Showing 247 items
matching local history mining
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Clunes Museum
Newspaper - NEWSPAPER CUTTING, BALLARAT COURIER
... WILLIAM ESMOND MONUMENT. LOCAL HISTORY DOCUMENT NEWSPAPER CUTTING ...JAMES WILLIAM ESMOND MONUMENT.NEWSPAPER CUTTING FROM THE SUPPLEMENT TO THE BALLARAT COURIER, WITH A SCENE OF THE FIRST GOLDSTRIKE IN VICTORIA AND A PHOTO OF JAMES WILLIAM ESMOND MONUMENT AT CLUNES MARKING THE DISCOVERY OF GOLD THERE IN JULY 1851.ADVERTISEMENTS OF WILLIAM BARKELL ART & HISTORICAL CENTRE, CLUNES NEWSAGENTS, CLUNES LICENSED GROCER, NATIONAL HOTEL, MOTEL, CLUB HOTEL, CARAVAN PARK, ETC.local history, document, newspaper cutting, mining, monument -
Clunes Museum
Newspaper - NEWSPAPER CUTTING, THE AUSTRALIAN MINER, 24TH. AUGUST 1970
... ON THE HISTORY OF CLUNES. LOCAL HISTORY DOCUMENT NEWSPAPER CUTTING MINING ...AN ARTICLE ON THE HISTORY OF CLUNES.NEWSPAPER CUTTING ABOUT CLUNES WITH PHOTOGRAPH OF THE PORT PHILLIP AND COLONIAL GOLD MINING COMPANY."THE DIGGERS" BY BILL MYATT.local history, document, newspaper cutting, mining -
Clunes Museum
Document - DOCUMENTS
... . local history newspaper cutting receipt certificate 1. PHOTO ...Mr. Hugh Neill was one of the first engineers of the Mount Morgan Gold Mining Co. Ltd, he came to Australia from London in the 1860's and was engaged as chief engineer of the Port Phillip Gold Mining Co.1. PHOTO COPY OBITUARY NOTICE MR. N.G. NEILL 2. INTERNMENT NOTICE IN CLUNES CEMETERY OF SIX WEEKS OF AGE OF SARAH NEILL 3. CERTIFICATE HUGH NEILL ISSUED BY LODGE OF ALL NATIONS NO. 425 CLUNES. 4. CERTIFICATE OF RIGHT OF BURIAL IN CLUNES CEMETERY OF HUGH NEILLlocal history, newspaper cutting, receipt, certificate -
Clunes Museum
Document - DOCUMENTS
... AND THE QUARTZ MINING COMPANIES. local history document memorandum ...SHIRE OF TALBOT AND CLUNES DOCUMENTS REGARDING PORT PHILLIP MINE AND THE QUARTZ MINING COMPANIES..1 .2 .3 PHOTOCOPIED PAGES MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT PORT PHILLIP AND CLUNES QUARTZ MINING COMPANIES.UNDATED AND UNSIGNED .4 .5 PHOTOCOPIED PAGES OF PORT PHILLIP AND COLONIAL GOLD MINING COMPANY PROVISIONALLY REGISTERED local history, document, memorandum of agreement, mining -
Clunes Museum
Document - CERTIFICATE OF TITLE, APRIL, 1906
ORIGINAL TITLE FOR THE CLUNES FREE LIBRARY SITE IN TEMPLETON STREET ISSUED TO RALPH COUNDON, GAS MANUFACTURER; ARTHUR HENRY GORDON, MEDICAL PRACTITIONER; AND JOHN FIELD, MINING REGISTRAR - 25TH APRIL, 1906. TITLE TRANSFERRED TO CROWN C.1975 AS NO TRUSTEES LEFTPhotocopy of a Certificate of Title issued in Victoria under the "Transfer of Land Act 1890" Issued on the 26th of April 1906 to the Trustees of the Clunes Free Lending Library from the Crown. Signed by H Hosken Assistant Registrar. Handwritten in black ink; J L Lazarus 1183842 Cluneslocal history, document, certificates, free library -
Whitehorse Historical Society Inc.
Article, Old gold mine site is found
The exact site of the old goldmine in the Lake Road - Halley Street area of Blackburn was located and identified by local history investigators.The exact site of the old goldmine in the Lake Road - Halley Street area of Blackburn was located and identified by local history investigators. Ray Champion said it was on a property he owned, his father Isaac Champion had filled in the mine in 1904. The mine had successfully operated up until about 1880.The exact site of the old goldmine in the Lake Road - Halley Street area of Blackburn was located and identified by local history investigators. mines and mining, champion, isaac, ray, halley street, blackburn, lake road, dickens street, goldmining -
Unions Ballarat
Life after gold : twentieth-century Ballarat, Bate, Weston, 1993
A social history of Ballarat after the decline in gold mining. Includes analysis of population, decline in the local economy and restoring financial fortunes through tourism. Discusses effects upon Ballarat as a result of WWI and WWII.Significant to the history of the Ballarat and the effects of gold mining, tourism and war upon the fortunes of the region. It is a companion to Weston's earlier book, "Lucky City".Book, paper. Cover: yellow background, colour drawing of Sturt Street, Ballarat.Front cover: title and author.social history, economy, ballarat, btlc, ballarat trades hall, ballarat trades and labour council, gold mining, population, tourism, world war i, world war ii, resources, sovereign hill, ballarat historical park, bate, weston -
Unions Ballarat
Massacre at Eureka : the untold story, O'Brien, Bob, 1992
Untold story of the Eureka Stockade (3 December 1854). The rebellion at Eureka arose as a protest against compulsory mining licences for gold miners and led to the siege at the Stockade by colonial forces.Local significance. Relevant to the history of the Eureka Stockade that took place in Ballarat in 1854.Paper; book. Front cover: Red, blue and black background with an artistic rendition of the battle of Eureka. Yellow and white text. Front cover: author name and title.btlc, ballarat trades hall, ballarat trades and labour council, eureka stockade, eureka lead, gold mining - ballarat, mining licences - ballarat, civil disobedience, lalor, peter, scobie, james, ballarat reform league, bentley, james, humffray, john, southern cross, australian history -
Unions Ballarat
Up from the Underworld. Coalminers and Community in Wonthaggi 1909 - 1968, Reeves, Andrew, Also titled Coalminers and community in Wonthaggi 1909-1968, 2011
An account of the Miners' Federation in Wongthaggi, Victoria - its history and significant influence upon the local community.Relevant to the history of trade unions in Australia, particularly the Miners' Federation in the town of Wonthaggi.Paper; book. Front cover: orange/yellow and black. White and black text. Picture (artistic impression) of coal miners.Front cover: title and author's name.btlc, ballarat trades hall, ballarat trades and labour council, miners' federation, wonthaggi, state coal mine, unions, history, miners, mining - coal -
Unions Ballarat
Book - Letters from a miner in Australia
An account of Melbourne and the Victorian goldfields during the 1950s gold rush. The book includes experiences as a miner, as a storekeeper in the goldfields and, briefly, as owner of a French cafe in Melbourne.Hardback with dustjacket; yellow background; black lettering; 105 pages. An account of Melbourne and the Victorian goldfields during the 1950s gold rush. The book includes experiences as a miner, as a storekeeper in the goldfields and, briefly, as owner of a French cafe in Melbourne.gold mining, gold rush, fauchery antoine, btlc, ballarat trades and labour council, correspondence, australian history-1950s, ballarat, photography, travel -
Lakes Entrance Regional Historical Society (operating as Lakes Entrance History Centre & Museum)
Photograph, 1913 c
Black and white photograph of sixteen members of the local fire brigade practicing hose drill in the street at Omeo Victoriamines and mining, township -
Ballarat Tramway Museum
Book, Editor William H. Rees, "Official Programme and History of Ballarat for its Centenary Celebrations 1938 / One Hundred Years", 1938
Book with 124 pages, missing original covers, titled "Official Programme and History of Ballarat for its Centenary Celebrations 1938 / One Hundred Years", comprising 8 signatures and side and stapled with three staples along the left hand side. Price 1/- Features photographs of the city (images 2 and 3), Editor's Foreword, message from the Mayor J.H. Trekardo, a listing of daily events for each month in the history of the Ballarat and the year of the event, eg on page 20, August 18, "Electric Trams service commenced, 1905". Has many advertisements from local businesses, including the SEC (image 4) on page 25, the history of Ballarat gold mining, water, supply and other services."Edward Crimmins" on the top right hand corner of page 1 in ink. See Reg Item No. 2488 for a signature on the Membership receipt for H.P. James 1939 - Treasurer? of the Ballarat Historical Society.trams, tramways, ballarat, centenaries, civic history -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - IAN DYETT COLLECTION: AUCTION CATALOGUE - AT LOCK 15 - RIVER MURRAY
Auction catalogue with a beige cover with red and black printing for a sale on 24th, 25th and 26th May, 1938 of Contractors, Engineers and Mining Machinery, Plant, Stores, Buildings and Equipment at Lock 15, River Murray (Near Euston and Robinvale). J. H. Curnow & Son were the auctioneers. Catalogue has a column down the right side of the page to write in the price of each lot. Contains a description of some of the machinery, tools and buildings. Catalogue has a black and white photo of Lots 1667 to 1672, a 'Perry' Locomotive. Bolton Bros. Pty. Ltd. were the printers of the catalogue.business, auctioneers, j h curnow & son pty ltd, ian dyett collection - auction catalogue - at lock 15 - river murray, j h curnow & son, department of works and local government nsw, bolton bros pty ltd -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Slide - DIGGERS & MINING. GETTING THE GOLD, c1855
Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: The evils of shepherding soon became obvious; shepherds often prospered by the ruin of parties who really worked their claims. The Ballarat diggers, through their local Court, abolished shepherding in 1855, and instituted a complicated 'frontage' system which, in effect, guaranteed the diggers who went to the expense and hardship of sinking a shaft the right to work a section of the lead. Markings: 58 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - IAN DYETT COLLECTION: AUCTION CATALOGUE - HUME RESERVOIR
Pale beige auction catalogue with red and dark blue printing for a sale held from the 31st August to 5th September 1936 at the Hume Reservoir, Albury, (New South Wales Side) By Order of Department of Works and Local Government, N. S. W. For sale was Contractors', Mining and Engineers' Machinery, Plant and Equipment, Stores, Locomotives, Tools, Petrol and Steam Engines, Tanks, Scrap, Building Materials, Heavy Bridge Timber, Buildings, and Workmen's Five-roomed Houses, etc. J. H. Curnow & Son were the auctioneers. Black and white photos include Lots 2065 and 2622 Kelly & Lewis Engine and Condensing Plant with G.E.C. Dynamo, Generating 300 K.W.; Lot 2018 Locomotive; Lots 2617 and 2618 Steam Road Rollers; Lot 2069 Administrative Offices; and Lot 93 Locomotives (Victorian Side).business, auctioneers, j h curnow & son pty ltd, ian dyett collection - auction catalogue - hume reservoir, department of works and local government nsw, j h curnow & son, j l jamieson & co, j b garnsey, a t jones, bolton bros pty ltd -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - Borough of Eaglehawk, 1856
The Borough of Eaglehawk was a local government area which covered the northwestern suburbs of the regional city of Bendigo, Victoria, Australia. The borough covered an area of 14.54 square kilometers, and existed from 1862 until 1994.Borough of Eaglehawk Acts and Ordinances in force in Victoria edited by Travers Adamson, Esq,. Volume 2, Publish by authority. Melbourne Printed by John Ferres, Government Printers, 1856history, bendigo, mining, borough of eaglehawk, acts and ordinances -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - RESEARCH PAPERS: ST JOHN AMBULANCE IN BENDIGO, 1956
St John's was first established in Melbourne in 1883 to teach First Aid. The first class of 30 ladies were trained in Bendigo by a visiting surgeon instructor and completed their First Aid course in November 1886. In 1888 the first stretcher and hand ambulance was established in Bendigo and a request was made for mobile ambulances to be operated by men. Women were deemed only suitable for home nursing and hygiene instruction. By 1902 , in response to the high level of mining accidents, men were being trained in First Aid and the first St John's branch was started at Eaglehawk in 1903. The Central Bendigo branch was started in 1912 and as late as 1956, the Bendigo Combined Division registered 10 members.A six page document dedicated to the history of the St John Ambluance in Bendigo and their ties with the local communityst john's ambulance, first aid, home nursing -
Kew Historical Society Inc
Book, Geoff Hocking, Castlemaine : from camp to city 1835-1900, a pictorial history of Forest Creek & the Mount Alexander goldfields, 1994
230 p. : ill. (some col.), facsims, maps, ports. ; 22 x 25 cm.non-fictiongold mines and mining -- victoria -- castlemaine -- history, castlemaine (vic.) -- history -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Book, Ronald Embry, Metamorphosis of a Gold town: Stawell 1900-1940 - A Study in Local History, 1998
stawell mining -
Friends of Ballarat Botanical Gardens History Group
Work on paper - Victoria Park Precinct, City of Ballarat, Victorian Heritage Database place details -19/9/2017, 19/9/2017
Victoria Park is associated with gold mining in the 1860's, military manoevres in the late 19th century; as an army base during World War 2 and a recreation area.Victoria Park is a "landmark cultural landscape" in the city of Ballarat. This parkland established 1890-1910, was modelled on English country estates and London Parks. It demonstrates the civic pride of Ballarat citizens and is an important parkland for the local community. There is a collection of exotic and early planted native trees and areas of native grasslands.6 pages of print. p.1. is a front page with a map and Victoria Park marked in purple with a bibliography on p.4 and footnotes on p.6.None.john garner, victoria park, friends of ballarat botanical gardens, heritage overlay, gold mining, parkland, late nineteenth century, native grasslands, exotic and native trees, royal park, mullock heap, mount holled-smith, arbor day, messrs clegg&nicholls, william guilfoyle, w.o.allen, significant tree register, john garner collection, gardens, ballarat -
Melton City Libraries
Newspaper, Stone Walls protected, 2015
Dry stone construction as a technique is used for much more than paddock walls. Across the volcanic plains of western Victoriaare marvelous sheep dips, stock loading ramps, huts, dams, retaining walls, and the rich and largely undiscovered heritage of indigenous dry stone structures. Dry stone walls indicate many aspects of our rural environment; the geological beginnings of the way the landscape was created, the patterns of early settlement by pastoralists and squatters, the types of stock that grazed the land and the methods of cattle and sheep management, of the efforts to thwart the spread of rabbits .... "For the casual but interested observer dry stone walls are good to look at, to photograph, to get up alongside and see the way they are constructed, to appreciate the varying shapes and sizes of stones and learn of the techniques of keeping often quite rounded stones in place. Apart from walls and other dry stone structures on grazing land we can also see dry stone techniques used in other places and in other phases of our history. Indigenous Australians have built, and continue to build, structures for shelter or hunting or trapping eels and fish in rivers and estuaries around the country. At spots around our coast line there is evidence of simple stone structures built by early maritime explorers. Prospectors in early mining encampments used dry stone construction to build retaining walls or the low walls of rudimentary shelters. If the future of dry stone walls in the Australian landscape is to be assured. wall owners and local governments have to accept and embrace their custodial role in assuring the preservation and celebration of walls. This is not an easy task, but, along with putting the necessary statutory mechanisms to ensure their retention, it is a task that must be pursued. The Dry Stone Walls Association of Australia has as its primary goal the increase in awareness of wall owners and local governments of the importance of dry stone walls. It also seeks to increase the level of training of skilled and semi skilled wallers, and the gaining of rudimentary skills by farmers so that they can maintain their own walls". Melton Star Weekly article about the Stone Wallslandscapes of significance -
Tarnagulla History Archive
Box of Murray Comrie's Research Notes (Set 1), Murray Comrie's Research Notes (Set 1), circa 1960s-80s
Murray Comrie Collection. Murray Comrie, born in Tarnagulla in 1912 also became a policeman and later a Chief Superintendent, retiring in 1972 and passing away in 1983 after a long illness. Murray Comrie's son Murray Jnr., to avoid confusion became known by his middle name, Neil. Neil Comrie also joined Victoria Police and rose through the ranks to become Chief Commissioner of Victoria Police from 1993 to 2001. Blue-grey archive box containing research notes of Murray Comrie. Within this set are multiple archival folders with the following subject matter: Banks Lodge Gold & mining War/Military Local people Buildings Businesses Local government Post Offices Policing Recreation Reserve Railway Clubs & Societies Band/Music Hotels Churches Schools Fire Brigade Laanecoorie Early white history General (including many captions that accompanied photographs - which were separated from the photos for preservation storage reasons). The contents of these files were research notes compiled by Murray Comrie during his research for a book about Tarnagulla. tarnagulla, comrie, research, banks, lodge, gold & mining, war/military, local people, buildings, businesses, local government, post offices, policing, recreation reserve, railway, clubs & societies, band/music, hotels, churches, schools, fire brigade, laanecoorie, names -
Tarnagulla History Archive
Box of Murray Comrie's Research Notes (Set 2), Murray Comrie's Research Notes (Set 2), circa 1960s-80s
Murray Comrie Collection. Murray Comrie, born in Tarnagulla in 1912 also became a policeman and later a Chief Superintendent, retiring in 1972 and passing away in 1983 after a long illness. Murray Comrie's son Murray Jnr., to avoid confusion became known by his middle name, Neil. Neil Comrie also joined Victoria Police and rose through the ranks to become Chief Commissioner of Victoria Police from 1993 to 2001. Blue-grey archive box containing research notes of Murray Comrie. Contains: A series of 17 notepads in which Comrie has annotated historical information from local newspapers. A very long rolled up piece of paper on which is printed the Comrie family tree A yellow envelope containing photogrpahs which are low-quality and/or duplicates of other images in the Murray Comrie Collection. A ledger in which Comrie has listed every Police Station in Victoria and its establishment date. Four vinyl non-archival document binders in which Comrie's research notes and photographs were housed when donated. Material was transferred out of these for preservation reasons. The contents of this box were compiled or used by Murray Comrie during his research for a book about Tarnagulla. tarnagulla, comrie, research, banks, lodge, gold & mining, war/military, local people, buildings, businesses, local government, post offices, policing, recreation reserve, railway, clubs & societies, band/music, hotels, churches, schools, fire brigade, laanecoorie, names -
Tarnagulla History Archive
Box of Donald Clark's Research Notes, Donald Clark's Research Notes, circa 1960s-2000s
Donald Clark Collection. Blue-grey archive box containing research notes of Donald Clark. Within this set are multiple archival folders with the following subject matter: Hotels Gold, prospecting & mining Peace Picnic Street lighting Churches Cemetery Poems Shire of Bet Bet Chinese Clubs Police Transport Local businesses/premises Local people Post Offices Previous history work / previous history enquiries Back To Tarnagulla events Victoria Theatre / Entertainment Schools Water and waterways Early town Mapping and geography Photocopies of photos Miscellaneous Rail Link Centenary Newbridge Eddington Waanyarra Bet bet (town) Llanelly Murphy's Creek / Irishtown Laanecoorie Military Service Fire Brigade Tarnagulla Landmarks / Places of Interest Family Histories Births, Deaths, Marriage info Transcript of St. Saviour's Records A plastic pocket containing duplicate copies of local history images held elsewhere in the collection. The contents of these files were research notes compiled by Donald Clark from his local history research about Tarnagulla and district. tarnagulla & district, donald clark, research -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Book - The Making of a Mining Community: Bethanga, Victoria 1875 - 1885, Published 1993
A publication by La Trobe University to support the teaching of V.C.E History Unit 1: Local History. It is presented as 6 investigations focused on aspects of community through a case study of the Upper Bethanga district in Northeast Victoria from 1875 to 1885.A publication by La Trobe University to support the teaching of V.C.E History Unit 1: Local History. It consists of 94 pages including images, maps and document extracts.A publication by La Trobe University to support the teaching of V.C.E History Unit 1: Local History. It is presented as 6 investigations focused on aspects of community through a case study of the Upper Bethanga district in Northeast Victoria from 1875 to 1885.local history, vce resources, bethanga community, bethanga history -
Wodonga & District Historical Society Inc
Negative - Haeusler Glass Negatives Collection - Miner's Hut, Felltimber Creek, Wodonga, c1910
The Wodonga Historical Society Haeusler Collection provides invaluable insight into life in late nineteenth and early twentieth century north east Victoria. The collection comprises manuscripts, personal artefacts used by the Haeusler family on their farm in Wodonga, and a set of glass negatives which offer a unique visual snapshot of the domestic and social lives of the Haeusler family and local Wodonga community. The Haeusler family migrated from Prussia (Germany) to South Australia in the 1840s and 1850s, before purchasing 100 acres of Crown Land made available under the Victorian Lands Act 1862 (also known as ‘Duffy’s Land Act’) in 1866 in what is now Wodonga West. The Haeusler family were one of several German families to migrate from South Australia to Wodonga in the 1860s. This digital image was produced from one of the glass negatives that form part of the collection, probably taken by Louis Haeusler (b.1887) with the photographic equipment in the Wodonga Historical Society Haeusler Collection. This item is unique and has well documented provenance and a known owner. It forms part of a significant and representative historical collection which reflects the local history of Wodonga. It contributes to our understanding of domestic and family life in early twentieth century Wodonga, as well as providing interpretative capacity for themes including local history and social history.Digital image created from the Haeusler Glass negative collection. Two men sitting outside a wood and bark miner's hut at Felltimber Creek near Wodonga.wodonga pioneers, haeusler family, glass negatives, dry plate photography, felltimber creek, mining victoria -
Clunes Museum
Document - EXTRACTS
... PURCHASED 10/2/1874 local history document local government shire ...DATES OF IMPORTANCE; NORTH CLUNES STATE SCHOOL OPENED 2. JULY 1875. RAILWAY TO CLUNES OPENED 16/10/1874, WATER WORKS PURCHASED 10/2/1874CREAM COVER, WIRE BOUND STUDENT'S EXERCISE BOOK.CONTAINING EXTRACTS FROM VARIOUS SOURCES 1869. FROM GOLDFIELDS AND MINERAL DISTRICTS OF VICTORIA BY R. BROUGH SMYTH 1869local history, document, local government, shire, mining -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - Kangaroo Flat Gold Mine Collection: underground in Swan Decline, Kangaroo Flat Gold Mine, 2000
The modern mine is accessed via the Swan Decline, which commences at the Kangaroo Flat site on the southern outskirts of Bendigo and progresses in a north easterly direction between the Deborah and Sheepshead anticlines, reaching a depth of almost 1000 m below the City of Bendigo. Development of this decline commenced in 1998. Swan Decline closed and history preserved In a major rehabilitation milestone at Kangaroo Flat, the Swan Decline Bendigo’s primary gateway to underground mining, was permanently closed in December 2022. Important parts of Bendigo’s gold rush history were also preserved from the onsite office buildings with 19 boxes of records, and 1350 old photos being scanned and provided to the local historical societies and the Goldfields Library Corporation. A volunteer from the Bendigo Historical Society, Kay MacGregor, also scanned approximately 40 bookshelves of newspaper clippings to assist with recording and preserving geological drilling locations.Black and white photocopies of photographs of Swan Decline, showing some stages of underground construction. Eleven images on 3 pages, dated 16/4/2000 (10 a.m.) show decline walls, rock bolts and markout of tunnel shape. One image shows a utility in the tunnel. Final three images on one page, have notations on the photos: 'opposite SP18 LHS decline', 'just up from previous 3 box positions' and 'just up from tank, same side' On bottom RH side 'spots for scale attention, IT required, all lower decline.' All three images dated 12/6/2000.goldmining, kangaroo flat gold mine, western mining corporation, unity mining, swan decline -
Clunes Museum
Document - GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, PROFESSOR. J.W.GREGORY, F.R.S, D.SC., DIRECTOR, CIRCA 1903
... NO 6 THE CLUNES GOLD FIELDS local history docoments ...NO 6 THE CLUNES GOLD FIELDSBULLETINS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF VICTORIAlocal history, docoments, geological survey, mining -
Clunes Museum
Book, PINNACLE PRINTING CO. PTY.LTD, VICTORIA 150 YEARS OF GOLD, 2001
... LOCAL HISTORY DOCUMENT BOOK GOLD MINING GOLD MINING HISTORY ...VICTORIA 150 YEARS OF GOLD HISTORYGOLD COVERED BOOK - VICTORIA 150 YEARS OF GOLDnon-fictionVICTORIA 150 YEARS OF GOLD HISTORYlocal history, document, book, gold, mining, gold, mining, history