In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution meant that shipbuilders could build ships using iron. These iron ships could be much larger, with more space for cargo, and they didn't need as much work to keep them in good condition. Isambard Kingdom Brunel's "Great Britain" built in 1843, was the first ship to be built entirely of wrought iron. In the 1880's steel began to be used instead of iron. Ships also began to be fitted with steam engines, although a great deal of coal was needed to travel even short distances. For this reason, ships continued to be fitted out with sails even though many came with engines. The iron-hulled, four-masted barque, the Falls of Halladale, was a bulk carrier of general cargo. She left New York in August 1908 on her way to Melbourne and Sydney. In her hold, along with 56,763 tiles of unusual, beautiful green American slates (roofing tiles), 5,673 coils of barbed wire, 600 stoves, 500 sewing machines, 6500 gallons of oil, 14400 gallons of benzene, and many other manufactured items, were 117 cases of crockery and glassware. Three months later and close to her destination, a navigational error caused the Falls of Halladale to be wrecked on a reef off the Peterborough headland at 3 am on the morning of the 15th of November, 1908. The captain and 29 crew members all survived, but her valuable cargo was largely lost, despite two salvage attempts in 1908-09 and 1910. ABOUT THE ‘FALLS OF HALLADALE’ (1886 - 1908): - Built: in1886 by Russell & Co., Greenock shipyards, River Clyde, Scotland, UK. The company was founded in 1870 (or 1873) as a partnership between Joseph Russell (1834-1917), Anderson Rodger and William Todd Lithgow. During the period 1882-92, Russell & Co. standardised designs, which sped up their building process so much that they were able to build 271 ships over that time. In 1886, they introduced a 3000-ton class of sailing vessel with auxiliary engines and brace halyard winches. In 1890, they broke the world output record. Owner: Falls Line, Wright, Breakenridge & Co, 111 Union Street, Glasgow, Scotland. Configuration: Four-masted sailing ship; iron-hulled barque; iron masts, wire rigging, fore & aft lifting bridges. Size: Length 83.87m x Breadth 12.6m x Depth 7.23m, Gross tonnage 2085 ton Wrecked: the night of 14th November 1908, Curdies Inlet, Peterborough, south west Victoria Crew: 29 The Falls of Halladale was a four-masted sailing ship built in 1886 in Glasgow, Scotland, for the long-distance cargo trade and was mostly used for Pacific grain trade. She was owned by Wright, Breakenridge & Co of Glasgow and was one of several Falls Line ships, all of which were named after waterfalls in Scotland. The lines flag was of red, blue and white vertical stripes. The Falls of Halladale had a sturdy construction built to carry maximum cargo and was able to maintain full sail in heavy gales, one of the last of the ‘windjammers’ that sailed the Trade Route. She and her sister ship, the Falls of Garry, were the first ships in the world to include fore and aft lifting bridges. Previous to this, heavily loaded vessels could have heavy seas break along the full length of the deck, causing serious injury or even death to those on deck. The new, raised catwalk-type decking allowed the crew to move above the deck in stormy conditions. This idea is still used today on the most modern tankers and cargo vessels and has proved to be an important step forward in the safety of men at sea. On 4th August 1908, with new sails, 29 crew, and 2800 tons of cargo, the Falls of Halladale left New York, bound for Melbourne and Sydney via the Cape of Good Hope. The cargo on board was valued at £35,000 and included 56,763 tiles of American slate roofing tiles (roof slates), 5,673 coils of barbed wire, 600 stoves, 500 sewing machines, 6,500 gallons of oil, 14,400 gallons of benzene, plumbing iron, 117 cases of crockery and glassware and many other manufactured items. The Falls of Halladale had been at sail for 102 days when, at 3 am on the night of 14th November 1908, under full sail in calm seas with a six knots breeze behind and misleading fog along the coast, the great vessel rose upon an ocean swell and settled on top of a submerged reef near Peterborough on the south-west Victoria’s coast. The ship was jammed on the rocks and began filling with water. The crew launched the two lifeboats and all 29 crew landed safely on the beach over 4 miles away at the Bay of Islands. The postmistress at Peterborough, who kept a watch for vessels in distress, saw the stranding and sent out an alert to the local people. A rescue party went to the aid of the sailors, and the Port Campbell rocket crew was dispatched, but the crew had all managed to reach shore safely by the time help arrived. The ship stayed in full sail on the rocky shelf for nearly two months, attracting hundreds of sightseers who watched her slowly disintegrate until the pounding seas and dynamiting by salvagers finally broke her back, and her remains disappeared back into deeper water. The valuable cargo was largely lost, despite two salvage attempts in 1908-09 and 1910. Further salvage operations were made from 1974-1986, during which time 22,000 slate tiles were recovered with the help of 14 oil drums to float them, plus personal artefacts, ship fittings, reams of paper and other items. The Court of Marine Inquiry in Melbourne ruled that the foundering of the ship was entirely due to Captain David Wood Thomson’s navigational error, not too technical failure of the Clyde-built ship. The shipwreck is a popular site for divers, about 300m offshore and in 3 – 15m of water. Some of the original cargo can be seen at the site, including pieces of roof slate and coils of barbed wire. This particular artefact was one of many found by John Laidlaw (a local Warrnambool diver) when diving on the Falls of Halladale in the 1960's. In August 1973, John Laidlaw and Stan McPhee went on to discover the underwater location of the Schomberg - a passenger ship that ran aground on December 26th 1855 near Peterborough and which now lies in almost 9 metres of water. When John Laidlaw died, his family donated a number of artefacts to Flagstaff Hill. The brass finial may have been part of a larger decorative item such as a lamp or clock bracket.This item is significant as it was taken from the Falls of Halladale shipwreck which is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register (No. S255). She was one of the last ships to sail the Trade Routes. She is one of the first vessels to have fore and aft lifting bridges. She is an example of the remains of an International Cargo Ship and also represents aspects of Victoria’s shipping industry. The wreck is protected as a Historic Shipwreck under the Commonwealth Historic Shipwrecks Act (1976)A brass, bell-shaped object with a body approximately 3 cm high. It has an outer lip, straight sides that taper in and a flat "cap". The inside of the object is plain with evidence of vertigris. It has a decorative topping almost 2 cm high, which has a double concave hollow neck.flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill divers, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, great ocean road, warrnambool, falls of halladale, falls of halladale wreck, shipwreck artefact, artefact, brass artefact, brass finial, brass fitting, shipwreck coast, diver, john laidlaw, finial, brass decoration, handmade

In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution meant that shipbuilders could build ships using iron. These iron ships could be much larger, with more space for cargo and they didn't need as much work to keep them in good condition. Isambard Kingdom Brunel's "Great Britain" built in 1843, was the first ship to be built entirely of wrought iron. In the 1880's steel began to be used instead of iron. Ships also began to be fitted with steam engines although a great deal of coal was needed to travel even short distances. For this reason, ships continued to be fitted out with sails even though some came with engines. The iron-hulled, four-masted barque, the Falls of Halladale, was a bulk carrier of general cargo. She left New York in August 1908 on her way to Melbourne and Sydney. In her hold, along with 56,763 tiles of unusual beautiful green American slates (roofing tiles), 5,673 coils of barbed wire, 600 stoves, 500 sewing machines, 6500 gallons of oil, 14400 gallons of benzene, and many other manufactured items, were 117 cases of crockery and glassware. Three months later and close to her destination, a navigational error caused the Falls of Halladale to be wrecked on a reef off the Peterborough headland at 3 am on the morning of the 15th of November, 1908. The captain and 29 crew members all survived, but her valuable cargo was largely lost, despite two salvage attempts in 1908-09 and 1910. ABOUT THE ‘FALLS OF HALLADALE’ (1886 - 1908) Built: in1886 by Russell & Co., Greenock shipyards, River Clyde, Scotland, UK. The company was founded in 1870 (or 1873) as a partnership between Joseph Russell (1834-1917), Anderson Rodger and William Todd Lithgow. During the period 1882-92 Russell & Co., standardised designs, which sped up their building process so much that they were able to build 271 ships over that time. In 1886 they introduced a 3000 ton class of sailing vessel with auxiliary engines and brace halyard winches. In 1890 they broke the world output record. Owner: Falls Line, Wright, Breakenridge & Co, 111 Union Street, Glasgow, Scotland. Configuration: Four masted sailing ship; iron-hulled barque; iron masts, wire rigging, fore & aft lifting bridges. Size: Length 83.87m x Breadth 12.6m x Depth 7.23m, Gross tonnage 2085 ton Wrecked: the night of 14th November 1908, Curdies Inlet, Peterborough south west Victoria Crew: 29 The Falls of Halladale was a four-masted sailing ship built-in 1886 in Glasgow, Scotland, for the long-distance cargo trade and was mostly used for Pacific grain trade. She was owned by Wright, Breakenridge & Co of Glasgow and was one of several Falls Line ships, all of which were named after waterfalls in Scotland. The lines flag was of red, blue and white vertical stripes. The Falls of Halladale had a sturdy construction built to carry maximum cargo and able to maintain full sail in heavy gales, one of the last of the ‘windjammers’ that sailed the Trade Route. She and her sister ship, the Falls of Garry, were the first ships in the world to include fore and aft lifting bridges. Previous to this, heavily loaded vessels could have heavy seas break along the full length of the deck, causing serious injury or even death to those on deck. The new, raised catwalk-type decking allowed the crew to move above the deck stormy conditions. This idea is still used today on the most modern tankers and cargo vessels and has proved to be an important step forward in the safety of men at sea. On 4th August 1908, with new sails, 29 crew, and 2800 tons of cargo, the Falls of Halladale left New York, bound for Melbourne and Sydney via the Cape of Good Hope. The cargo on board was valued at £35,000 and included 56,763 tiles of American slate roofing tiles (roof slates), 5,673 coils of barbed wire, 600 stoves, 500 sewing machines, 6,500 gallons of oil, 14,400 gallons of benzene, plumbing iron, 117 cases of crockery and glassware and many other manufactured items. The Falls of Halladale had been at sail for 102 days when, at 3 am on the night of 14th November 1908, under full sail in calm seas with a six knots breeze behind and misleading fog along the coast, the great vessel rose upon an ocean swell and settled on top of a submerged reef near Peterborough on the south-west Victoria’s coast. The ship was jammed on the rocks and began filling with water. The crew launched the two lifeboats and all 29 crew landed safely on the beach over 4 miles away at the Bay of Islands. The postmistress at Peterborough, who kept a watch for vessels in distress, saw the stranding and sent out an alert to the local people. A rescue party went to the aid of the sailors and the Port Campbell rocket crew was dispatched, but the crew had all managed to reach shore safely by the time help arrived. The ship stayed in full sail on the rocky shelf for nearly two months, attracting hundreds of sightseers who watched her slowly disintegrate until the pounding seas and dynamiting by salvagers finally broke her back, and her remains disappeared back into deeper water. The valuable cargo was largely lost, despite two salvage attempts in 1908-09 and 1910. Further salvage operations were made from 1974-1986, during which time 22,000 slate tiles were recovered with the help of 14 oil drums to float them, plus personal artefacts, ship fittings, reams of paper and other items. The Court of Marine Inquiry in Melbourne ruled that the foundering of the ship was entirely due to Captain David Wood Thomson’s navigational error, not too technical failure of the Clyde-built ship. The shipwreck is a popular site for divers, about 300m offshore and in 3 – 15m of water. Some of the original cargo can be seen at the site, including pieces of roof slate and coils of barbed wire. This particular artefact was one of many found by John Laidlaw (a local Warrnambool diver) when diving on the Falls of Halladale in the 1960's. In August 1973, John Laidlaw and Stan McPhee went on to discover the underwater location of the Schomberg - a passenger ship sailing from Liverpool that ran aground on December 26th 1855 near Peterborough which now lies in almost 9 metres of water. When John Laidlaw died, his family donated a number of artefacts to Flagstaff Hill.This item is significant as it was recovered from the Falls of Halladale by a local diver. The Falls of Halladale shipwreck is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register (No. S255). She was one of the last ships to sail the Trade Routes. She is one of the first vessels to have fore and aft lifting bridges. She is an example of the remains of an International Cargo Ship and also represents aspects of Victoria’s shipping industry. The wreck is protected as a Historic Shipwreck under the Commonwealth Historic Shipwrecks Act (1976).A thick metal bolt with a flattened head at one end, a smooth shaft approximately 4 cm long followed by a 6 cm long screw section - some of which is damaged and flattened. The end appears to have had a part broken off and is showing rust damage. flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill divers, flagstaff hill maritime museum & village, great ocean road, warrnambool, shipwreck coast, falls of halladale, falls of halladale wreck, shipwreck artefact, artefact, diver, john laidlaw, bolt, metal bolt, metal artefact, ship's bolt

with Club members Bill and Heather Corwall Lakes Entrance VictoriaColour photograph showing Shirley Hancock holding LE Bridge Club Championship trophy with Club members Bill and Heather Corwall Lakes Entrance Victoria clubs, bridge club

plaque at Northern end of the footbridge noting the date of opening by Hon. AE Lind MLA. View across Cunninghame Arm to timbered area at hummocks Lakes Entrance Victoria. Plus a second photo from the foot bridge looking east toward the rotundaColour photograph of plaque at Northern end of the footbridge noting the date of opening by Hon. AE Lind MLA. View across Cunninghame Arm to timbered area at hummocks Lakes Entrance Victoria. Plus a second photo from the foot bridge looking east toward the rotundabridges, waterways, gippsland lakes

Polish scientist explorer Dr. Lhotsky explored the Australian Alps south of Mt Kosciusko (not named at that date)as far as McKillops Bridge (unnamed then) between 1834 and 1839. His claims were largely ignored he being labelled imposter and humbug but recent research indicates his rightful place amongst Victorias early explorersBlack and white photograph of Snowy River at Suggan Buggan VictoriaApproximately where John Lhotsky the first white man known to have been in Gippsland reached the Snowy and spent three days in March 1834topography, rivers

Double Bridges was the breakfast stop on the Bairnsdale Omeo coach trip, the horses were changed there.Black and white photograph of coach and horses at Halfway House Hotel when A Lucus was publican, ten people in front of the building which was situated at Double Bridges midway between Bruthen and Tambo Crossing Victoriatransport, hotels

date on back Sat. 8/ 3/ 1913Black and white postcard of Wy Yung Bridge opened in April 1889 built originally as a draw bridge over Mitchell River Bairnsdale VictoriaMitchell at Wy Yung Bridge Bairnsdalebridges, rivers

Super structure of wharf crane just visible above floodwatersBlack and white photograph mounted on heavy card of floods in Mitchell River at Port of Bairnsdale Victoriabridges, boats and boating, rivers, floods

One of the series of postcards used in the tourist industryPostcard of scene of Mitchell River with fences in the foreground and in the background bridge and Bairnsdale VictoriaThe Mitchell River Bairnsdalehouses, rivers, topography

Copy of old hand coloured postcard of Mitchell River showing St Johns Church top right, rowing club boat shed bottom right with steps down to river and landing Bairnsdale VictoriaMitchell River Bairnsdale Gippsland Victoriabridges, rivers, churches

Black and white photograph of two bullock teams and drivers hauling large logs down a steep bush track first team crossing a log bridge, man on bridge, Tambo Crossing VictoriaNear Tambo Crossing East Gippslandaccommodation, hotels, transport

Black and white postcard of Fregons Hotel with suspension bridge across stream opposite, Ensay VictoriaFregon's Ensay Hotel Omeo Roadhotels, businesses

This postcard is part of an album of postcards which date from late 19th century to mid 20th century.This postcard is in an album of postcards dating from the late 19th century to mid 20th century and, as such, indicate the popularity of postcards during that time.Print postcard depicting Princes Bridge. Red one penny post stamp on back depicting Queen Victoria. On front: Under image: 'Princes Bridge.' On back: Left: '"Ailsa" / 10.7.05 / With best wishes / for present & / future. / Yours ever, / H. M. Craig' Right: 'Mr W. j Stuart / "Carlowrie" / Richmond Plains'postcard, 1900s, "green postcard album"

Wharf on the left side of the image was known as Top Wharf or Upper Wharf. Small house seen on eastern bank was home. Small house seen on eastern bank was home of Mr Healy Orchadist who sold fruit and grafted fruit trees. Big tree next to house was an enormous oak .Information from G ScarceTinted postcard showing first bridge over the Mitchell river, steamers and other boats at wharf on western bank known as Port of Bairnsdale Victoria. Also black and white photo of same view W.R. Lidston Bairnsdale Mitchell River Bairnsdaleboats and boating, rivers

Black and white photograph of the punt on the Mitchell River and the first bridge under construction. In distance can be seen the growing township of Bairnsdale Victoriaboats and boating, businesses, rivers

Bridge players Mary Duncan Sally Bales Mary Brown and Dick Bales at Charity Bridge game Lakes Entrance VictoriaColour photograph of Bridge players Mary Duncan Sally Bales Mary Brown and Dick Bales at Charity Bridge game Lakes Entrance Victoriaclubs, cards, recreation

Colour photograph taken at the seventeenth birthday celebration of Bridge Club showing members Martin Sutcliffe and Myrtle Hodgeson Lakes Entrance Victoriaclubs, recreation, cards

Brian Hancock presenting the Hancock Trophy for Bridge Club Championship Pairs Cory VanLier and Jeanne Anderson with President Annden Houten Lakes Entrance VictoriaColour photograph showing Brian Hancock presenting the Hancock Trophy for Bridge Club Championship Pairs Cory VanLier and Jeanne Anderson with President Annden Houten Lakes Entrance Victoriaclubs, cards

Fishing Club building under construction Bullock Island bridge in background April Hamer moored Lakes Entrance Victoria. Another colour photograph of Gippland Lakes Fishing Club under construction in background dredged sand behind building boat ramp in foreground number 04057.1 size 10 x 15 cmColour photograph of Fishing Club building under construction Bullock Island bridge in background April Hamer moored Lakes Entrance Victoria recreation, fishing, buildings, clubs

Date made June 1989|Two photographs taken by Vera Bennett| One photograph taken by Keith Scarce|Six photographs all similar views of trestle bridgeColour photograph of the trestle railway bridge over Stoney Creek, near Nowa Nowa, showing bridge in intact condition soon after the cessation of services from Bairnsdale to Orbost. Nowa Nowa Victoriabridges, transport

Also a photograph of Apex Park new slides Colour photographs of Apex Park showing new adventure playground and barbeque area, new concrete bridge over North Arm in background Lakes Entrance Victoria. recreational facilities, parks

Black and white photograph of Beth Paton and dog Benn on rail trolley used for transportation of goods on Eastern Wharf. Goods shed and square water tank in background Lakes Entrance Victoriabridges, waterfront, people

Colour photograph of local school boys Patrick Campbell year 9 Nagle College and Andrew Douglas year 9 LE Secondary College enjoying holidays, shown on the footbridge Lakes Entrance Victoria people, recreation, genealogy, bridges

Cunninghame Arm footbridge showing crowd on bridge, cars parked on Esplanade, new concrete wall between dunes and lake at south end of bridge Lakes Entrance Victoria. c1955. Also another colour postcard similar view of footbridge made by Murray Views donor Susan Samuel 2 January 2015 number 04272.1, 9 x 14 cmColour postcard taken from south end of the Cunninghame Arm footbridge showing crowd on bridge, cars parked on Esplanade, new concrete wall between dunes and lake at south end of bridge Lakes Entrance Victoria. c1955. Also another colour postcard similar view of footbridge The Foot-Bridge, Lakes Entrance. Vicrecreation, waterfront, land reclamation, gippsland lakes

Also a colour photograph of toilet block at North end of footbridge taken from the car park on the Eastern side 04268.1 20 x 15cmColour photograph taken from the forecourt at the North end of the footbridge looking towards the service station on the corner of Myers Street and Esplanade Lakes Entrance Victoria. Also a second photo showing toilet block near the footbridgebridges, people

Also two black and white postcards looking across footbridge to township 04271.1, 04271.2 size 9.5 x 14 cm 1940 cBlack and white postcard of Cunninghame Arm footbridge taken from the top of the sand dunes looking towards the few houses of Lakes Entrance Victoria Stamp on back The Lakes Studio Lakes Entrance. Also two black and white postcards looking across footbridge to township 04271.1, 04271.2 size 9.5 x 14 cm 1940 cbridges, recreational facilities, surf lifesaving, waterfront

Posted 31.7.1905 from N. S. W. to Miss Laughton Kalimna Lakes Entrance Victoria Message says Please keep this card for my collection am getting a few more Yours GBlack and white postcard of suspension bridge North Sydney showing bushland in distance Sydney Australia.Plus second photo showing details of message on rear side.city, correspondence, hobbies, hotels

Black and white photograph of drilling rig Government number 2 Bore at North Eastern side of North Arm bridge with Rigby Island and Hummocks, Lake and Princes Highway in background Lakes Entrance Victoriaoil and gas industry, topography

The writer of the message on back of card was a Miss Ruth Catt who boarded with the family of Vic and Myrtle Fish of Roadknight St Lakes Entrance in the 1920 - 30 She was a teacher at the Bunga Creek State School East of Lakes Entrance and walked through the bush to schoolSepia toned postcard showing white wooden bridge over Yarra River with hill at back densely wooded shrubbery along river bank and rocky foreground at Warburton VictoriaThe Rose Series P3643 The Beautiful Yarra Warburton Victoriaschool teachers, correspondence

Colour photograph of wooden bridge over Martins Creek on Bonang Highway East Gippsland Victoriabridges, riv, roads and streets, engineering