Carrie Lam, Hong Kong’s chief executive, had plenty of political support in the territory’s pro-Beijing legislature to pass a bill that would allow extraditions to mainland China. The legislators were set to begin discussing the bill in early June, and intended to vote on it just weeks later. A series of protests took place, and after a June 16 protest saw the largest turnout yet, Ms. Lam made a major concession: She postponed the bill, at least temporarily. It was an undeniable victory for the protesters — but it did little to quell the unrest. Since the bill could later be reintroduced, protesters felt they remained in danger. The police tactics to break up the demonstrations on June 12, including the use of more than 150 tear gas canisters to push protesters far away from the government office, created a new set of demands from the protesters. Now, instead of just calling for the withdrawal of the bill and Ms. Lam’s resignation, they said they wouldn’t be content unless there was an independent investigation of officers’ conduct. They also wanted the release of protesters arrested on June 12, and for the government to rescind its description of the demonstrations as a “riot,” a designation that carries legal significance. None of that has happened. Many analysts say Ms. Lam is unlikely to step down, nor would Beijing accept her resignation if she offered it. She has more wiggle room on the other demands, but has not indicated any willingness to budge. The Hong Kong Protests are a leaderless, digital movement.There is no single leader or group deciding on or steering the strategy, tactics and goals of the movement. Instead, protesters have used forums and messaging apps to decide next steps. Anyone can suggest a course of action, and others then vote on whether they support it. The most popular ideas rise to the top, and then people rally to make them happen. At its best, this structure has empowered many people to participate and have their voices heard. Protesters say it keeps them all safe by not allowing the government to target specific leaders. Their success in halting the extradition bill, which was shelved by the territory’s chief executive, speaks to the movement’s power. Despite the lack of a clear leader, protesters have shown extensive coordination at the demonstrations, having planned the specifics online beforehand. Supply stations are set up to distribute water, snacks, gloves, umbrellas and shields made of cardboard. Volunteer first aid workers wear brightly colored vests. People form assembly lines to pass supplies across long distances, with protesters communicating what they need through a series of predetermined hand signals. Anyone walking in dangerous areas without a helmet or a mask is quickly offered one. No individual can speak on behalf of the protesters, which makes negotiations difficult, if not impossible. (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/world/asia/hong-kong-protest-explained.html, accessed 07/07/2019) Hong Kong’s amended extradition law would allow the extradition of suspects to mainland China for the first time. Supporters say the amendments are key to ensuring the city does not become a criminal refuge, but critics worry Beijing will use the law to extradite political opponents and others to China where their legal protections cannot be guaranteed. The government claims the push to change the law, which would also apply to Taiwan and Macau, stems from the killing last year of a Hong Kong woman while she was in Taiwan with her boyfriend. Authorities in Taiwan suspect the woman’s boyfriend, who remains in Hong Kong, but cannot try him because no extradition agreement is in place. Under the amended law, those accused of offences punishable by seven years or more in prison could be extradited. The new legislation would give Hong Kong’s leader, known as the chief executive, authority to approve extradition requests, after review by the courts. Hong Kong’s legislature, the legislative council, would not have any oversight over the extradition process. Many Hong Kongers fear the proposed extradition law will be used by authorities to target political enemies. They worry the new legislation spells the end of the “one country, two systems” policy, eroding the civil rights enjoyed by Hong Kong residents since the handover of sovereignty from the UK to China in 1997. Many attending the protests on Sunday said they could not trust China as it had often used non-political crimes to target government critics, and said they also feared Hong Kong officials would not be able to reject Beijing’s requests. Legal professionals have also expressed concern over the rights of those sent across the border to be tried. The conviction rate in Chinese courts is as high as 99%. Arbitrary detentions, torture and denial of legal representation of one’s choosing are also common. Many in the protests on Sunday 09 June 2019 said they felt overwhelmed by a sense of helplessness in the face of mainland China’s increasing political, economic and cultural influence in Hong Kong. Hong Kong’s top political leader is not elected by ordinary voters but by a 1,200-strong election committee accountable to Beijing. Half of its legislature are chosen through indirect electoral systems that favour pro-Beijing figures. Many Hong Kongers also cited the jailing of leaders and activists from the 2014 Occupy Central movement– a 79-day mass civil disobedience movement – as well as the disqualification of young localist lawmakers as signs of the erosion of civil freedoms. Resentment towards China has been intensified by soaring property prices – with increasing numbers of mainland Chinese buying properties in the city – as well as the government’s “patriotic education” drive, and the large numbers of mainland tourists who flock to Hong Kong. Many Hong Kongers are also concerned about China’s growing control over the city’s news media, as they increasingly self-censor and follow Beijing’s tacit orders. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/10/what-are-the-hong-kong-protests-about-explainerSeven police officers stand guard in front of Hong Kong's main police headquarters on Arsenal Street in Wan Chai as an estimated one thousand protestors surround on 26 June 2019. Protestors take turns to step up and hurl abuse at the officers, in a protest lasting 6 hours before peacefully dispersing. The protesters chanted 'Release the martyrs' and 'Stop police violence' in reference to violent clashes with police in the days previous. ( https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3016238/hong-kong-police-under-siege-again-protesters-surround)carrie lam, hong kong protests, extraditions, protest, protestors, police, wan chai

Queen Victoria on 22 January 1901. Mourning stationery for letters, both writing paper and envelopes, was printed with black borders, of varying depths, as a token of bereavement. Black sealing wax, black leather blotters, and jet paperknives were also sometimes used. Foolscap letters on Education Department Melbourne letterhead, relating to Harold Leckie, J. Brangan and William J. Lakeland.victorian education department, ballarat school of mines, theoretical chemistry, metallurgy, harold leckie, joseph j. brangan, willaim j. lakeland

https://royalsouthstreet.com.au/zHandwritten letter on Grand National Eisteddfod of Australasia letterhead.Dear Sir Will you kindly let W. Powell of the "Echo" office have one of your latest photos without delay to be placed in the guide book and oblige Yours faithfully WD Hill Gen Sec.grand national eisteddfod of australasia, south street competitions, south st debating society, w.d. hill, ballarat school of mines, frederick j. martell

Valve sitting on a round timber platform."Minniwall" Made in USA 7Lvalve, scientific instrument, miniwall

From the Argus, Friday 18 July 1879:- SAFETY MINING CAGES. The report of the board on safety mining cages was laid on the table of the Legislative Assembly fortnight The board, which has tested the following inventions Nances, Williams patent, Jackson and Middleton's patent Sesmours patent, Allans patent, and Hassan a patent, reports as follows - 1. That the preponderance of evidence given by miners and others qualified to form an opinion is strongly in favour of the adop-tion of a safety cage for general use in the mines of this colony, provided that a reliable invention can be brought forward, and its practical utility satisfactorily determined 2. That in view of the rapid increase of cage accidents, and supported by the evidence before them, the board are of opinion that some special provision should be made to check such a prolific source of danger as is shown to exist in the working of the shaft and machinery employed for winding purposes. 3. That this check could be imposed by means of such a regulation as that at present contained in the statute, i e -" Every cage used in a mine shall be fitted with special and suitable appliances to prevent its sudden fall down a shaft and also to prevent its coming into contact with the poppet heads." The board, however, consider that mine proprietors should be permitted to exercise their own discretion in the selection of safety cages, but safety hooks and balance catches must be used in connexion with every case 4. That the board have witnessed trials of all the inventions brought under their notice, and from the result of their observations the members are of opinion that the adoption of these safety appliances will afford additional security to the large section of the community engaged in mining operations.48 foolscap pages report stitched together. safety cages, safety mining cages, george collins levey, mining, mitchell and osborne's patent safety catches for mining cages, mining cages, seymour's patent safety cage, pryor's safety cage, white's safety cage, mining accidents, dyke's freehold gmc creswick, angelo mining co castlemaine, britannia qmc ballarat, alexander kennedy smith, george r. fincham, henry roberts williams, robert clark, r. richardson, allan's patent balalrat, hassan's patent daylesford, david white, charles stewart, w.h. grainger, h.b. nicholas, t. hassan, r. allan, a.k. smith, james thomson, william collard smith, j.h. seymour, john s. delbridge, william buttle, james davidson, j.p. carolin, r. clark, thomas eyre, george marshall, g. thureau, william bottoms, robert carr, j.c. march, john keam, david park, j.a. lewis, lester's hotel, ballarat, robert allan, nancarrow saftey cage, robert malachi serjeant, robert henderson, g.f. smith, r.w. newman, william benson, f. bennett, john sharp, thomas couchman, john a. wallace, john small, william h. grainger, james cowling, tools

Framed Asian scene on textiles indian art, textiles, framed, available

Carbon copies of a foolscap form with Ballarat School of Mines apprentice name, attendance, examination results and general remarks and Victorian Railway Reports. The originals were signed by the Head of Department and Principal. Some heads of departments signed the copy including. H. Goldsmith. Subjects include Fitting and Turning and Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Mechanics. fitting and turning, mechanical engineering, trades, apprentices, school report, h. goldsmith

Peter Fryar became a staff member at the Mt Helen. He served on the staff at Ballarat Teachers' College, The State College of Victoria at Ballarat, Then Ballarat College of Advanced Education. Appointed to dean of the Faculty of Human Studies at Ballarat College of Advanced Education in 1980, and Department Director of Ballarat College of Advanced Education in 1987, He retired in 1989.Handwritten notes on foolscap paper bound in cardboard with a green taped spine.ballarat teachers college, peter fryar, physical education, ballarat college of advanced education, state college of victoria, state college of victoria ballarat, carnival

Peter Fryar became a staff member at the Mt Helen. He served on the staff at Ballarat Teachers' College, The State College of Victoria at Ballarat, Then Ballarat College of Advanced Education. Appointed to dean of the Faculty of Human Studies at Ballarat College of Advanced Education in 1980, and Department Director of Ballarat College of Advanced Education in 1987, He retired in 1989.Handwritten notes on foolscap paper bound in cardboard with a green crocodile skin print cover and taped spine.ballarat teachers college, peter fryar, physical education, ballarat college of advanced education, state college of victoria, state college of victoria ballarat, carnival, english, english literature

Peter Fryar became a staff member at the Mt Helen. He served on the staff at Ballarat Teachers' College, The State College of Victoria at Ballarat, Then Ballarat College of Advanced Education. Appointed to dean of the Faculty of Human Studies at Ballarat College of Advanced Education in 1980, and Department Director of Ballarat College of Advanced Education in 1987, He retired in 1989.Handwritten notes on foolscap paper bound in cardboard with a green taped spine.ballarat teachers college, peter fryar, physical education, ballarat college of advanced education, state college of victoria, state college of victoria ballarat, carnival, english, english literature

Peter Fryar became a staff member at the Mt Helen. He served on the staff at Ballarat Teachers' College, The State College of Victoria at Ballarat, Then Ballarat College of Advanced Education. Appointed to dean of the Faculty of Human Studies at Ballarat College of Advanced Education in 1980, and Department Director of Ballarat College of Advanced Education in 1987, He retired in 1989.Handwritten notes on foolscap paper bound in cardboard with a green taped spine.ballarat teachers college, peter fryar, physical education, ballarat college of advanced education, state college of victoria, state college of victoria ballarat, carnival, english, english literature

Peter Fryar became a staff member at the Mt Helen. He served on the staff at Ballarat Teachers' College, The State College of Victoria at Ballarat, Then Ballarat College of Advanced Education. Appointed to dean of the Faculty of Human Studies at Ballarat College of Advanced Education in 1980, and Department Director of Ballarat College of Advanced Education in 1987, He retired in 1989.Handwritten notes on foolscap paper bound in cardboard with a green taped spine.ballarat teachers college, peter fryar, physical education, ballarat college of advanced education, state college of victoria, state college of victoria ballarat, carnival, english, english literature

Colour photographs of two men cleaning the windows on the rook at P Building on Federation University Mt Helen Campus. p buildings, mt helen campus, window cleading, roof

Coloured brochure highlighting Sovereign Hill's sound and light show "Blood on the Southern Cross". Teureka, eureka stockade, blood on the southern cross, sound and light show, sovereign hill

The University of Ballarat Statement of Reconciliation.reconciliation, aborigines, university of ballarat