The beginning of standardised weights and measures began In Victoria when the Melbourne Observatory received sets of standard weights and measures, which had been tested in Britain against the then British Imperial standards. These included the primary standard yard and pound for the Colony of Victoria. Other standards of weights and measure held by shires and the administrative body's within the colony could then be compared to these primary standards. A Weights and Measures Act was passed in Victoria in 1862, establishing local inspectors throughout the colony. By the 1870s each local council and shire in Victoria held a set of standards that were used to test scales, weights and dry measures used by wholesalers, factories and shops. Every ten years the councils’ standards would themselves need to be rechecked against the Victorian Standards. The checking was done by the Victorian Customs Department in the 19th century, but with the transfer of responsibility for customs to the Federal Government in 1901, weights and measures function was retained by the Victorian Government and was shifted to the Melbourne Observatory. In 1904, a new building was erected at the south end of the Great Melbourne Telescope House, where the standard weights and measures and testing equipment was installed. This room had a large whirling apparatus for testing air meters and became known as the Whirling Room. When the Melbourne Observatory closed in 1944, the Weights and Measures Branch was formed to continue and this branch remained at the Observatory site unit until 1995. J & M Ewan History: J&M Ewan was a Melbourne firm that began by selling retail furniture and wholesale ironmongery. They had substantial warehouses situated at the intersection of 81-83 Elizabeth and Little Collins Streets, the business was established by James M Ewan in 1852. Shortly afterwards he went into partnership with William Kerr Thomson and Samuel Renwick. When Ewan died in 1868 his partners carried on and expanded the business under his name J & M Ewan. The business was expanded to provide a retail shop, counting-house and private offices. Wholesale warehouses adjoined these premises at 4, 6 and 10 Little Collins Street, West. This company provided and sold a large and varied amount of imported goods into the colony that consisted of agriculture equipment, building materials, mining items as well as steam engines, tools of all types and marble fireplaces. They also supplied the Bronze measuring containers in the Flagstaff Hill collection and the probability is that these containers were obtained by the local Melbourne authority that monitored weights and measures in the mid to late 19th century. The company grew to employ over 150 people in Melbourne and opened offices at 27 Lombard St London as well as in New Zealand and Fiji. The company also serviced the Mauritius islands and the pacific area with their steamship the Suva and a brig the Shannon. Robert Bate History: Robert Brettell Bate (1782-1847) was born in Stourbridge, England, one of four sons of Overs Bate, a mercer (a dealer in textile fabrics, especially silks, velvet's, and other fine materials)and banker. Bate moved to London, and in 1813 was noticed for his scientific instrument making ability through the authority of the “Clockmakers Company”. Sometime in the year 1813 it was discovered that one Robert Brettell Bate, regarded as a foreigner in London had opened a premises in the Poultry selling area of London. He was a Mathematical Instrument maker selling sundials and other various instruments of the clock making. In 1824, Bate, in preparation for his work on standards and weights, leased larger premises at 20 and 21 Poultry, London, at a rental of four hundred pounds per annum. It was there that Bate produced quality metrological instruments, which afforded him the recognition as one of one of the finest and principal English metrological instrument-makers of the nineteenth century. English standards at this time were generally in a muddle, with local standards varying from shire to shire. On 17 June 1824, an Act of Parliament was passed making a universal range of weights, measures, and lengths for the United Kingdom, and Bate was given the job of crafting many of the metrological artifacts. He was under instruction from the renown physicist Henry Kater F.R.S. (1777-1835) to make standards and to have them deposited in the principal cities throughout the United Kingdom and colonies. Bate experimented with tin-copper alloys to find the best combination for these items and by October 1824, he had provided Kater with prototypes to test troy and avoirdupois pounds, and samples with which to divide the troy into grams. Bate also cast the standard for the bushel, and by February 1825, had provided all the standards required of him by the Exchequer, Guildhalls of Edinburgh, and Dublin. In 1824, he also made a troy pound standard weight for the United States, which was certified for its accuracy by Kater and deposited with the US Mint in 1827. Kater, in his address to the Royal Society of London, acknowledged Bate's outstanding experimentation and craftsmanship in producing standards of weights, measures, and lengths. An example of a dry Bronze measuring container made specifically for J & M Ewan by possibly the most important makers of measurement artefacts that gives us today a snapshot of how imperial weights and measures were used and how a standard of measurement for merchants was developed in the Australian colonies based on the Imperial British measurement system. The container has social significance as an item retailed by J & M Ewan and used in Victoria by the authorities who were given legal responsibility to ensure that wholesalers and retailers of dry goods sold in Victoria were correct. The container was a legal standard measure so was also used to test merchants containers to ensure that their distribution of dry goods to a customer was correct.Maker Possibly Robert Brettell Blake or De Grave, Short & Co Ltd both of LondonContainer brass round for measuring quantities- Has brass handles & is a 'Bushel' measurement. 'Imperial Standard Bushel Victoria' engraved around container. Container bronze round shape for measuring dry quantities has brass handles & is a 'Bushel' measurement"IMPERIAL STANDARD BUSHEL" engraved around the top of the container. VICTORIA engraved under "J & M Ewan & Co London and Melbourne" engraved around the bottom of the container.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, standard measure, bushel, bushel measurement, j & m ewan, dry measurement, victorian measurement standard, bronze container, melbourne observatory, robert brettell bate

Coin commemorating Transvaal War 1900 for The First Australian Imperial Contingent.Small metal Commemorative coin, brown in colour, with a small hole drilled at the top to allow hanging.Side 1 - Impressed with "British Transvaal War" & Queen Victoria Profile. Side 2 - Impressed with "Success to 1st Aust Imperial Contingent" & picture of mounted soldier.transvaal war, boer war

Probably uniform buttons from World War 11 (1940_45) 0r after as world War 1 forces were referred to as Australian Imperial Forces.Three Brass & copper alloy buttons from a military uniform. Two large buttons and one small with a loop on back for sewing to uniform. Each button features relief text encircling the button edge and with an outline of Australia & Tasmania surmounted by an Imperial crown.Text on perimeter:'Australian Military Forces'costume accessories, haberdashery, military history, army

Possibly an Imperial Japanese Officer's insignia, WW2. Part of the "Robert H. Baron", No. 3596, and Cooper Collections. See Catalogue No. 1981P for details of Baron's service.Rectangular Imperial Japanese rank insignia. Edged on two sides with metal braiding. Strip down centre originally gold coloured. Five pointed star in middle of centre strip. Background is red coloured fabric. Silver coloured metal fastener attached to back.robert h. baron, cooper collection, insignia, imperial japanese army.

The Returned Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen Imperial League of Australia was formed in 1916 as welfare group to assist military personnel returning from the overseas active service. In 1965 the organization was renamed the Returned Services League of Australia and assists military personnel, and their families, both past and present. The Women's Auxiliaries assisted in the past with the work of the R.S.S.A.I.L.A. and today assist with the work of the Returned Services League. (The K.G.Luke company was founded in 1925 and continued until the 1980s.)This badge is of interest as one issued by the Women's Auxiliary of the R.S.S.A.I.L.A. It is not known if it has any connection to a local branch of the Women's Auxiliary. Small circular metal badge with dark blue circle around the edge and an Australian flag surrounded by a cream section. Pin on the reverse. Women's Auxiliary RSSAILA. ( Returned soldiers and sailors Imperial league of Australia)women's auxiliaries, returned services league of australia, returned soldiers, warrnambool history

WW1 Issue for soldiers. 1914. Australian Imperial Force. WW1 The Great War, AIF, issue 1914. Small faded rose coloured soldiers handbook titled "Notes on Laws and Customs of War". WW1 issue. Front cover : Coat of Arms and title: Notes on the Laws and Customs of War. Author : Ambrose Pratt. Written for the Australian Imperial Force 1914. Authority: Albert J. Mullett, Government Printer Melbourne. ww1 1914-1918, soldiers handbook ww1, australian imperial force 1914, laws and customs pertaining to war ww1 aif.

RSL badges of two different sizes relating to Imperial League pre WW2.1. Badge - White shield with crown on top with No. 54 on a green background.. Inscription within a blue circle and inside on gold background are two armed soldiers standing at ready. Banner along bottom of shield with "Australia" written on it. Two rings on back with no pins to attach. 2. Badge - White shield with crown on top. Inscription within a blue circle and inside on gold background are two armed soldiers standing at ready. Banner along bottom of shield with "Australia" written on it. On back is a round brass plate with two clips on back.1. Inscribed "Imperial League - Returned Sailors, Soldiers. At bottom "Australia". On back No. B8396 and maker "W. Bishop" and "Copyright". 2. Same inscription as one. A no 54 in box on top.rsl badge, imprial league

Certificate presented to Lieut Dick Nankervis MM on Termination of his AppointmentThis framed certificate and memorabilia were donated/bequeath to the Beechworth RSL Sub-Branch by Captain Nankervis’ family. The inscription on the framed box containing the Medal Bar reads, “These medals were awarded to Captain Dick Nankervis for service during World War I and World War II.Certificate "Statement of Service in Australian Imperial Force in wooded picture frame with a glass front.Statement of Service/in/Australian Imperial/Force Lieutenant Dick Nankervis/MM/5th Aust M.G. Bn/ Date of Enlistment 2 August 1915/ Date of Embarkation 10th November 1915/Appointment and Promotions/ Appointed 2nd Lieutenant 20th June 1918/ Promoted Lieutenant 1st December 1918/Returned to Australia/Main 11 October 1919/Appointment Terminated as from 10th December 1919/Reason for Termination of Service/ signed ?? Lieut/a/ S.O. I & R. S. 3MDcerticiate, statement, nankervis

Certificate of Discharge for Private Samuel Warren Ellis (640) of Creswick Victoria from the Australian Imperial Expeditionary Force.Certificate of Discharge for Private Samuel Ellis Creswick Victoria from the Australian Imperial Expeditionary ForcePaper certificateCertificate of Discharge from the Australian Imperial Expeditionary Force For Private Samuel Warren Ellis (640) Dated February 23 1920. V/B No. 86068 No.221219australian imperial expeditionary certificate samuel ellis 640 certificate discharge 1920

The Mena Camp, Egypt, was the training camp for the 1st Australian Imperial Forces(AIF) before the Landing at Gallipoli. The camp was located 16Kms from Cairo.Built around Mena House, it was a luxury hotel built next to the Pyramids of Giza (originally spelt Gizeh) supplied with its own purpose built tram-line to Cairo. The centre road up the middle of the camp was known as Artillery Road. The initial force consisted of 20,000 men.The Camp was a major training facility for the 1st Australian Imperial Force in 1014-15.Rectangular shaped glass covered picture frame showing a photo of Mena Camp-1914/15.Mena Camp-1st Australian Division. Australian Imperial Force-Egypt. 1914-15.mena camp, egypt, gallipoli, cairo, lara r.s.l. training camps, australian imperial force.

The Mena Camp, Egypt, was the training camp for the 1st Australian Imperial Forces(AIF) before the Landing at Gallipoli. The camp was located 16Kms from Cairo.Built around Mena House, it was a luxury hotel built next to the Pyramids of Giza (originally spelt Gizeh) supplied with its own purpose built tram-line to Cairo. The centre road up the middle of the camp was known as Artillery Road. The initial force consisted of 20,000 men.The Camp was a major training facility for the 1st Australian Imperial Force in 1014-15.Rectangular shaped glass covered picture frame showing a photo of Mena Camp-1914/15.Mena Camp-1st Australian Division. Australian Imperial Force-Egypt. 1914-15.mena camp, egypt, gallipoli, cairo, lara r.s.l. training camps, australian imperial force.

Australian Imperial Forceplaque, army

The badge design The League’s badge represents a readiness at all times to render service to Queen and country and to former comrades. It can’t be purchased and may only be worn by those who have served their country. The shield design is symbolic of the protection provided to those who wear it. Within the badge, red represents the blood ties of war that exist between comrades; white stands for the purity of the motives in joining the league – to render service without personal gain or ambition; and blue indicates a willingness to serve a comrade anywhere under the blue sky. The wattle represents Australia, with the leek, the rose, the thistle and the shamrock standing for Wales, England, Scotland and Ireland respectively.The collection of badges,medallion,issue diary and photograph shows what a soldier who served in WW1, received.It is good that this collection is still intact. Badge awarded to Driver of the 6th Field Ambulance, Malachy Sandy, no 3320,who enlisted March 6th 1915. RTA 14 Jan 1919.Metal badge with crown attached to top of badge.Two folded metal loop(for pin to attach to coat etc), soldered on back of badge. "1919" on crown."Australia" in red scroll along bottom of of badge.Engraved flowers top left and right below crown."Returned Sailors & Soldiers Imperial League" on blue circular background surrounding embossed soldier holding rifles. On the back of badge is : "Copyright / 83978 / Prouds Ltd"sandy, malachy, badge, rsl, imperial, league

ENAMELLED METAL BADGE TOPPED WITH A YELLOW METALLIC CROWN WITH A GREEN 67. ON BADGE - WHITE BACKGROUND WITH TWO GROUPS OF MARKS ON THE TOP RIGHT & TOP LEFT. BLUE CIRCLE UNDER THIS WHICH READS " RETURNED SOLDIERS SAIILORS & AIRMEN". INSIDE THE BLUE - A METAL COLOURED CIRCLE IN WHICH THREE FIGURES WEARING DIFFERENT HATS. UNDERNEATH THIS BLUE SECTION IS A METAL COLOURED BANNER - IMPERIAL LEAGUE AUSTRALIA.FRONT - 67 RETURNED SAILORS SOLDIERS & AIRMEN, IMPERIAL LEAGUE AUSTRALIA BACK - W A CUMPSTONS A7375local history, numismatic, medals, military, medals, military

The cenotaph located in Learmonth Victoria is inscribed in Memory of Charles Vaughan Sergeant. Australian Imperial Regiment.The item is of historic importance to the people of BallaratMarble obelisk Erected by the residents of the district In Memory of Charles Vaughan Sergeant. Australian Imperial Regiment killed in action at Hartebeestfontein, South Africa February 18th 1901. "Till the master of all good workmen shall put him to work a new".war

8604.1 - Black typewriter.- Imperial. - Imperial Co. Ltd. - Leicester England.

Six POW postcards sent by Private Stanley Pascoe CHANDLER VX57554 to his mother Christina Chandler in Wahgunyah Victoria. Chandler was born in Wahgunyah and enlisted on the 11/6/1941 at Royal Park in Victoria. Chandler served with the 2/2nd Pioneer Battalion and was reported missing in Java in April 1942 during WW2. He was discharged on the 15/1/1946 The post cards were printed by the Imperial Japanese Army for POW's to send home that describes the good climate, food, medicine and clothes. They also allow room for a brief message. Chandler wrote that he was interred with his friend Frank Allen, received 10 cents per day and has not had any illness. POWs were supposed to be able to communicate with their family at home through the International Red Cross under certain conditions. For example, they were limited to 100 letters. However, in reality it was impossible for them to communicate with family more than once or twice during the duration of imprisonment, and there were camps where the POWs were not allowed to communicate with the world outside the camp at all. The average number of cards which the Japanese allowed to be sent out was from four to five for the whole period of captivity, and only some of these reached their destinations.Timber frame containing six POW postcards mounted on cardboard. Postcards printed by Imperial Japanese Army for POW's to send to families, describing their health and living conditions.Postcards have messages home, "Dear Mother, prisoner of war, unwounded and well. Hope all well at home. Love and kisses Stan".pow, world war 2, burma, wahgunyah victoria, prisoner of war, stanley pascoe chandler

Each soldier had one of these forms filled out on Discharge from the army. WW1 Australian Imperial Expeditionary Force Certificate of Discharge No 5998 Christopher Clark 59th Battalion Born in StawellChristopher was a WW1 Serviceman from Stawell WW1 Australian Imperial Expeditionary Force Certificate of Discharge of Soldier No 5998 Christopher Clark Australian Imperial Expeditionary Force WW1,59th Battalion Christopher Clark was born in Stawell on 25th December 1892 and was brought up on the family farm in Callawdda and worked in the district and then in Queensland where he obtained an engine drivers licence and drove the sugar trains then worked on the steam boiler engines in the sugar mills. When the First World War started he came back to Stawell and enlisted in the army on 11/4/1916. He was sent to France in the 59th Battalion. He was in the army 1175 days, serving 1029 days abroad. During his service he was promoted to Lance Corporal. Details from his daughter Ruth Clark of Ararat December 2017.Form is filled out for soldier Christopher Clarkww1, serviceman, soldiers, military, stawell

Imperial Measuring Frosted Glass Jugstawell

Sets of scales similar to these were very common in households throughout Australia. Between 1960 and 1988 Australia gradually adopted the SI units (Standard International) or metric units. In 1970 the Australian parliament passed the metric conversion act, and the Australian building trades made it the standard in 1974. This information helps to date the set of weights to before the1970s.Domestic scales such as these were common throughout Australian homes. They are now primarily superceded by plastic items, often electronic. Metal table scales with imperial weights weights and measures australia, table scales, domestic appliances

Private William Clyde Kelly served in World War One as this certificate states he also did war time service in World War two. Certificate of Discharge for William Clyde Kelly 4521 service in the Australian Imperial Forces; there are crease marks where the document has been folder, there is obvious in ground dirt from being carried in a pocket or walletAustralian Imperial Expeditionary Force Certificate of Discharge of 4521 Private William Clyde Kelly at the termination of his period of Enlistment. Service towards completion of engagement 1550 days / Service Abroad 1334 days. Medals & Decorations Distinguished Conduct Medal; Returned Soldier's Badge Issued No. 226186certificate, certificate of service wwi

8691.1 - Large brass measuring container, it measures a gallon in total. It has brass handles at the base of the container. It also has a glass lid. 8691.2 - Large brass measuring container, it measures a half gallon in total. It has brass handles at the base of the container. It also has a glass lid. 8691.3 - Medium brass measuring container, it measures a quarter gallon in total. It has brass handles at the base of the container. It also has a glass lid. 8691.4 - Medium-ish sized brass measuring container which measures a pint in total. It has brass handles at the base of the container. It also has a glass lid. 8691.5 - Small brass measuring container which measures a gill in total. It also has a glass lid. 8691.6 - Small brass measuring container which measures a gill in total. It also has a glass lid. 8691.7 - Very small brass measuring container which measures a half gill in total. It also has a glass lid.8691.1 - Imperial Standard Gallon - Victoria 8691.2 - Imperial Standard Half Gallon - Victoria 8691.3 - Imperial Standard Quart - Victoria 8691.4 - Imperial Standard Pint - Victoria 8691.5 - Imperial Standard Half Pint - Victoria 8691.6 - Imperial Standard Gill - Victoria 8691.7 - Imperial Standard Half Gill - Victoria

Two glass bottles. 1. Imperial Pint with name and address of Milk Recovery. 2. Imperial half pint. For cream. Both have cardboard lids. Devonshire Dairy. This bottle is the property of Milk Bottles Recovery Ltd. 18 Market Street, Melbourne. It can only be used by written permission and cannot be sold.bottles, containers, cream containers

This WWI Honor Roll was originally displayed in the Kilcunda Road State School (no.3337), which was located at the north east corner of the intersection of the Bena - Kongwak and Buchanans' Roads, Bena, Victoria, 3946. The school was located amongst the cypress trees at 645 Bena-Kongwak Road. The school was relocated in 2008 to the Coal Creek Community Park and Museum, 12 Silkstone Road, Korumburra, 3950 to become the Masonic Lodge building in the park display. On the west side of the intersection of the Bena - Kongwak and Buchanans' Roads is a brass plaque on a granite boulder with the following inscription TO COMMEMORATE THE DISTRICT OF KILCUNDA ROAD First Surveyed 1879. This is the site of the KILCUNDA ROAD UNITING CHURCH 1911 to 1966. Diagonally opposite at 645 Bena-Kongwak Road was the site of the KILCUNDA ROAD PRIMARY SCHOOL No: 3337, 1902 to 1975. Erected by The School Mother’s Club continuing as The Kilcunda Road Social Club 2008. One of the few remaining historic items from Kilcunda Road settlement.Honour roll of varnished wood, with three panels, an undulating shaped pediment, plain columns at sides, painted gold text and the Australian Imperial Forces insignia on base.Roll of Honor, Kilcunda Road State School. In Honor of Old Scholars of this school who served the Empire in the Great War, 1914-1919, Australian Imperial Force. (X) These made the supreme sacrifice. Sister J.E. Turner , E.N. Barge, E.F. Binding (X), E.H. Bunn, D. James (X), W.James, A. James (X), R. H. James, A.G. Rose (X), C.W. Stanlake, G. Wuchatsch, R. Wuchatsch, T.E. Young kilcunda road, honour roll, state school no.3337., wwi

RSL Badge Returned Sailors & Soldiers Imperial Leaguebadge/buttons