Showing 640 items
matching the australian sketcher
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National Wool Museum
Book, Wool and the nation: a sketch of the wool industry in Australia
"Wool and the nation: a sketch of the wool industry in Australia"- Goldsbrough Mort and Company Ltd , 1946Brian S Turnerwool - history textile industry - history wool brokering, goldsbrough, mort and company limited, wool - history, textile industry - history, wool brokering -
National Wool Museum
Booklet, Wool and the Nation
"Wool and the Nation: a sketch of the wool industry in Australia" - Goldsbrough, Mort & Co. Ltd, 3rd ed., 1960.shearing wool brokering woolclassing wool processing wool - history, goldsbrough, mort and company limited, shearing, wool brokering, woolclassing, wool processing, wool - history -
Nillumbik Shire Council
Painting: Camilla TADICH, Camilla Tadich, 6.23am Kangaroo Ground, 2009
Tadich spends time observing night time phenomena, the light from the moon, street lights and other sources; atmospheric states, fog and dampness and the nature of surfaces, vegetation, road, vehicles and buildings. She uses photographs and sketches before settling on the final idea for a work.This painting is typical of Tadich's recent work. She continues her exploration of the Australian landscape (most often the local, Nillumbik Shire). It is 'a dramatic interplay between narrative, landscape and the binaries of light/dark and the known/unknown of local landscape. The swathes of darkness within the work(s) pose questions about our inscribed fears and tensions, both cultural and existential'. (catalogue, 'Silent Space' Ex. 2006) Tadich's early experiences of fireworks, simple fireworks and bonfire in the surrounding bush of her outer Melbourne home, caught her imagination. She was inspired to investigate the issues surrounding nights in the bush. In this painting the narrative is ambiguous, the pinpricks of light, in this case from the car headlights provide a critical element. We can distinguish familiar features, a road, trees and a car that suggest human presence. However, what is going on is unclear. The resulting tension can leave us unsure, unsettled and anxious.Oil on canvascamilla tadich, nillumbik shire council, kangaroo ground -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book - Book - Family History, Born on the Banks of the Murrumbidgee, 2009
The story of McCormick family spanning 2 centuries from 1809 on the Isle of Wight and Ireland to 2009 in Australia. Contains details of reunion 14 November 2009 on leaflet insert. Peppercorn trees still standing on Harston property.Pale green soft covered book, background of peppercorn leaves, rocking chair on wooden floor. Writing and sketch in black ink. Sketch by well known cartoonist and artist Jeff Hook.Born on the Banks of the Murruambidge - the chant of Peter Mcormick - Stories of his Life and his peopleparker and chambers, jeff hock, mulcahy family, parker family, chambers family, mccormick family, family reunions, harston -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book, Joyce Hammond, Walls of Wire, 1990
A social history of the humane internment and POW camps set up during W.W.2 at Tatura, Rushworth, and Murchison in Central Victoria. Tatura camp was one of the largest internment camps in Australia holding approximately 12,000 - 13,000 people of multicultures from almost every country in the world.Hard cover, with Asiatic children from Tatura camp 4 enjoying a picnic at Waranga Basin. Front photo surrounded with a sketch of wire. B\W photos and sketches.Dedication to the memory of the author's husband, Alan Hammond.prisoners of war and internment camps - victoria - history -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book, Joyce Hammond, Walls of Wire, 1990
A social history of the humane internment and POW camps set up during W.W.2 at Tatura, Rushworth, and Murchison in Central Victoria. Tatura camp was one of the largest internment camps in Australia holding approximately 12,000 - 13,000 people of multicultures from almost every country in the world.Hard cover, with Asiatic children from Tatura camp 4 enjoying a picnic at Waranga Basin. Front photo surrounded with a sketch of wire. B\W photos and sketches.Dedication to the memory of the author's husband, Alan Hammond.prisoners of war and internment camps - victoria - history -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book, Backyard of Mars, 180
Written by E Barcs, a correspondent for a firm of Hungarian newspapers, expelled from Mussolini's Italy in 1938. Came to Australia. Was Interned after Pearl HarbourHard cover, navy blue, book gold gold on spine. Red dustcover, navy printing. Sketch of 2 army officers and 2 men on front cover. Copy of photo of a man on back of dust coverbarcs e, gohl e, camp 4, tatura, ww2 -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book, Scouting 1922 - 1982, 1982
Written to celebrate 75 years of scouting in Moira District.Grey cover, brown writing. Sketch of boys swinging on a rope at Dookie in 1981. Scout Emblem, Australia on back. 64 pagesFront: Scouting. Shepparton 1922 - 1982 Back: scout emblemscouting, shepparton 1922-1982, ford m l, tatura, shepparton scouting -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book, Backyard of Mars
Written by E Barcs, a correspondent for a firm of Hungarian newspapers, expelled from Mussolini's Italy in 1938. Came to Australia. Was Interned after Pearl Harbour.Hard cover, navy blue, book gold gold on spine. Red dustcover, navy printing. Sketch of 2 army officers and 2 men on front cover. Copy of photo of a man on back of dust cover. 227 pages. -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Notelet, 1940's
Issued for internee use at Camp 3, Tatura, by the Australian Young Mens' Christian AssociationChristmas greeting notelet, front "cover" features cut-out map of Australia, picture of a kangaroo in bottom left hand corner and of an emu in bottom right hand corner. Painted red bow at "spine"|Second page features sketch of internment camp trees and barracks. Part is seen through a cut out on front page. Printed on Page 3 in German : Christmas /New Year greeting and organisation responsible for production of notelet. Stapled togetherww2, camps, documents, cards -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book, Art behind the wire, 2014
The untold story of refugee families interned in Australia during the second world warrectangular, white cover, with a black pen and ink sketch of two horses. behind barbed wire with a tree in the forground. B/W photos, colourful picturesart -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Book, Dunera Lives. Volume 1 A Visual History, 2018
A remarkable, thoroughly researched and detailed record of "Dunera" internee artists with examples of their varied styles of water and colour paintings, sketches and cartoons. Vivid reminders of the whole experience of internment in Australia during World War 2 for these men. Launched at the Jewish Museum in St Kilda, Sunday July 8th and Monday July 9th at Readings Books in Melbourne.Visual history of camp life of the Dunera boysBlue soft cover, with front cover painting by Emil Wittenberg. Painted at Tatura on 23rd May 1941, depicts a group of Dunera internees behind barbed wire. B/W and colour photos, sketches, paintings and watercolour.To the memory of Amirah Inglis. A photograph of Kenneth Stanley Inglis, 7 October 1929 - 1 December 2017dunera boys -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Sketch - Copy, Barracks at Camp 2
Nicola Cua lived with his Italian parents in London. Interned when Italy came into the war as Germany's ally. Transported on "Dunera" to Australia to Camp 2. Photocopy of a sketch held in British Museum Records of Internment WW2Black and white sketch of four huts in foreground with gum tree centre front of 2nd hut on right side. On extreme right more huts are visible. Black frame - gold stripIndecipherablesketch, pen and ink, camp 2, tatura, ww2 camp 2, illustrations, pen, ink -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Photograph, Winkler Sketch
Kurt Winker was born in Germany in 1902 and was a survivor of the "Arandora Star". He was sent to Australia on the "Dunera" where he was interned at Tatura 1940-1945.camp 3, photograph, people, winkler, kurwin -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Sketch, Camp 3
There were 7 camps in the area during World War II which held about 4,000-8,000 people at any one time. 3 camps housed Prisoners Of War who were enemy servicemen captured in various theatres of war around the world and transported to Australia for the duration of the war. The remaining 4 camps held Internees who were civilians living in Australia or other Allied territories and countries at the outbreak of war and were deemed to be a security risk because of their nationality. The camps were situated in the Goulburn Valley as food was plentiful here and there was a good supply of water from the Waranga Basin.A coloured sketch showing all the compounds at Tatura War and Internment Camp.internment, ww2, world war two, tatura, goulburn valley, war camps, prisoner of war, prisoner of war camps -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Folio, Camp 3
Material collected relating to Camp 3. Material relating to Palestine Group of Internees in Camp 3 Theatre Programs & lists of cast.. Wilhelm Fugmann, Director. Coloured sketch of stage with setting presented to Prompter, Julia Mueller, autographed by the Theatre Group. 1945 Christmas Greetings from the Camp Leaders. "Templers in Israel" by Yossi Ben-Artzi. "Loyalties at Swordpoint - Lutheran Missionaries in Wartime New Guinea" by H.N. Nelson. Records of Resi, Maria, Erich & Friedrich Haering; Rudolf Hoefer, Willy & Else Groezinger, Ruth Stoll, Gisela Stellar. Copies of letters written by Wilhelm Stoll in 1946 seeking employment in S.A. Recollections from Ted Stoll. Obituary of Ruth Stoll. Play (in German) "Prinzess Chiu", written by Fritz Prager for his daughter in Camp 3. Prager, a German businessman in Sydney, Australia, interned with his brother, Hans in Camp 1. Fritz and Hans were later joined by their families in Camp 3. Copy of "FHP Communications", in which Fritz describes how his company, F.H. Prager & Coy. became established. Letter from Ursula Grimsdale describing how the two brothers came to be interned. Prager Company Newsletter from Ursula Grimsdale. Birth certificate of Heidi Wennagel, born in Camp 1 Hospital. Painted backdrop and theatre scene presented to Jula Mueller.Black 3 ring folder with printed material in plastic sleevesdocuments, reports -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Folio, Camp 3
Material collected and donated Material relating to Camp 3 and the Internees from Palestine. Sketch map of Camp 3 Memorium to Dieter Ruff, former Head of the Temple Society. Photo of steam passenger train at Rushworth Station. Various group photos. Copy of sketch of hut by Winkler. "in the Internment Camp Tatura" by K.M. Pfander Copy of talk given to her former pupils by Gudrun Gollong, in 1978. Poem written in Camp by Annie Lorenz. Poem by unknown writer "Life's Daily Routine" Interview with Babette Kirsch. Copy of children's learning book in German. Photos of toys and craft made for Kaltenbach family. Copy of Kaltenbach barracks by Cesare Vagarini. Story of Wilhelm Kuebler. Photos of wooden boxes made for Sgt. Cubbin. Copy of letter in German confirming the death in Camp of the two Stuerzenhofecker children. Copy of records Theo Stoll. School records Waltraud Doster Copy of Marriage Certificate Vollmer/Zollinger, August 1946. Recollections of Private Ashworth, guard at Camp 3. Photo taken 2001 by John Wepner of pump which supplied water to Camps 3 & 4 from No. 9 channel. Sketch of canoe made in camp from a sheep drinking trough by the Haering family. "From the Holy Land to the Home of the Kangaroo", by Hedwig Schnerring, translated by Peter Hornung, donor- Guenther Schnerring. "The Long Arm of the Third Reich" by Christine Winter. Photocopied extract of Walter Odorich Stenner's diary account of the transportation from Haifa to Australia. Research - Tatura WW2 Internment Camp 3, Annie Leschen Copy of map showing pump sites for water for Camps 3 and 4 Copy (laser) of a painting donated by Frieder Vollmer, artist "D 1943"? Adalbert Stern, Sir Nicholas - Son of Dunera boy "Adalbert Stern Copies of photos (4) of 2 cakes of Lux soap with pictures of "Roll Call, Tatura 1941" on one side and "Lux Toilet Soap" on the other Newspaper Article from "The Age" 14/04/1999 re Vagarini Exhibition Camp 3TaturaBlack 3 ring folder with printed matter and photos in plastic sleeves.documents, reports -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages
Book, R M W Dixon, The handbook of Australian languages : volume 4, the Aboriginal language of Melbourne and other grammatical sketches, 1991
maps, word lists, b&w illustrations, b&w photographs -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages
Book, Julie Reid, Wergaia community grammar and dictionary, 2007
This consultation draft is a sketch grammar of Wergaia, incorporating a revised Wergaia Wordlist (version 1), now renamed Wergaia dictionary, which was developed from recent and historical sources, and funded by the Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages. It is not intended for use as a language course. To fully understand its contents, the reader will need a high level of knowledge about the structure of Australian languages. Rather, it is intended for use as an adjunct to a course in Wergaia, such as the VCE Study Design Indigenous Languages of Victoria: Revival and Reclamation - Wergaia.colour photographs, b&w photographs, word listswergaia, wotjobaluk, barengi gadyin land council inc, grammar, language learning -
Wangaratta RSL Sub Branch
Framed Cloth, Wangaratta Picture Framers, C1940
Hand draw sketch on cloth handkerchief by Private Edward CURRAN VX143967 - Born Wangaratta 6/6/1923 Service - CMF 23/1/1942-11/7/1943 AIF 12/7/1943-15/10/1945 24th Battalion Embarked 29/3/1943 for New Guinea. Cotton handkerchief depicting hand drawn sketch by soldier whilst on active service in New Guinea during second world war.Brown timber frame and beige mount containing sketch of a koala in a blue diamond above a boomerang on cloth Bouganville New Guinea 24th Battalion AIF "I Hold Fast" Plaque with inscription "Private Edward Joseph Curran 24th Infantry Battalion Australian Imperial Force - New Guinea and Bougainville"new guinea, ww2, 24 battalion, edward curran -
Wangaratta RSL Sub Branch
Framed Sketch
Limited edition plaque containing artwork by Dick Evans to commemorate the 70th Anniversary of the Returned Services League of Australia created exclusively for members of the RSL and their next of kin.Silver plate frame with black mount containing RSL crest and sketch of Airman"Commemorating the 70th Anniversary of the Returned Services League of Australia 1916-1986rsl, 70th anniversary -
Wangaratta RSL Sub Branch
Framed Print
Dark timber frame with gold edging depicting sketch of Aussie Diggers with campaign ribbons 1901-2001. Image of Rising Sun Badge centered at top , Australian Flag left top corner, three rows of campaign ribbons either side of circular map of the world across the bottom.The Australian Army 1901-2001 "The Spirit - Ordinary people - Extraordinary Service"campaign ribbons, australian army, 1901-2000 -
Wangaratta RSL Sub Branch
Books - Army issue, Private Alfred William VONARX VX29295
Collection of assorted Army standard issued books and personal papers including hand sketch of camp 'Kilo 89' in Palestine belonging to Private Alfred VONARX VX29295 who was born on 5/1/1901 at Docker Plains near Wangaratta. He enlisted on the 4/7/1940 at Seymour and assigned to the 2/7th Battalion which was deployed to the Middle East and later New Guinea.Soldiers Pay Book X 2, Bible & Meal Card, The Australian Soldiers Pocket Book, Clothing ration book and note book camp kilo 89, private alfred vonarx, vx29295, ww2, palestine -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages
Periodical, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Australian Aboriginal studies : journal of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, 2010
Mediating conflict in the age of Native Title Peter Sutton (The University of Adelaide and South Australian Museum) Mediators have played roles in managing conflict in Aboriginal societies for a long time. This paper discusses some of the similarities and differences between older customary mediator roles and those of the modern Native Title process. Determinants of tribunal outcomes for Indigenous footballers Neil Brewer, Carla Welsh and Jenny Williams (School of Psychology, Flinders University) This paper reports on a study that examined whether football tribunal members? judgments concerning players? alleged misdemeanours on the sporting field are likely to be shaped by extra-evidential factors that disadvantage players from Indigenous backgrounds. Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian Football League (AFL) players, matched in terms of their typical levels of confidence and demeanour in public situations, were interrogated in a mock tribunal hearing about a hypothetical incident on the football field. The specific aim was to determine if the pressures of such questioning elicited behavioural differences likely to be interpreted as indicative of testimonial unreliability. Mock tribunal members (number = 103) then made judgments about the degree to which a number of behavioural characteristics were evident in the players? testimonies. Under intense interrogation, Indigenous players were judged as presenting less confidently and displaying a greater degree of gaze aversion than non-Indigenous players. These behavioural characteristics are commonly ? and inappropriately ? used as cues or heuristics to infer testimonial accuracy. The paper discusses the implications for Indigenous players appearing at tribunal hearings ? and for the justice system more broadly. Timothy Korkanoon: A child artist at the Merri Creek Baptist Aboriginal School, Melbourne, Victoria, 1846?47 ? a new interpretation of his life and work Ian D Clark (School of Business, University of Ballarat) This paper is concerned with the Coranderrk Aboriginal artist Timothy Korkanoon. Research has uncovered more about his life before he settled at the Coranderrk station in 1863. Evidence is provided that five sketches acquired by George Augustus Robinson, the former Chief Protector of Aborigines, in November 1851 in Melbourne, and found in his papers in the State Library of New South Wales, may also be attributed to the work of the young Korkanoon when he was a student at the Merri Creek Baptist Aboriginal School from 1846 to 1847. Developing a database for Australian Indigenous kinship terminology: The AustKin project Laurent Dousset (CREDO, and CNRS, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales), Rachel Hendery (The Australian National University), Claire Bowern (Yale University), Harold Koch (The Australian National University) and Patrick McConvell (The Australian National University) In order to make Australian Indigenous kinship vocabulary from hundreds of sources comparable, searchable and accessible for research and community purposes, we have developed a database that collates these resources. The creation of such a database brings with it technical, theoretical and practical challenges, some of which also apply to other research projects that collect and compare large amounts of Australian language data, and some of which apply to any database project in the humanities or social sciences. Our project has sought to overcome these challenges by adopting a modular, object-oriented, incremental programming approach, by keeping metadata, data and analysis sharply distinguished, and through ongoing consultation between programmers, linguists and communities. In this paper we report on the challenges and solutions we have come across and the lessons that can be drawn from our experience for other social science database projects, particularly in Australia. A time for change? Indigenous heritage values and management practice in the Coorong and Lower Murray Lakes region, South Australia Lynley A Wallis (Aboriginal Environments Research Centre, The University of Queensland) and Alice C Gorman (Department of Archaeology, Flinders University) The Coorong and Lower Murray Lakes in South Australia have long been recognised under the Ramsar Convention for their natural heritage values. Less well known is the fact that this area also has high social and cultural values, encompassing the traditional lands and waters (ruwe) of the Ngarrindjeri Nation. This unique ecosystem is currently teetering on the verge of collapse, a situation arguably brought about by prolonged drought after decades of unsustainable management practices. While at the federal level there have been moves to better integrate typically disparate ?cultural? and ?natural? heritage management regimes ? thereby supporting Indigenous groups in their attempts to gain a greater voice in how their traditional country is managed ? the distance has not yet been bridged in the Coorong. Here, current management planning continues to emphasise natural heritage values, with limited practical integration of cultural values or Ngarrindjeri viewpoints. As the future of the Coorong and Lower Murray Lakes is being debated, we suggest decision makers would do well to look to the Ngarrindjeri for guidance on the integration of natural and cultural values in management regimes as a vital step towards securing the long-term ecological viability of this iconic part of Australia. Hearts and minds: Evolving understandings of chronic cardiovascular disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations Ernest Hunter (Queensland Health and James Cook University) Using the experience and reflections of a non-Indigenous clinician and researcher, Randolph Spargo, who has worked in remote Aboriginal Australia for more than 40 years, this paper tracks how those at the clinical coal-face thought and responded as cardiovascular and other chronic diseases emerged as new health concerns in the 1970s to become major contributors to the burden of excess ill health across Indigenous Australia. The paper cites research evidence that informed prevailing paradigms drawing primarily on work in which the clinician participated, which was undertaken in the remote Kimberley region in the north of Western Australia. Two reports, one relating to the Narcoonie quarry in the Strzelecki Desert and the other concerning problematic alcohol use in urban settings.maps, b&w photographs, colour photographs, tablesstrzelecki desert, native title, timothy korkanoon, merri creek baptist aboriginal school, austkin project, coorong, lower murray lakes district, south australia, indigenous health -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages
Book, Robert Brough Smyth, The Aborigines of Victoria : with notes relating to the habits of the natives of other parts of Australia and Tasmania : compiled from various sources for the Government of Victoria by R. Brough Smyth : vol. 1, 1878
Produced in two large volumes, Robert Brough Smyth has collected information on various tribes and their customs, as well as their physical and mental character; birth and education of children; marriage; death and burial of the dead; daily lives of the natives; food; diseases; dress and personal ornaments; weapons; implements and manufacturers; nets and fish hooks; methods of producing fire; canoes and myths. Smyth also devotes about two hundred pages to Aboriginal languages, as well as including details and customs of the aborigines in Tasmania. Complete with hundreds of sketches, the work is still a valuable resource not only for those with in an interest in aboriginal culture, but also those wanting to know the early history of Australia.maps, b&w illustrations, word listsrobert brough smyth, anthropology, aboriginal social life and customs, children, behaviour, death and burial customs, daily life, food, diseases, weapons, shields, boomerang, vessels, baskets, message sticks, stone tool technology, fire, canoes, myths, stories -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages
Book, Robert Brough Smyth, The Aborigines of Victoria : with notes relating to the habits of the natives of other parts of Australia and Tasmania : compiled from various sources for the Government of Victoria by R. Brough Smyth : vol. 2, 1878
Produced in two large volumes, Robert Brough Smyth has collected information on various tribes and their customs, as well as their physical and mental character; birth and education of children; marriage; death and burial of the dead; daily lives of the natives; food; diseases; dress and personal ornaments; weapons; implements and manufacturers; nets and fish hooks; methods of producing fire; canoes and myths. Smyth also devotes about two hundred pages to Aboriginal languages, as well as including details and customs of the aborigines in Tasmania. Complete with hundreds of sketches, the work is still a valuable resource not only for those with in an interest in aboriginal culture, but also those wanting to know the early history of Australia.b&w illustrations, word listsrobert brough smyth, philip chauncy, william ridley, albert le souef, a. w. howitt, john moore davis, william locke, a. f. a. greeves, language comparisons, phrenology, aboriginal social life and customs, death and burial customs, weapons, tasmania, lake tyers, lake wellington, gippsland, ballarat, brabrolong, lake hindmarsh, kotoopna -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages
Book, Mrs James Smith, The Booandik tribe of South Australian Aborigines : a sketch of their habits, customs, legends, and language : also an account of the efforts made by Mr. and Mrs. James Smith to Christianise and civilise them, 1880
... Australian Aborigines : a sketch of their habits, customs, legends ...Stories from the early days of South Australia from an adventurous woman, recounting her experiences with the local Aboriginal community. Much detail of early encounters with domestic animals and mission folk.Word lists, b&w illustrationsbooandik, boandik, buandig -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages
Book, Robert M Dixon, Handbook of Australian Languages. Vol.2, Wargamay, the Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri, Watjarri, Margany and Gunya Tasmanian, 1981
Various authors, includes technical linguistic sketch grammars of Wargamay, Mpakwithi (Anguthimri), Watjarri, Margany, Gunya and a survey of extant Tasmanian materials.Maps, word listswargamay, mpakwithi dialect of anguthimri, watjarri, margany, gunya tasmanian -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages
Book, Robert M Dixon, Handbook of Australian Languages. Vol. 3, Djapu, a Yolngu dialect, Yukulta, Uradhi & Nyawaygi, 1983
Various authors, includes technical linguistic sketch grammars of Djapu (Yolngu), Yukulta, Uradhi, and Nyawaygi.Maps, diagrams, word listsdjapu, yolngu, yukulta, uradhi, nyawaygi -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages
Book, Robert M Dixon, The handbook of Australian languages. Vol.5, Grammatical sketches of Bunuba, Ndje?bbana and Kugu Nganhcara, 2000
Maps, word listsbunuba, ndjebbana, kugu nganhcara, south kimberley region, western australia, central arnhem land, cape york peninsula, north queensland, language programs, bilingual education, language in media