It took 15 years to invent the can. It took 100 more to invent a standard way to open it. In the 19th century, decades after the invention of canning, there were virtually no can openers. Canned food, such as sardines, came with its own "key" to peel back the tin lid. Birth of the can One of the oddest things about the can opener is that the can predates it by almost 150 years. Though common today, cans were once military-grade technology. In 1795, Napoleon, to whom the phrase "an army marches on its stomach" is attributed, offered 12,000 francs to anyone who could find a way to preserve food. Without any knowledge of bacteria or their role in food spoilage, scientists didn't even know where to begin. It took 15 years before a chef named Nicholas Appert claimed the prize after successfully jarring food. Soon after that, his countryman Philippe de Girard came up with a variant on Appert's method—metal tins—and sold the idea to the British. Spoiled food, and the sickness it caused, was a widespread problem. The public would have benefited from canned food, but for decades cans were almost exclusively for the army and the navy. The canning process, with its hours of boiling and steaming, its scrupulous cleanliness, its heated metal, and its need for a great deal of disposable material, made canned food far too expensive for anyone but the military. No can openers were needed or even possible. The metal of early cans was too thick to make openers practical. Soldiers and sailors had plenty of sharp objects on hand and made ample use of them when they wanted to eat. During the 19th century, the process of canning was refined and mechanised, and the metal wall of the average can slimmed down enough that a civilian could get it open—if that civilian had the right tool. No one had that tool yet, so early cans had to open themselves. In other words, they came with built-in openers. The result was a confusing but pleasing free-for-all, in terms of product engineering. Each type of food came with its own kind of can, and each kind of can came with its own kind of opener. Tinned fish and meat were often sold in rectangular cans. These cans were fitted with a "key" that would roll down the top of the can. Coffee, beans, and other types of meat were packaged in cylinders with metal strips that could be peeled back with their own kinds of built-in keys. Cans of milk, which didn't need to be completely opened, came with puncture devices. As tinned food became more common, its containers became more regular. A nice cylindrical can became the norm, and, as these cans filled kitchens, more engineers put their minds to finding a convenient way to open all of them. The first standalone can opener worked on a simple principle: point, stab, and pull. From the mid-19th century to the end of World War I, the typical can opener looked roughly like a wrench, if the lower 'jaw' of the wrench were replaced with a blade. People used the blade to puncture the top of the can near its edge, push the upper jaw against the side of the can, and drag the blade through the metal along the rim. Because meat was the first and most popular canned substance, these can openers were often shaped to look like cows and given the nickname 'bully beef can openers'. The bully beef can opener, popular in the mid-19th century, resulted in many lost fingers. Bully beef can openers were so common, effective, and sturdy that they are still frequently available on collectors' sites. Some are advertised as “still working,” and every last one of them is, without a doubt, soaked in the blood of our ancestors. Dragging a sharp blade along the edge of a can is certain to cause injury sooner or later. So once people got a reliable can shape and a reliable way to get the can open, the search was on for a reliable way to get a can open without the possibility of losing a finger. The answer came in 1925, from the Star Can Opener Company of San Francisco. This is probably the first can opener that resembles the one people have in their kitchens today. Instead of using a blade to pry open a metal can, buyers could clamp the edge of the can between two wheels and twist the handle of one of the wheels to move the blade around the lip. The Star can openers weren't perfect. Compared to the bully beef model, they were flimsy and breakable, but they probably prevented a few injuries. Six short years after the Star model came to market, the first electric can opener was invented. It was patented in 1931 by the Bunker Clancey Company of Kansas City, who had already been sued by the Star Can Opener Company for trying sell a double-wheeled can opener like the Star model (the case was dismissed). The electric can opener must have seemed like the wave of the future and a sure-fire seller, but it proved to be too far ahead of its time. In 1931 not that many households had electricity, and those that did weren't interested in buying can openers. The Bunker Clancey Company was subsequently bought by the Rival Company, which still makes small appliances like can openers today. It took another 25 years for electrically powered can openers to become practical. In the 1950s, Walter Hess Bodle and his daughter, Elizabeth Bodle, developed an electric can opener in the family garage. Walter came up with the opener's blades and motor, and Elizabeth sculpted the outside. Their can opener was a free-standing unit that could sit on the kitchen counter. The Udico brand of the Union Die Casting Company put it on the market in time for Christmas in 1956 and had great success with it. Over the next few years it came out in different styles and colours, and, like the bully beef can opener, has become a collector's item. Also like the bully beef model, Udico can openers often still work. They don't make 'em like they used to. Although there have been some design changes and refinements over the last sixty years, there have yet to be any more leaps forward in can opener technology. If you're resentfully opening a can, you are almost certainly doing it using the Star design, manually forcing the can between two wheels, or the Bodle design, clamping the can into a free-standing electrical opener. Whether or not you enjoy your holiday meals, at least you can be happy that you are not getting poisoned by your own food or cutting open your hand with the blade you use to get at it. That's something, right?The can opener is still a very important and essential item in most kitchens.Can opener, right handed, metal, upper blade section serrated, inscription 'Peerless Pat.Feb 11-90'.Peerless Pat.Feb 11-90flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, cannning, can opener, kitchen equipment

Running Creek belonged to the Upper Kiewa Valley Cricket Association and were premiers in 1913 - 1914. They dressed in whites with long sleeved shirts and trousers. The umpire was dressed very formally. The names of the players are local families and included brothers or relations with the same surname.Historical: Running Creek were premiers of the Upper Kiewa Valley Cricket Association in 1913 - 1914. Their team consisted of local men some of whom were related. The occasion was important enough to have a photo and to remember it possibly hanging the photo up in a public place eg. club rooms.Black & white photo of Running Creek Cricket Team, Premiers 1913 - 1914. Upper Kiewa Valley Cricket Association Far left - The umpire fully dressed in suit & hat and far right man with white shirt & black trousers. In between 13 cricketers in 2 rows and a child beside the cup at the front. Names of players are typed below the photo. Photo is glued on grey cardboard, framed in brown decorative wooden frame. Back: String attached 1 side only.Title, names of players. Grey cardboard - Vine's Studios / Wangaratta. On back handwritten "Donated by Mrs J. Woodside / Guluguba / Queensland / on 19 July 1972cricket. running creek. upper kiewa valley cricket association. sport. vine's studio.

Golden Square High School in the city of Bendigo, was established in temporary accommodation at Camp Hill Primary School in central Bendigo in 1960. With the completion of the new school's buildings, it moved to Golden Square in 1962, providing for Forms 1 to 6, now known as years 7 to 12. In 1978 it became a 7–10 school and was one of the original feeder schools to Bendigo Senior High School. In 1986, a Hearing Impaired Unit was established and in 1990 it underwent a name change to become Golden Square Secondary College. The Golden Square Secondary College campus closed on 28 November 2008. It merged with Kangaroo Flat and Flora Hill secondary colleges as part of the implementation of the Bendigo Education Plan. Its buildings were demolished. (Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Square_Secondary_College)Golden Square High School Blazer. The green blazer has one upper and two lower pockets, each lined at the top with a strip of gold fabric with diagonal red stripes and a row of red stitching bordering the strip. The top pocket shows the school emblem i colours of green, gold, red and white in square and rectangular block formation. "High School" is written in gold against a white background at the top of the emblem and "Golden Square" is embroidered in part circle below the emblem. The name is dark gold against a fainter gold background. The Blazer is fastened with three buttons. Only one button remains attached. Another button is in a pocket. A label under the collar reads "Tailored by Clark in Pure wool' "Size 34". Two badges are pinned to the top pocket. "PREFECT" . Reflecting the school colours - gold lettering on red on a green rectangle set against a gold oval shape. "S.R.C." Gold lettering on green background.Written on the label "K Jeffrey 7G". Also written in pen on the lining inside of the upper arm. There is also another crossed out name.gssc, school uniform

.1) Bottom section of messing set, flat one side, semi circle shape the rest. Steel handle & two belt loops. .2) Upper section smaller matching shape. The upper section fits over the bottom section as a lid.military equipment, metalcraft - aluminium, passchendaele barracks trust

Photograph. Black and white photo- ''Monument Hill Mine No. 688'' Level north and 40' N of shaft section.Detail picture of upper limit of Upper Roof showing development of quartz spurs and stringers and formation of ss inclusions 1'' approx 1'.photograph, landscape, monument hill mine

1 photo of upper level of shops including Barkers, Eddies Butcher, Big N Discountelsternwick, buildings, glen huntly rd, barkers, eddies butcher, big n discount, o’donnell, jenny

The area, previously known as Back Creek, was named after Thomas Cottle, who settled in the district in the 1870s, and the original bridge over the Diamond Creek on the road to Strathewen. The original bridge (seen in the photo) was replaced with a new timber bridge at a cost of £1,500, the tender being awarded to a contractor named Birch who commenced work in June 1927. The gentleman in the photo who is resting whilst having a smoke of his pipe is a member of the Belot family.Original sepia photograph mounted on card broken lower left corner and cracked upper rightbelot, bridge, cottles bridge, cottles bridge-strathewan road, diamond creek (creek), heidelberg-kinglake road

Stawell Civic Store, Senghpa's, Commercial Hotel, Oriental Bank/Bank of Australasia, ES & A Bank Upper Main Street Taken from higher up with cars in Main Street looking eastThe removal of verandahs from shop frontsstreetscape

In 1907, the Bendigo Continuation School began and was renamed the Bendigo High School in 1912. Its remit was to provide further education for those wishing to enter the public service, become teachers or attend university. In 1976 it became the first Victorian senior secondary school catering exclusively to Year 11 and 12 students. The phasing out of lower forms was completed by 1979 and in 1984 the school was renamed Bendigo Senior Secondary School.B&W photograph of Bendigo High School students marching at the upper reserve, circa 1947.bhs marching, upper reserve

Postcard. Upper Reserve (now known as QEO). Bendigo C. 1901. (England v Bendigo)

Pale green, square-based, heavy glass bottle with rounded upper corners and a cork stopper.bottles, glassware

Colonel Kenneth Ball, 3173483, HQ 3 Division, Medical.1. Jacket - Wool/Polyester - Khaki, yellow metal buttons, Insignia pips and badges, ribbons. 2. Trousers - wool 70%, Polyester 30% Kahki.Embroidered Australian Army Riding Sun on Upper sleeves.uniform, army

The item relates to Joseph Frederick Gunston No 3077 38th Batt AIF. Refer Cat No’s 1641, 1642, 1643.4.English-German, German-English midget series dictionary, 220 page. Red fabric or leather look hardcover."3/2" on first page upper right side.books-reference, handcrafts-leatherwork, dictionary, german/english

Port of Portland Authority archivesFront: (no inscriptions) Back: 1962 (pencil, upper right)port of portland archives

Port of Portland Authority archivesFront: (no inscriptions) Back: 1962 (pencil, upper right)port of portland archives

Port of Portland Authority archivesFront: (no inscriptions) Back: 1962 (pencil, upper right)port of portland archives

Port of Portland Authority archivesFront: (no inscriptions) Back: 1962 (pencil, upper right)port of portland archives, ida clause

Port of Portland Authority archivesFront: (no inscriptions) Back: Coffee (pencil, upper left)port of portland archives, rail trucks, coffee, cargo, uganda

Port of Portland Authority archivesFront: (no inscriptions) Back: equ012 (pencil, upper left)port of portland archives, construction, earth moving, quarry

This theodolite was used by `Mr Dawson' (presumably William Tennant Dawson c.1820-1873) who `surveyed much of the area around and beyond Stratford'. It was damaged by the fire which burnt the original Roseneath home in 1921, when the Macleods were in residence. (Mrs W.T. Dawson was a Macleod). One little boy aged 3 years was given the job of saving everything on the kitchen table when the fire started at breakfast time. The theodolite was possibly in use by Dawson when he laid out St Kilda Road.This theodoite consists of a bottom plate, which is damaged and has melted metal. This rises to a ball joint, on which is pivoted another plate on which were housed four screws, of which three remain, to adjust the level. Above this is another plate, with compass markings and melted glass."Troughton and Simm's/London" in fine engraving on upper plate.surveyors, instruments

Oil on canvas.Signed and dated upper right corner 'Armstrong '76'

Bromide of surveyor's sketch of the track to Melbourne from Sandridge (Liardet's Beach), 1840. Originals with Lands Department, Melbourne. (possibly the work of William Wedge DARKE?)Slight processing stain upper right, '6' on backbusiness and traders - hotels, william wedge darke, piers and wharves

Official photos - Kiewa Hydro Electric Scheme constructed by the State Electricity Commission of VictoriaOfficial photo of the KHES in the Kiewa Valley1. Upper Kiewa Valley Road 28th March 1940 2. Upper Kiewa Valley Road 23rd August 1940 3. Construction of the Buttresses of Junction Dam Wall. 23rd March 1942 Each black and white photo is labelled with a date.khes, secv

Four photographs of Fortuna Villa,Bendigo Owned and erected by George Lansell A exterior on approach to the Villa B iron lacework to upper veranda to the Villa C exterior iron lacework and glazed return to upper veranda D garden feature including pondEstelle Hewston

With much fanfare and anticipation the Grand Opening of Cornish College was held on Sunday the 12 February 2012. The hall was filled to capacity. It commenced with a Welcome by Rev Dr Robert Johnson, the Welcome to Country, National Anthem and Official Opening and Unveiling of the Plaque. This was then followed by a Musical Item, the dedication of College and Commissioning of the Leaders, a Visual Presentation and short speech by the Reverend David Pargeter. Next was a Musical Item and The Principal, Mr Kerry Bolger's Address. Then the Benediction. White brochure printed on both sides of glossy, heavy A4 paper, folded to A5 size. With a teal upper 10mm border and a black lower 10 mm border. 15mm below upper border is the Cornish College emblem, followed by Cornish College name cornish_college_inaugural_year, education, school

Black high heeled scuffs with velvet uppers. Uppers are red and black checks whith red stripe on the toe side. Shoe size 40/8 has rubber sole tacked on with the word plastic stamped on it. painted toes, black is chipped in some placesshoes ladies

This photograph was printed from a glass negative held in the Society's picture collection. The original glass negative is part of a set donated to the Society by Ian McKenzie, a professional photographer in Kew. Graves within a cemetery, post 1914. A photograph of graves in a cemetery. The photograph, of unknown provenance, is on the lower half of a glass negative. The upper half can be seen in PIC 0053. Given that the upper half is of a grave in Brighton Cemetery, it is possible that this is also the location shown in this photograph.st kilda cemetery, graves, glass negatives

Icon, likely painted by a seamen, possibly depicting an archangel, was given to the mission in 1985 by Polish seamen.IsographyMission to Seafarers Victoria CollectionThick panel of recycled wood with acrylic painted image of an archangel on one side and painted black on verso with blue painted inscriptionupper left : (indecipherable) Golden HERH; upper centre: WITH COMPLIMENTS / FROM POLISH SEAMEN; lwr right corner date: 1985 . 09. 21 [sic]icon painting, isography, polish, seafarer gifts, hobbies, orthodox, byzantine, archangel, saint, seamen, seafarers