “The last musicians to come through were an Italian trio, who were very good.” Mr Richmond said the depression was a sad time for Armstrong street. “A lot of people had to put their properties up for sale, because not many people could afford to buy things like records then,” he said. Mr Richmond said Fridays were very busy then as it was market day for hundreds of farmers in the area. “The hotels put on extra groomsmen for the stables, and standing in the store I could smell the beer and tobacco drifting down from the hotels.”ballarat, hames, woodward, furniture, richmond, armstrong st nth, shop, street, night

This photograph is held in the Ballaarat Mechanics' Institute Audio Visual Collection. Please contact BMI for all print and usage inquiries. BMI librarian Rosemary McInerney's father George Richmond ran this furnitue business on Armstrong St Nth. Here are his reminiscences of that shoppping area from The Courier March 1st 1978 THE GOOD OLD DAYS IN ARMSTRONG ST. NORTH Mr George Richmond began work in Armstrong street north as a lad in knickerbockers in 1926. He started with Hames and Woodward, a piano, music and record shop, which he took over when both Hames and Woodward died during the war. Mr Richmond was guest speaker at an informal dinner of the Armstrong St North Traders Association held at the Victoria Hotel on Monday night. At the meeting he was made a life member of the association, with which he had been involved since its inception in 1930. “I can remember when a man on a bicycle with a little ladder on his backrode up the street with a long stick and turned on the gas lights under the verandahs,” he said. “It was around that time when there used to be a little man with a broom walking up and down the street, sweeping away what was left behind by horses. “There also used to be a bellringer who would walk up and down Armstrong street announcing a sale in a shop. He used to have a tall black hat, a large black frock coat and had a large mustache.” “Up to 1936, there used to be regular visits by street musicians, who were usually good for a few laughs.” “The last musicians to come through were an Italian trio, who were very good.” Mr Richmond said the depression was a sad time for Armstrong street. “A lot of people had to put their properties up for sale, because not many people could afford to buy things like records then,” he said. Mr Richmond said Fridays were very busy then as it was market day for hundreds of farmers in the area. “The hotels put on extra groomsmen for the stables, and standing in the store I could smell the beer and tobacco drifting down from the hotels.”

This photograph is held in the Ballaarat Mechanics' Institute Audio Visual Collection. Please contact BMI for all print and usage inquiries. BMI librarian Rosemary McInerney's father George Richmond ran this furnitue business on Armstrong St Nth. Here are his reminiscences of that shoppping area from The Courier March 1st 1978 THE GOOD OLD DAYS IN ARMSTRONG ST. NORTH Mr George Richmond began work in Armstrong street north as a lad in knickerbockers in 1926. He started with Hames and Woodward, a piano, music and record shop, which he took over when both Hames and Woodward died during the war. Mr Richmond was guest speaker at an informal dinner of the Armstrong St North Traders Association held at the Victoria Hotel on Monday night. At the meeting he was made a life member of the association, with which he had been involved since its inception in 1930. “I can remember when a man on a bicycle with a little ladder on his backrode up the street with a long stick and turned on the gas lights under the verandahs,” he said. “It was around that time when there used to be a little man with a broom walking up and down the street, sweeping away what was left behind by horses. “There also used to be a bellringer who would walk up and down Armstrong street announcing a sale in a shop. He used to have a tall black hat, a large black frock coat and had a large mustache.” “Up to 1936, there used to be regular visits by street musicians, who were usually good for a few laughs.” “The last musicians to come through were an Italian trio, who were very good.” Mr Richmond said the depression was a sad time for Armstrong street. “A lot of people had to put their properties up for sale, because not many people could afford to buy things like records then,” he said. Mr Richmond said Fridays were very busy then as it was market day for hundreds of farmers in the area. “The hotels put on extra groomsmen for the stables, and standing in the store I could smell the beer and tobacco drifting down from the hotels.”ballarat, hames, woodward, furniture, richmond, armstrong st nth, shop

a & b/ Grand Variety Concert, Kiwanis Club of Bendigo. J B Osborne Theatre, Kangaroo Flat, Bendigo. 7.30pm Saturday, 4th September 1993. What Is A Kiwanian? A Kiwanian is a person of good character who adheres to the standards of good conduct in the community and believes . .. Kiwanis Club of Bendigo All the performers in tonight's program have given. .. The Kiwanis Story Kiwanis was founded in Detroit, Michigan, USA. January 21, 1915. The name 'Kiwanis' is taken from an Indian term 'Nun Kiwanis', which roughly means 'Self Expression'. .. Acknowledgements: Official Accompanist - Leila Watson, Stage Manager - Rod Symes, Sound System - Bendigo Audio Productions, Ticket Sales - Collins Booksellers, News Media - Bendigo Advertiser, Lighting - David Wilkinson. Coca Cola Operations. Underprivileged Children, A Kiwanis Concern. Program, Alan Douglas, President, Kiwanis Club, Bendigo. Bendigo Youth Orchestra - Conducted by Daniel Herbst. Valerie Broad Melodic Memories. Sandhurst Drummers - Drum Song. Shantelle Ackland - Grace and Beauty. Aaron Shelton - Tapping Tempo. Neil Cox - Keyboard Carousel. Carlie Sutton and Christy Brain - Boogie Woogie. Tatiana Macura & Alison Grenfell - Voices In Spring. Jack Paynting & Norm Fildew - Comedy Capers. Mi Casa Singers - Harvest of Harmony. Sung-a-long 'You in my Eyes' Lyrics: Rick Norris, Music: Ron Kruze. Bendigo Gym Centre - Creating Magic in the Air, Trainer John Palmer. Janine Giri - Vocal 'Feat'. Estelle Randall - Terse Verse. Kathryn & Christopher Field - Music Maestros. Christy Brain & Carlie Sutton - Beauty & Ballet. Nadine Ellery - 'Dream Time'. Jonathan Cox - Magic of Music. Anton Theatrical Dance Company - Sound of C. Compere: Valerie Broad. Advertisement: Gillies, Pies & Pasties. ''Get me a Gillies''.program, theatre, grand variey concert, kiwanis, a & b/ grand variety concert, kiwanis club of bendigo. j b osborne theatre, kangaroo flat, bendigo. 7.30pm saturday, 4th september 1993. what is a kiwanian?. .. kiwanis founded in detroit, michigan, usa., 1915. the name 'kiwanis' is taken. ..: official accompanist - leila watson, stage manager - rod symes, sound system - bendigo audio productions, collins booksellers, news media - bendigo advertiser, lighting - david wilkinson. coca cola operations. underprivileged children, a kiwanis concern. program, alan douglas, president, kiwanis club, bendigo. bendigo youth orchestra - conducted by daniel herbst. valerie broad melodic memories. sandhurst drummers - drum song. shantelle ackland - grace and beauty. aaron shelton - tapping tempo. neil cox - keyboard carousel. carlie sutton and christy brain - boogie woogie. tatiana macura & alison grenfell - voices in spring. jack paynting & norm fildew - comedy capers. mi casa singers - harvest of harmony. sung-a-long 'you in my eyes' lyrics: rick norris, music: ron kruze. bendigo gym centre - creating magic in the air, trainer john palmer. janine giri - vocal 'feat'. estelle randall - terse verse. kathryn & christopher field - music maestros. christy brain & carlie sutton - beauty & ballet. nadine ellery - 'dream time'. jonathan cox - magic of music. anton theatrical dance company - sound of c. compere: valerie broad. gillies, pies & pasties. ''get me a gillies''.

Ballet Victoria On Tour, Bendigo, 20 June. Program. Articles on: Elaine Fifield, Rex McNeill and Laurel Martyn. Photographs of: Elaine Fifield, Rex McNeill, Laurel Martyn, Julie Mann, John Nunn, Margaret Wilson, Dianne Parrington, Sherril Smith, Robyn Niblett, David Pierce and Halina Zdanowicz. Ballet Victoria. Artist Director: Laurel Martyn. Administrator: Peter K Burch. Artists: Elaine Fifield, Rex McNeill, Dianne Parrington, Sherril Smith, John Nunn, David Pierce, Julie Mann, Margaret Wilson, Robyn Niblett, Halina Zdanowicz, Gaye Sinclair. Administration: Maurice Scott, Stefan Wenczel, Jennie Miles, Val Baenziger, Arthur Turnbull, Janina Cunovas, Stefan Wenczel, Richard Divall, William Ilster, William Baxter, Luba Nedbajlo, Athol Shmith & John Cato. Production: Graham McGuffie, Barry N W Benson, David Brindley, Judith Allen & Judith Sinclair. Head office and Studios: 49 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Victoria, 3053. Short articles with photos of; Elaine Fifield, Rex McNeill and Laurel Martyn. Photographs of Julie Mann, John Nunn, Margaret Wilson, Dianne Parrington, Sherril Smith, Robyn Niblett, David Pierce and Halina Zdanowicz. The Victorian Ballet Guild Patron: The Lady Casey. Chairman: W C Jewell. Directors: Harold Badger, Brian Dixon, MLA. L St. B Foster, R N Grove, G J Troup, J Scandrett. Ballet Victoria Production Credits: Lighting for all Ballets was designed by Graham McGuffie. Shoes and tights supplied by Martin's Ballet Boutique Advance Manager's car supplied by AVIS Rent-A-Car Audio consultant Graeme Thorne All scenery and costumes made in the Ballet Victoria workshops. Ballet Victoria wishes to particularly express its gratitude to Dame Peggy van Praagh, D.B.E., Co-Artistic Director . . . 20 June Bendigo. Some advertisements also appear in program.Kenneth James Print Melbourneentertainment, theatre, ballet victoria, ballet victoria on tour, bendigo, 20 june. program. articles on: elaine fifield, rex mcneill and laurel martyn. photographs of: elaine fifield, rex mcneill, laurel martyn, julie mann, john nunn, margaret wilson, dianne parrington, sherril smith, robyn niblett, david pierce and halina zdanowicz.. artist director: laurel martyn. administrator: peter k burch. artists: elaine fifield, rex mcneill, dianne parrington, sherril smith, john nunn, david pierce, julie mann, margaret wilson, robyn niblett, halina zdanowicz, gaye sinclair. administration: maurice scott, stefan wenczel, jennie miles, val baenziger, arthur turnbull, janina cunovas, stefan wenczel, richard divall, william ilster, william baxter, luba nedbajlo, athol shmith & john cato. production: graham mcguffie, barry n w benson, david brindley, judith allen & judith sinclair. head office and studios: bouverie street, carlton, victoria, . elaine fifield, rex mcneill and laurel martyn. photographs of julie mann, john nunn, margaret wilson, dianne parrington, sherril smith, robyn niblett, david pierce and halina zdanowicz. the lady casey. chairman: w c jewell. directors: harold badger, brian dixon, mla. l st. b foster, r n grove, g j troup, j scandrett. ballet victoria production credits: graham mcguffie. martin's ballet boutique avis rent-a-car audio consultant graeme thorne. dame peggy van praagh, d.b.e., co-artistic director . . . 20 june bendigo. advertisements in program.

Copy of Godfrey Hirst family videos/photograph on CD. Including 1951 floods at Mill. All video content filmed at Godfrey Hirst Woollen Mill, Swanston Street, South Geelong. Godfrey Hirst's children. Family home in Newtown and holiday home in Eastern View.Compact disc (CD) containing colour video footage. Film has no audio content. Visual content outlined below: 00:00 – 00:05 – External view of brick building – Godfrey Hirst & Co. Pty. Ltd. 00:05 – 00:10 – Exterior garden setting, three men in suits with fabrics and object 00:10 – 00:28 – Exterior garden setting showing eight women, most likely on a break from working at the Godfrey Hirst factory. The footage shows them all getting up and walking back towards the building at the end. 00:28 – 00:38 – Exterior garden setting, showing seven men in white shirts and ties seated and standing around a table, turning pages on a folder on the table. 00:38 – 00:52 – Interior factory setting, showing four men in coats handling green and red wool. 00:52 – 1:08 – Three men in suits in an exterior garden setting looking at paperwork. 1:08 – 1:23 – Four men in coats in a garden handling coloured wool samples. 1:23 – 1:42 – Four men in suits in a garden setting handling woven fabric. Two of the men are holding pipes. 1:42 – 1:57 – Interior factory setting showing men operating machinery. 1:57 – 2:05 – Exterior factory setting showing a man driving machinery carting wool bales. 2:05 – 3:14 - Flood scenes, showing the exterior of the Godfrey Hirst building with a man rowing a boat down the street, and a horse and cart in flood waters. There are scenes of flooded streets, exterior of flooded buildings and people standing in flood waters. 3:14 – 3:40 - Interior building views of flood waters in factory with people, machinery, equipment and textiles in flood waters. 3:40 – 4:03 - Exterior views showing a tractor, boat, horse and people in flood waters. 4:03 – 7:02 Exterior setting showing crowds of people watching a fashion parade. The fashion parade is of women in various clothing, including suits jackets, skirts, coats and hats. 7.02 - END"Hirst family films 1936-1964 Incl. Godfrey Hirst and co P/L Woollen mills"geelong, godfrey hirst & co. pty. ltd., family films, factory, flooding, 1950s, wool processing, fashion, textiles, horse and cart, wool bales, transport, machinery, fashion parade, working life

Bill Cahill in conversation at Victoria Hall Melton South July 1974 Chaff Mills Melton’s hey day, as I call it in the days when more hay was grown in Melton and Rockbank than, I’d say in any where in Victoria. We had two chaff mills. If I can remember rightly I’m sure of this, that in one month the amount of hay and chaff that went from Melton to Melbourne was about 1800 tons, that’s hay and chaff. There was a lot of hay went from the Melton Railway Station. I have often seen whole train load going down the Schutt and Barrie, that’s Bonnie’s father’s mill at West Footscray. The mills in those days employed up to from 18- 20 men in each, that was before electricity when the mills were run on steam then, there was no power. At times those chaff mills they got a lot of shipping orders, to the Philipines and other Asian countries. They’d work shifts at night on the second shift at night time they would have an old hurricane lamp hanging above from the ceiling just over the chaff cutter, you could hardly see yourself, or see the anything. Well they worked through the whole night they might have an order come in for perhaps 100tons up 500 tons of chaff to go a boat would be in and be waiting to be loaded in Melbourne and they’d have to go and work two shifts. Then they brought in casual labour to help them through and get the order cut and get it down by rail to ship board to send it away. Talking about the hay I’ve seen wagons of hay in the farmers carting to both mills and also hay going down to West Footscray. There would be a quarter of a mile without exaggeration wagons and teams would be waiting to get into the mill, they would come down at the weighbridge at about 3-4- o’clock, 2 o’clock waiting for the bridge to open to weigh their loads, the ones that would be running late would be there at the weighbridge about half past 7 - 8 o’clock. They would be lucky to get away by night before getting their load off. A funny episode I remember well was a farmer from up, Alan Hurley you would remember him, Sam McCorkell he would put on his load in the afternoon or evening leave it up the yard, and would leave Toolern Vale about 12 or 1 o’clock in the morning and he would get down to the weighbridge and when it was breaking day he would bring half of his fowl yard down with him. The fowls would hop up on top of the load and have a ride down and when it came daylight they’d hop off and away they’d go, and I suppose everybody had some of McCorkells poultry. [laughter from the audience] That always tickled my fancy and everybody would be laughing about the fowls getting off his load of hay. I reckon that was about one of the funniest things I’ve ever heard of. The Victoria Hall, where we are tonight was originally known as the Exford Hall. I believe Bonnie’s father was the original builder and owner of the chaff mills here round the corner which is known as Wards today. Later on I understand that his father had a chaff mill here were this hall is, then Dixon Bros were just a bit on the other side. I believe Bonnie’s father sold it to Dixon Bros, and they shifted this part of the mill here and took it over and joined it up. That’s the history of the early chaff mills. Is that right Bonnie? You might like to correct, I’m about right am I? Bonnie answers yes. The original audio tape was recorded on the reel to reel tape recorder by Bon Barrie using his own tape recorder. Transferred to CD by Tom Wood using computer technology capable of adjusting the recording to a legible speed for reproduction to compact disk. Bill Cahill article featured in the The Mail Expresslocal identities

White paper poster with black text and drawing of a woman in front of some gruesome looking people. The the poster was for a State College Victoria (formerly Ballarat Teachers' College) production held at the college hall in Gillies Street, Ballarat.Front: "S.C.V. Ballarat, formerly - Teachers Collge, Lysistrata, in the College Hall, Friday and Saturday, 12th and 13th, and Wednesday to Saturday, 17th to 20th July, 1974, at 8 pm, Admission - $1.00 Students, $1.50 non students, Bookings - Phone 341 202" Back: "Lysistrata, by Aristophanes, CAST LIST, Lysistrata: Liz Stubbs, Kalonike: Joy Dunstan, Lampito: Jenny Tait, Myrrhine: Denise Maroney, Stratyllis: Ann Bilston, Interviewer: Tina Conroy, Kinesias: Michael Russo, Police Commisioner: Tony Ryan, Spartan Ambassador: Terrence Dorian, Spartan Herald; Shane Quick. WOMEN'S CHORUS, Sue Richards, Tina Conroy, Ann Bilston, Anne Giles, Glenda Hamilton, Janette Marshall, Gillian Hogan, Janine Grieg, Robyn Stanesby, Stephanie Buchanan, Janeen McCullough, Wendy Gray, Elizabeth Evans, Jenny Tait (Leader of Spartans), Mary Staindl, Barbara Price. MEN'S CHORUS, John Rowe, Stephen Schneider, Chris Slater, Peter Hassell, Errol Elbourne, Peter Orford, Kieth McDougall,Terrence Dorian, Robbie Eastcott, Shane Quick, Gary Oliver. MUSIC, Piano: Robbie Eastcott. Drums: Alex Traianou. Congas: David Murphy. Rhythm Guitar: Kim Hatcher. Bass Guitar: Shane Quick. Clarinet: Steve Albon. Flute: Tina Conroy. Acoustic Guitar: Tony Ryan. TECHNICAL CREW, Lighting: Austin Rickell, Sound: Stuart Tolliday, Keith McIvor, Design: Bruce Miller, Terrence Dorian, Set Construction: Bruce Miller, Terrence Dorian, Ken Jones, Choreograph: Cheryl Brown, Costumes: Gillian Hogan, Mary Staindl, Props: Denise Maroney, Jenny Tait, Publicity and Front of House: Ruth Newall. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, Meena Bazaar for the Jug, Turner Audio Systems. DIRECTED BY, Miichael D. Edwards. DIRECTOR'S NOTE, The sexual power of women is all persuasive. If, as Germaine Greer says, they stopped loving the victors, there would be genuine revolution. The idea of a sex strike to stop a war seems preposterous.... What else is left to the aware but politically emasculated woman? Aristophanes, like us, had been appalled by a pointless and hopeless war. Outrageous indignation had failed to stop it - so he resorted to comic absurdity; perhaps to shame the warmakers. Our version of the play is colloquial and probably ' in vogue'. It is colorful, musical, flippant, and not a little risque. It is, however, based on an awareness of the power of sex roles and the arrogance of a male-dominated society and a profound sense of frustration at the apparently immovable forces that make our wars and enact repression in all its forms."ballarat teachers' college, production, state college of victoria, ballarat, gillies street, liz stubbs, joy dunstan, jenny tait, denise maroney, ann bilston, tina conroy, michael russo, tony ryan, terrence doran, shane quick, sue richards, anne gillies, glenda hamilton, janette marshall, gillian hogan, janine grieg, robyn stanseby, stephanie buchanan, janeen mccillough, wendy gray, elizabeth evans, mary staindl, barbara price, john rowe, jeff moore, stephen schneider, chris slater, peter hassell, errol elbourne, peter orford, keith mcdougall, terrance doran, robbie eastcott, gary oliver, david murphy, alex traianou, kim hatcher, steve albon, austin rickell, stuart tolliday, keith mcivor, bruce miller, ken jones, cheryl brown, ruth newall, michael d. edwards, norman lindsay

Bendigo Easter Fair Festival Program, 26-31 March, 1997. Festival Features, Evening of Art & Classical Music, Rotary Club of Bendigo. VicHealth Easter Fest, Victorian Health Promotion Foundation & Bendigo Community Health Services. Fine Food Fest. Free Stage. Free Evening Concert & Fireworks, Zaire. Torchlight Procession, sponsored by Prime TV & Coca Cola, Bendigo Market Place. Fireworks Spectacular, Sponsored by Bendigo Market Place & Prime TV. Street Fiesta, sponsored by Arts Victoria. Street Extravaganza, Coca Cola Carnival, Sponsored by Coca Cola. Star for a Day, Power Audio Visual & Prime Television. Handcraft Bazaar, Rotary Club of Bendigo Sandhurst Art & Craft Market. Cosmopolitan Street Café, Arts Victoria. Awakening of the Dragon, Bendigo Chinese Association. Gala Parade, Prime Television & Coca Cola. Firewalking by the Australian Skeptics, Discovery Science & Technology Centre. Up In Flames, Discovery Science & Technology Centre. Barry Kenny's Country Roundup, Nadort Promotions. School's Day. Teddy Bear's Picnic, Dragon City Marshals. Fire Brigades Children's Carnival. Family Event, Bendigo Minister's Fellowship. Bendigo Easter Antique Fair. Historic Photographic Exhibition, Burt Sargent Circa 1900. Open Garden at Nanga Gnulle (''nanga nully''). A parade of Quilts, Strathdale Bendigo Quilters Inc. Tasting the Life, Gail Tavener Studio. Snakes Alive Dangerous Australians, BRIT. Y's Men's Club of Bendigo Book Fair, YMCA. Bendigo Camera Club, BRIT. Bendigo Woodcraft Exhibition, Woodturners Bendigo Inc. Autumn Bonsai, Bendigo Bonsai Club. Convocation, National Trust Bendigo. Arms & Collectables, Golden City Collectors Assoc. In. Rotary Art Show. Rotary Pottery Exhibition. Women's Vision For The Church, Provincial Council of Mothers Union. Historic Toorak House, Lioness Club of Golden City Bendigo. White Hills Cemetery. Bendigo Cemetery. Festival of Flowers, Craft & Garden, Bendigo Jockey Club. Shannons Corporation Motorfest, City Drive Through, Static Display, Motorkhana, Time Trial. Bendigo Bank Dragon Mile. Volkswagen Car Show, a part of the 28th National Bug-In. Repco Cycles, Australian Veteran Cycling Council Inc. Championships. Under 17 Australian Badminton Championships. Palm Sunday, Bendigo Symphony Orchestra. Way of the Cross, Bendigo's Combined Churches. The Easter Story, Kangfluca Music. Sunrise Church Service, Bendigo Ministers' Fellowship. Map of CBD Advertisements: Bendigo Easter Antique Fair. Austar. Bendigo Art Gallery. Bendigo Visitor Information Centre. Prime. Golden Dragon Museum Inc. Bendigo Heritage Tours. Discovery Science & Technology Centre Bendigo. Sponsors: Sandhurst Trustees, Prime, Vic Health, ABC Radio, Arts Victoria, Coca Cola, Events Bendigo, City Of Greater Bendigo, Bendigo Community Health Services, Shannons., Morris Design PH 5448 8777Morris Designevent, easter fair, bendigo easter fair, bendigo easter fair festival program, 26-31 march, 1997. festival features, evening of art & classical music, easter fest, . fine food fest. free stage. free evening concert & fireworks. torchlight procession. fireworks spectacular, street fiesta, street extravaganza, coca cola carnival, star for a day, handcraft bazaar, art & craft market. cosmopolitan street café, awakening of the dragon. gala parade, firewalking australian skeptics, discovery science & technology centre. up in flames, barry kenny's country roundup, nadort promotions. school's day. teddy bear's picnic, fire brigades children's carnival. family event, bendigo minister's fellowship. antique fair. photographic exhibition, burt sargent circa 1900. open garden nanga gnulle a parade of quilts, strathdale bendigo quilters inc. tasting the life, gail tavener studio. snakes alive dangerous australians, brit. book fair, ymca. bendigo camera club, brit. bendigo woodcraft exhibition, woodturners bendigo inc. autumn bonsai, bendigo bonsai club. convocation, national trust bendigo. arms & collectables, golden city collectors assoc. art show. pottery exhibition. women's vision for the church, provincial council of mothers union. historic toorak house, lioness club. white hills cemetery. bendigo cemetery. festival of flowers, craft & garden, bendigo jockey club. motorfest, drive through, static display, motorkhana, time trial. dragon mile. volkswagen car show, national bug-in. repco cycles, australian veteran cycling council inc. championships. under 17 australian badminton championships. palm sunday, bendigo symphony orchestra. way of the cross, bendigo's combined churches. the easter story, kangfluca music. sunrise church service, bendigo ministers' fellowship. map of cbd advertisements: antique fair. golden dragon museum inc. bendigo heritage tours. discovery science & technology centre bendigo. sponsors: sandhurst trustees, vic health, abc radio, arts victoria, coca cola, events bendigo, city of greater bendigo, bendigo community health services, shannons., morris design. prime tv. austar. bendigo art gallery. bendigo visitor information centre. prime, victorian health promotion foundation, zaire, sponsored by bendigo market place & prime tv, sponsored by arts victoria, sponsored coca cola, power audio visual, rotary club of bendigo sandhurst, bendigo chinese association, y's men's club of bendigo

The Orford family, a pioneer family remained continuously living and working in Eltham for 170 years from 1854 to 2024. James and Sarah Orford arrived in Sydney in 1839 aboard the ship “Orestes”; they had several children there before settling in Eltham in 1854. Three children, James Mathias, Sarah Amelia and Thomas Henry initially remained in the Eltham area. James eventually moved to Brunswick. Sarah married Arthur Butler Young and finally lived in Bunyip. Thomas who was six years old when the family arrived in 1854 remained in Eltham, married Helen Logan who died, leaving a large family. They lived in a slab hut by the Yarra at Laughing Waters and Thomas managed the Panton Park Estate, a selection owned by Magistrate Thomas Panton. Thomas’s son, Ernest Orford was born 1892 at Pitt Street, Eltham and also lived his entire life in Eltham working as a labourer, orchardist and later as a gardener and grounds keeper for Sir William Irvine, a former Chief Justice and Premier of Victoria. Ernest married Kate Thomas; their two sons Ron and Doug stayed in the area. Another of Thomas' sons, Arthur, also lived in Eltham. Four Orford generations attended Eltham schools. Doug Orford was born on the kitchen table (reference, son Ted Orford) of the family home at the corner of Reynolds Road and Mount Pleasant Road. Doug married Gwen and they established a family however Gwen died at a young age from cancer. Doug eventually remarried another Gwen and they lived for several decades in Napoleon Street, Eltham. Doug was actively involved in EDHS over many years, including serving as a committee member and vice president. Contributions by Doug and Gwen (Treasurer/Membership Secretary), his wife, assisted EDHS to continue to develop as a not-for-profit group intent on promoting and preserving our local history. Both Doug and Gwen were made Life Members of EDHS. They also acted as EDHS delegates to the Eastern Region of Historical Societies. His significant work with assisting to establish our valued Local History Centre helped develop our home base and supported the continued growth of our society. Doug’s local knowledge, suggestions and family connections were highly valued, Until recent times, he continued to regularly attend our Collections Team workshops providing his insights and historical information about photographs and society records. Doug died peacefully July 8, 2024, and represents the last link in the Orford Eltham chain which spanned 170 years. His funeral was held Thursday, July 18, 2024, at Le Pine Funerals, 848 Main Road, Eltham. Contents: Typed notes, no date: Memories of Ernest Orford [taped 1979] about his school days. Handwritten notes, no date: History of Ernie Orford Typed notes, no date: History of Thomas Henry Orford and family. Photocopy: Shire of Eltham General Rate Receipts. Received from D Orford 7 June 1923 and Received from E F Orford, 4 August 1924. Letter, no date: Nillumbik Shire to Russell Yeoman, Gwen Orford to receive Volunteer Recognition Award. Newsletter article: "The Orford Family, Eltham", Shire of Eltham Historical Society, No.80 September 1991. History of Orford family. Handwritten notes: 21 March 2011, genealogy of George Orford. On reverse Melways map makred with Orford and other land ownerships. Newspaper advertisement, 21 March 2011: "264 Reynolds Road, South Eltham", property for sale [land in ownership of Orford family]. Letter: St Margaret's Anglican Church Eltham to Doug Orford, 17 November 2011, Extracts from church records relative to Orford family. Newspaper article: "Timely facelift at war memorials', Diamond Valley Leader, 30 April 2024, Nillumbik war memorial will have some work and a bronze plaque will be installed at the Eltham Avenue of Honour, Wingrove Park; photograph of Doug Orford Newsletter item: "Welcome home medal", Eltham District Historical Society newsletter no.216 May 2014, World War I two 'Welcome Home Medals' in ownership of local men, being Harry Gilham and Doug Orford. Order of Service, Le Pine Funerals (Eltham), In Loving Memory of Douglas Frederick Orford 22nd August 1929 - 8th July 2024 Doug Orford Reminiscences (2002) in conjunction with Jock Read and Peter Bassett Smith; 4 pages - 3 typed, 1 handwritten possibly transcribed from an audio tape recording (location unknown). New word file and associated pdf created [\Dropbox\EDHS DATA\DOCUMENTS\COLLECTION CATALOGUE DOCUMENTS AND PDFs\2-2 Family Folders\EDHS_06110-2 Doug Orford reminiscences 2002.docx - 1 April 2025]Newspaper clippings, A4 photocopies, etcdoug orford, harry gilham, welcome home medal, eltham avenue of honour, nillumbik war memorial, wingrove park, henry dendy, alfred armstrong, james orford, 264 reynolds road south eltham, george orford, george joseph orford, maryanne george joseph, thomas henry orford, ernest orford, e f orford, eltham cemetery, helen orford, joseph panton, panton park, gordon lyon, banyule estate heidelberg, james matthias orford, wurundjeri, constable peter lawlor, george hill, franklin street eltham, ronald orford, eltham primary school, john brown, robert gamble school inspector, sarah orford, mary ann orford, james mathias orford, sarah amelia orford, james peet, arthur butler young, watsons creek victoria, kangaroo ground victoria, helen logan, william orford, jane orford, arthur orford, frederick orford, florrie orford, victor orford, chem orford, sunnymede eltham, panton hill estate, sir william irvine, gordon lyons, kate thomas, north eltham gospel church, harold clapp, eltham cricket club, research primary school, dalton street school eltham, keith banks, betty banks, benjamine boyd, laughing waters road eltham, freddie gilsinen, douglas frederick orford, eltham district historical society, funeral service, le pine funeral home, life member, order of service, 1934 flood, 1939 bushfires, alcock & pierce, ansell, associated schools sports, blacksmith shop, boakes, bridge street, bryce family, bullock track, butcher, catholic church, cliff lester, cliffy green, daisy smith, dave lyon, diamond creek, diana bassett smith, dick tooth, dr. frank may, eltham higher elementary school, ernie andrew, fire station, flower stall, fodder business, fruit shop, furniture store, gahan family, garni burges, greensborough, harold norman, harry hawker, hat factory, hawker & owen, hay and com store, henry hawker, henry street, j .harry butherway, jack burgoyne, jack ryan, jock read, john lyon, junk yard, kevin gahan, kilpatricks, len parsons, lyon family, machine factory, mc leans, memorial, metery road, miss reynolds, monteith 's bus, mr. gadd, mrs. bird, mrs. morrison, napoleon street, peter bassett smith, peter's gahan, plenty river, plumridge, produce store, public hall, rechabite hall, reynolds road, roger bird, rutter family, ryan family, shoe factory., staffs produce store, studley cairn gahan, sweeneys lane, swimming pool, taylor street, tennis court, warren family, wooden bridge, yarra brae road

1. Language Revitalization: An Overview /? Leanne Hinton 2. Diversity in Local Language Maintenance and Restoration: A Reason For Optimism /? Anna Ash, Jessie Little Doe Fermino and Ken Hale 3. Federal Language Policy and Indigenous Languages in the United States /? Leanne Hinton 4. "... To Help Assure the Survival and Continuing Vitality of Native American Languages" /? Robert D. Arnold 5. Language Planning /? Leanne Hinton Introduction to the Pueblo Languages /? Leanne Hinton 6. Native Language Planning: A Pilot Process in the Acoma Pueblo Community /? Christine P. Sims 7. The Key To Cultural Survival: Language Planning and Revitalization in the Pueblo de Cochiti /? Regis Pecos and Rebecca Blum-Martinez The Navajo Language: I /? Ken Hale 8. Navajo Head Start Language Study /? Paul R. Platero 9. Introduction to Revitalization of National Indigenous Languages /? Leanne Hinton Introduction to the Welsh Language /? Leanne Hinton 10. Welsh: A European Case of Language Maintenance /? Gerald Morgan Introduction to the Maori Language /? Ken Hale 11. Te Kohanga Reo: Maori Language Revitalization /? Jeanette King An Introduction to the Hawaiian Language /? Leanne Hinton 12. The Movement to Revitalize Hawaiian Language and Culture /? Sam L. No'Eau Warner 13. "Mai Loko Mai O Ka 'I'ini: Proceeding from a Dream": The 'Aha Punana Leo Connection in Hawaiian Language Revitalization /? William H. Wilson and Kauanoe Kamana 14. Teaching Methods /? Leanne Hinton The Karuk Language /? Leanne Hinton 15. Teaching Well, Learning Quickly: Communication-Based Language Instruction /? Terry Supahan and Sarah E. Supahan The Navajo Language: II /? Ken Hale 16. Tsehootsooidi Olta'gi Dine Bizaad Bihoo'aah: A Navajo Immersion Program at Fort Defiance, Arizona /? Marie Arviso and Wayne Holm 17. The Master-Apprentice Language Learning Program /? Leanne Hinton 18. Linguistic Aspects of Language Teaching and Learning in Immersion Contexts /? Ken Hale 19. New Writing Systems /? Leanne Hinton An Introduction to Paiute /? Leanne Hinton and Ken Hale 20. Language Revitalization in the San Juan Paiute Community and the Role of a Paiute Constitution /? Pamela Bunte and Robert Franklin 21. Audio-Video Documentation /? Leanne Hinton Australian Languages /? Ken Hale 22. Strict Locality in Local Language Media: An Australian Example /? Ken Hale The Arapaho Language /? Ken Hale 23. Reflections on the Arapaho Language Project, or When Bambi Spoke Arapaho and Other Tales of Arapaho Language Revitalization Efforts /? Stephen Greymorning Irish /? Ken Hale 24. Continuity and Vitality: Expanding Domains through Irish-Language Radio /? Colleen Cotter The Mono Language /? Ken Hale 25. On Using Multimedia in Language Renewal: Observations from Making the CD-ROM Taitaduhaan /? Paul V. Kroskrity and Jennifer F. Reynolds 26. Can the Web Help Save My Language? /? Laura Buszard-Welcher 27. Training People to Teach Their Language /? Leanne Hinton Inuttut and Innu-aimun /? Ken Hale 28. The Role of the University in the Training of Native Language Teachers: Labrador /? Alana Johns and Irene Mazurkewich Languages of Arizona, Southern California, and Oklahoma /? Leanne Hinton 29. Indigenous Educators as Change Agents: Case Studies of Two Language Institutes /? Teresa L. McCarty, Lucille J. Watahomigie and Akira Y. Yamamoto /? [et al.] The Navajo Language: III /? Ken Hale 30. Promoting Advanced Navajo Language Scholarship /? Clay Slate 31. Sleeping Languages: Can They Be Awakened? /? Leanne Hinton 32. The Use of Linguistic Archives in Language Revitalization: The Native California Language Restoration Workshop /? Leanne Hinton The Ohlone Languages /? Leanne Hinton 33. New Life for a Lost Language /? Linda Yamane.Maps, b&w photographs, tables, word listslanguage policy, language planning, language maintenance, language revitalization, language immersion, language literacy, media and technology, language education and training, sleeping languages, navajo, arapaho

Darkness and a little light: ?Race? and sport in Australia Colin Tatz (AIATSIS & Australian National University) and Daryl Adair (University of Technology Sydney) Despite ?the wonderful and chaotic universe of clashing colors, temperaments and emotions, of brave deeds against odds seemingly insuperable?, sport is mixed with ?mean and shameful acts of pure skullduggery?, villainy, cowardice, depravity, rapaciousness and malice. Thus wrote celebrated American novelist Paul Gallico on the eve of the Second World War (Gallico 1938 [1988]:9-10). An acute enough observation about society in general, his farewell to sports writing also captures the ?clashing colors? in Australian sport. In this ?land of the fair go?, we look at the malice of racism in the arenas where, as custom might have it, one would least want or expect to find it. The history of the connection between sport, race and society - the long past, the recent past and the social present - is commonly dark and ugly but some light and decency are just becoming visible. Coming to terms: ?Race?, ethnicity, identity and Aboriginality in sport Colin Tatz (AIATSIS & Australian National University) Notions of genetic superiority have led to some of the world?s greatest human calamities. Just as social scientists thought that racial anthropology and biology had ended with the cataclysm of the Second World War, so some influential researchers and sports commentators have rekindled the pre-war debate about the muscular merits of ?races? in a new discipline that Nyborg (1994) calls the ?science of physicology?. The more recent realm of racial ?athletic genes?, especially within socially constructed black athletic communities, may intend no malice but this search for the keys to their success may well revive the old, discredited discourses. This critical commentary shows what can happen when some population geneticists and sports writers ignore history and when medical, biological and sporting doctrines deriving from ?race? are dislocated from any historical, geographic, cultural and social contexts. Understanding discourses about race, racism, ethnicity, otherness, identity and Aboriginality are essential if sense, or nonsense, is to be made of genetic/racial ?explanations? of sporting excellence. Between the two major wars boxing was, disproportionately, a Jewish sport; Kenyans and Ethiopians now ?own? middle- and long-distance running and Jamaicans the shorter events; South Koreans dominate women?s professional golf. This essay explores the various explanations put forward for such ?statistical domination?: genes, biochemistry, biomechanics, history, culture, social dynamics, the search for identity, alienation, need, chance, circumstances, and personal bent or aptitude. Traditional games of a timeless land: Play cultures in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities Ken Edwards (University of Southern Queensland) Sports history in Australia has focused almost entirely on modern, Eurocentric sports and has therefore largely ignored the multitude of unique pre- European games that are, or once were, played. The area of traditional games, especially those of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, is an important aspect of the cultural, social and historical experiences of Indigenous communities. These activities include customs of play that are normally not associated with European notions of competitive sport. Overall, this paper surveys research undertaken into traditional games among Indigenous Australians, as well as proposals for much needed further study in this area. Culture, ?race? and discrimination in the 1868 Aboriginal cricket tour of England David Sampson As a consequence of John Mulvaney?s important historical research, the Aboriginal cricket and performance tour of Britain in 1868 has in recent decades become established as perhaps the most famous of all public events in contact history involving Aborigines, white settlers and the British metropolis. Although recognition of its importance is welcome and significant, public commemorations of the tour have enveloped the tour in mythologies of cricket and nation. Such mythologies have obscured fundamental aspects of the tour that were inescapable racial and colonial realities of the Victorian era. This reappraisal of the tour explores the centrality of racial ideology, racial science and racial power imbalances that enabled, created and shaped the tour. By exploring beyond cricketing mythology, it restores the central importance of the spectacular performances of Aboriginal skills without which the tour would have been impossible. Such a reappraisal seeks to fully recognise the often trivialised non-cricketing expertise of all of the Aboriginal performers in 1868 for their achievement of pioneering their unique culture, skills and technologies to a mass international audience. Football, ?race? and resistance: The Darwin Football League, 1926?29 Matthew Stephen (Northern Territory Archive Service) Darwin was a diverse but deeply divided society in the early twentieth century. The Commonwealth Government introduced the Aboriginals Ordinance 1911 in the Northern Territory, instituting state surveillance, control and a racially segregated hierarchy of whites foremost, then Asians, ?Coloureds? (Aborigines and others of mixed descent) and, lastly, the so-called ?full-blood? Aborigines. Sport was important in scaffolding this stratification. Whites believed that sport was their private domain and strictly controlled non-white participation. Australian Rules football, established in Darwin from 1916, was the first sport in which ?Coloured? sportsmen challenged this domination. Football became a battleground for recognition, rights and identity for all groups. The ?Coloured? community embraced its team, Vesteys, which dominated the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL) in the 1920s. In 1926, amidst growing racial tension, the white-administered NTFL changed its constitution to exclude non-white players. In reaction, ?Coloured? and Chinese footballers formed their own competition - the Darwin Football League (DFL). The saga of that colour bar is an important chapter in Australia?s football history, yet it has faded from Darwin?s social memory and is almost unknown among historians. That picture - Nicky Winmar and the history of an image Matthew Klugman (Victoria University) and Gary Osmond (The University of Queensland) In April 1993 Australian Rules footballer Nicky Winmar responded to on-field racist abuse by lifting his jersey and pointing to his chest. The photographic image of that event is now famous as a response to racial abuse and has come to be seen as starting a movement against racism in football. The racial connotations in the image might seem a foregone conclusion: the power, appeal and dominant meaning of the photograph might appear to be self-evident. But neither the fame of the image nor its racial connotation was automatic. Through interviews with the photographers and analysis of the use of the image in the media, we explore how that picture came to be of such symbolic importance, and how it has remained something to be re-shown and emulated. Rather than analyse the image as a photograph or work of art, we uncover some of its early history and explore the debates that continue to swirl around its purpose and meaning. We also draw attention to the way the careful study of photographs might enhance the study of sport, race and racism. ?She?s not one of us?: Cathy Freeman and the place of Aboriginal people in Australian national culture Toni Bruce (University of Waikato) and Emma Wensing (Independent scholar) The Sydney 2000 Olympic Games generated a national media celebration of Aboriginal 400 metre runner Cathy Freeman. The construction of Freeman as the symbol of national reconciliation was evident in print and on television, the Internet and radio. In contrast to this celebration of Freeman, the letters to the editor sections of 11 major newspapers became sites for competing claims over what constitutes Australian identity and the place of Aboriginal people in national culture. We analyse this under-explored medium of opinion and discuss how the deep feelings evident in these letters, and the often vitriolic responses to them, illustrate some of the enduring racial tensions in Australian society. Sport, physical activity and urban Indigenous young people Alison Nelson (The University of Queensland) This paper challenges some of the commonly held assumptions and ?knowledges? about Indigenous young people and their engagement in physical activity. These include their ?natural? ability, and the use of sport as a panacea for health, education and behavioural issues. Data is presented from qualitative research undertaken with a group of 14 urban Indigenous young people with a view to ?speaking back? to these commentaries. This research draws on Critical Race Theory in order to make visible the taken-for-granted assumptions about Indigenous Australians made by the dominant white, Western culture. Multiple, shifting and complex identities were expressed in the young people?s articulation of the place and meaning of sport and physical activity in their lives. They both engaged in, and resisted, dominant Western discourses regarding representations of Indigenous people in sport. The paper gives voice to these young people in an attempt to disrupt and subvert hegemonic discourses. An unwanted corroboree: The politics of the New South Wales Aboriginal Rugby League Knockout Heidi Norman (University of Technology Sydney) The annual New South Wales Aboriginal Rugby League Knockout is so much more than a sporting event. Involving a high level of organisation, it is both a social and cultural coming together of diverse communities for a social and cultural experience considered ?bigger than Christmas?. As if the planning and logistics were not difficult enough, the rotating-venue Knockout has been beset, especially since the late 1980s and 1990s, by layers of opposition and open hostility based on ?race?: from country town newspapers, local town and shire councils, local business houses and, inevitably, the local police. A few towns have welcomed the event, seeing economic advantage and community good will for all. Commonly, the Aboriginal ?influx? of visitors and players - people perceived as ?strangers?, ?outsiders?, ?non-taxpayers? - provoked public fear about crime waves, violence and physical safety, requiring heavy policing. Without exception, these racist expectations were shown to be totally unfounded. Research report: Recent advances in digital audio recorder technology provide considerable advantages in terms of cost and portability for language workers.b&w photographs, colour photographs, tablessport and race, racism, cathy freeman, nicky winmar, rugby league, afl, athletics, cricket, digital audio recorders

One small "His Master's Voice" tin of gramophone needles. One small round baking powder box of gramophone needles.Tin lid - His Masters voice Loud Tone Round lid - Use Fountain Baking Powdergramophone-needles audio his-master's-voice

Used by Mr E. F. Reynolds, who conducted a hardware and tinsmith shop in Orbost until 1905. He married Elizabeth Davidson.The stereoscope became popular after being exhibited at the Crystal Palace Exhibition in London. The stereoscope is an instrument that unites images that are seen differently by each eye into one image creating a three-dimensional scene that allows the viewer to experience depth. The stereoscope is especially important to landscape photographers helping them to equally represent a landscape from two different points of sight. The stereoscope was a model for the creation of the Viewfinder in the 1950's, a popular children's toy. Small stereoscope with wire rack for viewing photos. Wooden eye mask.stereoscope reynolds-edward audio-visual appliances

This is a wood stereoviewer with folding handle The viewer has two lenses at a set distance in the wooden hood which is lined in green velvet. The pictures can be moved vertically on the slide holder in order to focus them. These devices became popular in the middle of the 19th century. This is probably a Holmes type stereoscope, named after its inventor, Oliver Wendell Holmes (1860). Velvet lined view mask with engravwed patterns. Frame is silky oak wood with a handle underneath.stereoscope audio-visual appliances

One box of assorted stereoscopic sepia photos. A pile of loose cards - assorted scenes.On lid-"The Rose Stereographs". On photos-Copywright -1914 by Geo. Rose. Back of some cards-handwritten J. McDonald. Each card is numbered. Stamped -Herodotus Studio - Hawthorne G.C. Greenham photographersteregraph postcards audio-visual rose-stereograph

Until late 1925, all record players reproduced sound by purely mechanical means and relied on a so-called "amplifying" horn to efficiently couple the vibrations of the stylus and diaphragm to the space occupied by the listeners. In 1906, the Victor Talking Machine Company, Columbia's arch competitor, introduced a line of models in which the horn and other hardware were concealed within a cabinet, made to look like fine furniture rather than a mechanical device. They named the new style a "Victrola". It quickly proved to be very popular and successful. Other makers, adopting the distinctive suffix, introduced their own "-ola" internal horn machines, such as Edison's Amberolas and Columbia's Grafonolas. They were soon outselling the external horn models. At first, like nearly all other early record players, all Grafonolas were driven by a spring motor that the user had to wind up with a crank before playing a record. In 1915, Columbia began to introduce electric-motor-driven models, as a majority of urban areas had been wired to electrical grids. The electrified Grafonolas supported both alternating and direct currents from 110 to 220 volts. Electrified Grafonolas never gained the popularity enjoyed by the spring motor-driven versions due to substantially higher prices and a lack of electrical service in rural areas. Grafonolas were manufactured under the 1886 United States Letters Patent No. 341,214 which Columbia Graphophone company acquired through its predecessor American Graphophone Company. Two models were available; a portable table model and bigger stationary floor model, offering limited mobility through the application of casters. The most notable table models included Grafonola Favorite introduced in 1911 and Grafonola Savoy introduced in 1915. The most notable floor models included Grafonola Symphony Grand introduced in 1907, Grafonola Regent introduced in 1909, Columbia Mignon introduced in 1910, Grafonola Princess introduced in 1911, Columbia Colonial introduced in 1913. Various period Grafonolas were introduced in 1917 to cater to an increasingly prosperous clientele. Columbia Phonograph Company began to manufacture a series of ornate, limited edition period machines. These were highly priced (some as high as US$2,100 ) special orders that provided consumers with options to choose styles which matched their interior décor. Although the Gramophone does not have a large monetary value, it is of social significance as it demonstrates the progress made in audio reproduction from the first Edison cylinder machines to improvements that allowed ordinary people to be able to buy music discs and enjoy music in their own homes. Gramophone with internal horn, floor model, mechanically operated by a crank handle. Colombian Grafonola Princess (Type F2) brand. Gramophone is in a wooden display cabinet with room for record storage underneath and is complete with handle. Manufactured in 1911 by Columbia, USA."Columbia Grafonola Type 2 Made in USA"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, record player, gramophone, mechanical gramophone, floor model gramophone, gramophone record, columbia graphophone company, american graphophone company, columbia, grafonola, grafonola princess, music, playing music, audio reproduction, sound equipment, domestic entertainment, 1911 gramophone

This is a tape of broadcast material from the procession of the Warrnambool Florado Festival in 1960. The Florado Festival was a week of festivities held in Warrnambool in the second week of March with the aim of advancing local art, culture, education and recreational activities. The Festivals were held in the 1950s and 60s. This tape is of some importance to researchers and others interested in the 1950s and 60s Florado festivals. They were a good example of the popularity in Australia of these types of festivals during those decades.This is a blue cassette tape (C120) designed to be played in a cassette machine.C120, BASF, unbespielt, unrecorded, vierge, 2 X 60 min., LH, Made in Germany. White sticker with ‘W’Bool Florado, 1960’warrnambool, florado procession

This videotape has material related to the annual arrival in Warrnambool’s coast (mainly at Logan’s Beach) of Southern Right Whales. These whales come annually to the Western District coastline about May and stay until about October. and some calve at Logan’s Beach – hence the name Logan’s Beach Whale Nursery. The whales have become an important tourist attraction in the area. Most of the whales return to the area regularly and have been named from their particular markings. Wilma the whale was a great favourite and was seen about every three years in Warrnambool but is now appearing in other parts of Australia. The tape is dedicated to Robert Ulmann who was a well-known artist and conservationist in the Warrnambool region. He did much to ensure the whales received protection and publicity in the Warrnambool environment. This tape is now in an outdated format and will be transferred to a more appropriate form as the material in it needs to be preserved. The whale migration to Warrnambool is a significant natural history event and material from the 1990s is important. This is a videotape in a black case with a white label with black printing pasted on. The outer box is white with a white label with blue and black printing. An image of a whale is on the outer label. ‘Warrnambool’s Winter Visitors’ ‘Update 98 Wilma Returns 7thJune 1999’ ‘This video dedicated to the memory of Robert Ulmann’ ‘Canya Dantz perform the song, Warrnambool Whale Wash’ whales in warrnambool, robert ulmann

Ear phones of the type would have been used hereHeadphones made from metal base, adjustable headstrap made from metal wire with canvas padding. Bradded wire lead with two connector pins, backlight ear padsBrandes Superior. BBC pat pending. Matched Tone trade mark. Made in Englandheadphones, wwii, audio equipment

Colour photograph showing students undertaking classeslibrary, audio visual, canteen, computer centre, student centre, counselling, typing, canoeing, pottery, woolclassing, bricklaying, welding, biology, motor mechanics, ballarat school of mines, alumni

.1) Book. Hard cover. Printed images of WWII women in armed forces, nursing & land army. Bottom image is photo of modern females in RAN. Red & blue printing. 108 pages, illustrated photos & maps. .2) DVD - Australian Government Department Veterans Affairs. Changing roles of women, 1899 - today. Images identical to front cover. .3) CD Rom identical cover to .2) above.books reference/military, audio-visual technology - audio/visual accessories, illustrations-prints, military history

Original French Newspapers from WWI, titled Sur Le Vif containing many war photos & news. .1) No 37 dated 20.7.1915 .2) No 54 dated 20.11.1915 .3) No 40 dated 14.8.1915 .4) No 55 dated 27.11.1915 .5) - .8) CDs in cases re .1) - .4) put on them .9) USB stick with same ondocuments - newspapers, audio-visual technology - military history