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Eltham District Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Mr. Harry Thomson, "The Oaks", Kinglake, Raspberry Garden
Mrs. McMinn, Kinglake Cross Ref: 0002, 0003, 0005, 0047This photo forms part of a collection of photographs gathered by the Shire of Eltham for their centenary project book,"Pioneers and Painters: 100 years of the Shire of Eltham" by Alan Marshall (1971). The collection of over 500 images is held in partnership between Eltham District Historical Society and Yarra Plenty Regional Library (Eltham Library) and is now formally known as the 'The Shire of Eltham Pioneers Photograph Collection.' It is significant in being the first community sourced collection representing the places and people of the Shire's first one hundred years.Digital imagesepp, shire of eltham pioneers photograph collection, kinglake, the oaks, harry thomson, thomson family, raspberries -
St Kilda Historical Society
Ephemera - Concert program, The Girls who Stayed at Home, 1916
Special effort by the St Kilda Patriotic Committee for the French Red CrossSingles sheet of white paper that has discoloured with age, folded in half and printed in purple on three of the four pagesst kilda patriotic committee, wwi, world war i, the girls who stayed at home, french red cross -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Brooch
Gift of the Red Cross - "Winterhilfwerk"- to the children of Internees at Camp 3, TaturaSmall brooch in shape of a daisy-like flower with a ladybird on a petal. Flower is tan in colour with yellow centre, ladybird is red and black. Pin attached to backbrooch, hornung g, frank g, camp 3, tatura, ww2, costume, accessory, jewellery, winterhilfswerk -
Tatura Irrigation & Wartime Camps Museum
Booklet, Brucke Zur Heimat, 1943
Book sent to Internees at Camp 3, Tatura by German Red CrossBooklet , soft cover with watercolour scene. Mostly shades of green beneath title. On front cover illustrated sepia pictures, sketches of country scene. A stream meandering in centre, some shortish trees on tall darker tree right of centre, hills either side and in the background. 96 pages.1943 HEFT 2 (bottom centre of front page)book, brucke zur heimat, red cross, camp 3, tatura, ww2, german red cross, books, periodicals -
Kiewa Valley Historical Society
Tool Spring Set, circa early 1900s
This is part of a crosscut saw raker/jointer/guage set used to bend the tip of each cutter tooth for cross cut logging saws. The logging saws used in the early 1900's for the clearing of forests required constant sharpening of their "cutting teeth". The logging of forested areas during these times was very much a "hands on" method of either one or two men by the use of saw or hand axe. This item was used by the surveyors commissioned by The S.E.C. Victoria Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme project mapping the relevant Alpine region. Chain saws, chain and ball(clearing) and bulldozing methods came in the mid 1900's.This particular saw sharpening method was used by surveyors laying down boundaries for the S.E.C. Victoria Hydro Electricity Scheme (1920's). This item was given to a local Kiewa Valley lad who accompanied the initial surveyors. The lad was responsible for the tendering and feeding of the surveyors "pack horses". Surveys work during this period and in these dense mountainous terrain of the Victorian Alps was both exhausting and hazardous. Overnight accommodation at various log cabins was not always possible and swag/tent alternative was the "fall back".This cast iron Spring Setting tool has a main body of angle iron contours with one end tappered into a flat circular extension with a slit (3/32" wide) running from the top to nearly the centre(15mm). This slit is to allow the bending of each "cutter tooth" of the cross cut saw. The "bottom of this slit has a semi circular ending. Protruding from one side of the bar body, and close to the "slit" is a tounge like extension (wedge) to fasten the spring set tool into a tree stump. See KVHS 0090 (A) for its Raker/Jointer saw sharpening guage set partner. Also see KVHS 0090 (C) for the associated wrench. On one side of the bar "DISSTON U.S.A."hand tool, saw, sharpening method, tree felling -
8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles Regimental Collection
Uniform - Fyffe uniform & hat, 1945 circa
VX 42774 Captain Robert (Bob) Fyffe, a grazier from Tocumwal, NSW, served with the Tocumwal troop of the 20th Light Horse prior to WWII (1939-46). He enlisted at the outbreak of war and served with the 9th Division Cavalry Regiment in North Africa. During the attack on Trig 22 on 17 July 1942 Captain Fyffe commanding a composite squadron manoeuvred his tanks to knock out machine guns and anti-tank guns enabling 2/32 Battalion to capture the objective. Captain Fyffe was awarded the Military Cross for his leadership and courage in the action. This was 9th Division Cavalry's first tank action of the war.Fine example of a uniform worn by a well known grazier and citizen soldier of the Tocumwal district, southern NSW, in both peace and war.Khaki wool serge officer's tunic with leather Sam Browne belt and revolver holster, and slouch hat with emu plumes and 20th Light Horse hat badge against red backing. Tunic has 20th Light Horse colour patches. overseas service chevrons and ribbon bar for Military Cross, 39-45 Star, Africa Star, Defence medal, British War Medal and Australian Service Medal 1939-45; metal Australia shoulder titles captain's rank stars and Rising Sun collar badges. Uniform worn by Captain Robert Fyffe MC, 20th Light Horse and 6th Division Cavalry Regiment AIF.. uniform, fyffe robert captain mc, 20th light horse, 9th division cavalry regiment, military cross -
Royal District Nursing Service (now known as Bolton Clarke)
Photograph - Photograph, black and white, 30 06 1965
The MDNS Sister has given nursing care to the gentleman and has transferred him safely into the wheelchair. Whilst doing this the Sister demonstrated the transfer technique to the lady in the photograph who is probably his wife. The Sister is wearing the MDNS uniform of the day, a grey cotton dress and red cardigan, under her white gown. She has a red Maltese cross applied to the centre of her grey peaked hat.From its founding in 1885 the Hospital Trained nurses of the then named Melbourne District Nursing Society (MDNS), later named Royal District Nursing Service (RDNS) gave high quality nursing care to patients in their own homes. They nursed patients referred by Hospitals and General Practitioners giving treatments, such as injections, wound care and doing many other procedures, as well as assisting them with 'general care' when required. The Sisters needed to transfer the patients when required and also taught family members safe transferring techniques to enable them to care for their loved ones. RDNS employed a Physiotherapist who taught staff the correct techniques, not only for safety of the patient, but to reduce physical strain on patient’s family members and the RDNS nursing staff . Where possible the Sisters worked towards independence, using equipment such as shower seats, rails and hand showers. The Sisters liaised with the patient's Doctor and supported and advised the patient and Carer of any further help to assist them.On the left of the black and white photograph is a Melbourne District Nursing Service, (MDNS) Sister, who is wearing glasses and is looking at the camera. She is wearing a white gown over her uniform, with the grey collar and the dark sleeves of her cardigan in view and her grey peaked hat, with an emblazoned Maltese cross in the centre front, sits over her short dark curly hair. Both of her arms are extended and resting on either side of a pillow she is straightening. The Sister is standing next to wheelchair bound man who has short dark hair and is wearing dark trousers and a light coloured jumper. On the right hand side of the wheelchair a lady, wearing a light blouse, grey jumper and tartan skirt, is standing with her left hand resting on the left arm of the man.They are both smiling and looking slightly towards the right in the photograph A 'monkey bar hand grip' is attached to the bed by a pole and hangs on a white chair over the bed. A window covered by a blind is behind the Sister, with a light curtain to the left..Photographers stamp. Quote No. DW 84mdns, melbourne district nursing service, patient care, rdns, royal district nursing service -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Photograph, Oriental Gold Mining Company c1880's. Mining Scene looking North probably from Fire Station Tower
Mining Scene looking North probably from Fire Station. Grant and Lamont's Battery in corner left side, in background of photograph. In Centre right is No1 North Cross Reef Mine. On left behind the tree is No2 North Cross Reef Mine. On right is Oriental Mine.Houses and yard in foreground. Poppet heads to right of centre and right Crushing Battery on left of image.stawell mining -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Domestic object - Spoon
This tea spoon is from the wreck of the LOCH ARD, a Loch Line ship of 1,693 tons which sailed from Gravesend, London, on 2 March 1878 with 17 passengers and a crew of 36 under Captain George Gibbs. “The intention was to discharge cargo in Melbourne, before returning to London via the Horn with wool and wheat”. Instead, on 1 June 1878, after 90 days at sea, she struck the sandstone cliffs of Mutton Bird Island on the south west coast of Victoria, and sank with the loss of 52 lives and all her cargo. The manifest of the LOCH ARD listed an array of manufactured goods and bulk metals being exported to the Colony of Victoria, with a declared value of £53,700. (202 bills of lading show an actual invoice value of £68, 456, with insurance underwriting to £30,000 of all cargo). Included in the manifest is the item of “Tin hardware & cutlery £7,530”. This teaspoon is one of 482 similar items of electro-plated cutlery from the LOCH ARD site, comprising spoons and forks of various sizes but all sharing the same general shape or design and metallic composition. 49 of these pieces display a legible makers’ mark — the initials “W” and “P” placed within a raised diamond outline, which is in turn contained within a sunken crown shape — identifying the manufacturer as William Page & Co of Birmingham. An electroplater’s makers’ marks, unlike sterling silver hallmarks, are not consistent identifiers of quality or date and place of manufacture. A similar line of five impressions was usually made to impress the consumer with an implication of industry standards, but what each one actually signified was not regulated and so they varied according to the whim of the individual foundry. In this case, the maker’s marks are often obscured by sedimentary accretion or removed by corrosion after a century of submersion in the ocean. However sufficient detail has survived to indicate that these samples of electro-plated cutlery probably originated from the same consignment in the LOCH ARD’s cargo. The following descriptions of maker’s marks are drawn from 255 tea spoons, 125 dessert spoons, and 99 table forks. These marks are clearly visible in 66 instances, while the same sequence of general outlines, or depression shapes, is discernible in another 166 examples. 1. A recessed Crown containing a raised Diamond outline and the initials “W” and “P” (the recognised trademark of William Page & Co) 2. An impressed Ellipse containing a raised, pivoted, Triangle in its lower part and bearing a Resurrection Cross on its upper section (a possible dissenting church symbol reflecting religious affiliation); OR a rounded Square impression containing a raised, ‘lazy’, letter “B” (possibly mimicking sterling silver hallmark signifying city of manufacture i.e. Birmingham) 3. An impressed rounded Square filled with a raised Maltese Cross (the base metal composite of nickel silver was also known as ‘German silver’ after its Berlin inventors in 1823) 4. A recessed Circle containing a Crab or Scarab Beetle image; OR a recessed Circle containing a rotated ‘fleur de lys’ or ‘fasces’ design 5. A depressed Diamond shape enclosing a large raised letter “R” and a small raised letter “D” (mimicking the U.K. Patent Office stamp which abbreviated the term ‘registered’ to “RD”, but also included date and class of patent) Suggested trade names for William Page & Co’s particular blend of brass plating are ‘roman silver’ or ‘silverite’. This copper alloy polishes to a lustrous gold when new, discolouring to a murky grey with greenish hue when neglected. HISTORY OF THE LOCH ARD The LOCH ARD belonged to the famous Loch Line which sailed many ships from England to Australia. Built in Glasgow by Barclay, Curdle and Co. in 1873, the LOCH ARD was a three-masted square rigged iron sailing ship. The ship measured 262ft 7" (79.87m) in length, 38ft (11.58m) in width, 23ft (7m) in depth and had a gross tonnage of 1693 tons. The LOCH ARD's main mast measured a massive 150ft (45.7m) in height. LOCH ARD made three trips to Australia and one trip to Calcutta before its final voyage. LOCH ARD left England on March 2, 1878, under the command of Captain Gibbs, a newly married, 29 year old. She was bound for Melbourne with a crew of 37, plus 17 passengers and a load of cargo. The general cargo reflected the affluence of Melbourne at the time. On board were straw hats, umbrella, perfumes, clay pipes, pianos, clocks, confectionary, linen and candles, as well as a heavier load of railway irons, cement, lead and copper. There were items included that intended for display in the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. The voyage to Port Phillip was long but uneventful. At 3am on June 1, 1878, Captain Gibbs was expecting to see land and the passengers were becoming excited as they prepared to view their new homeland in the early morning. But LOCH ARD was running into a fog which greatly reduced visibility. Captain Gibbs was becoming anxious as there was no sign of land or the Cape Otway lighthouse. At 4am the fog lifted. A man aloft announced that he could see breakers. The sheer cliffs of Victoria's west coast came into view, and Captain Gibbs realised that the ship was much closer to them than expected. He ordered as much sail to be set as time would permit and then attempted to steer the vessel out to sea. On coming head on into the wind, the ship lost momentum, the sails fell limp and LOCH ARD's bow swung back. Gibbs then ordered the anchors to be released in an attempt to hold its position. The anchors sank some 50 fathoms - but did not hold. By this time LOCH ARD was among the breakers and the tall cliffs of Mutton Bird Island rose behind the ship. Just half a mile from the coast, the ship's bow was suddenly pulled around by the anchor. The captain tried to tack out to sea, but the ship struck a reef at the base of Mutton Bird Island, near Port Campbell. Waves broke over the ship and the top deck was loosened from the hull. The masts and rigging came crashing down knocking passengers and crew overboard. When a lifeboat was finally launched, it crashed into the side of LOCH ARD and capsized. Tom Pearce, who had launched the boat, managed to cling to its overturned hull and shelter beneath it. He drifted out to sea and then on the flood tide came into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. He swam to shore, bruised and dazed, and found a cave in which to shelter. Some of the crew stayed below deck to shelter from the falling rigging but drowned when the ship slipped off the reef into deeper water. Eva Carmichael had raced onto deck to find out what was happening only to be confronted by towering cliffs looming above the stricken ship. In all the chaos, Captain Gibbs grabbed Eva and said, "If you are saved Eva, let my dear wife know that I died like a sailor". That was the last Eva Carmichael saw of the captain. She was swept off the ship by a huge wave. Eva saw Tom Pearce on a small rocky beach and yelled to attract his attention. He dived in and swam to the exhausted woman and dragged her to shore. He took her to the cave and broke open case of brandy which had washed up on the beach. He opened a bottle to revive the unconscious woman. A few hours later Tom scaled a cliff in search of help. He followed hoof prints and came by chance upon two men from nearby Glenample Station three and a half miles away. In a state of exhaustion, he told the men of the tragedy. Tom returned to the gorge while the two men rode back to the station to get help. By the time they reached LOCH ARD Gorge, it was cold and dark. The two shipwreck survivors were taken to Glenample Station to recover. Eva stayed at the station for six weeks before returning to Ireland, this time by steamship. In Melbourne, Tom Pearce received a hero's welcome. He was presented with the first gold medal of the Royal Humane Society of Victoria and a £1000 cheque from the Victorian Government. Concerts were performed to honour the young man's bravery and to raise money for those who lost family in the LOCH ARD disaster. Of the 54 crew members and passengers on board, only two survived: the apprentice, Tom Pearce and the young woman passenger, Eva Carmichael, who lost all of her family in the tragedy. Ten days after the LOCH ARD tragedy, salvage rights to the wreck were sold at auction for £2,120. Cargo valued at £3,000 was salvaged and placed on the beach, but most washed back into the sea when another storm developed. The wreck of LOCH ARD still lies at the base of Mutton Bird Island. Much of the cargo has now been salvaged and some was washed up into what is now known as LOCH ARD Gorge. Cargo and artefacts have also been illegally salvaged over many years before protective legislation was introduced. One of the most unlikely pieces of cargo to have survived the shipwreck was a Minton porcelain peacock - one of only seven in the world. The peacock was destined for the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880. It had been well packed, which gave it adequate protection during the violent storm. Today, the Minton peacock can be seen at the Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum in Warrnambool. From Australia's most dramatic shipwreck it has now become Australia's most valuable shipwreck artefact and is one of very few 'objects' on the Victorian State Heritage Register. The LOCH ARD shipwreck is of State significance – Victorian Heritage Register S 417. Flagstaff Hill’s collection of artefacts from LOCH ARD is significant for being one of the largest collections of artefacts from this shipwreck in Victoria. It is significant for its association with the shipwreck, which is on the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR S417). The collection is significant because of the relationship between the objects, as together they have a high potential to interpret the story of the LOCH ARD. The LOCH ARD collection is archaeologically significant as the remains of a large international passenger and cargo ship. The LOCH ARD collection is historically significant for representing aspects of Victoria’s shipping history and its potential to interpret sub-theme 1.5 of Victoria’s Framework of Historical Themes (living with natural processes). The collection is also historically significant for its association with the LOCH ARD, which was one of the worst and best known shipwrecks in Victoria’s history. Unrestored tea spoon from the wreck of the LOCH ARD. The spoon design has a flattened fiddle-back handle, with a thin stem or shank, flared collar, and elongated bowl. The spoons metallic composition is a thin layer of brass alloy which has partially corroded back to a nickel-silver base metal. Rear of handled has been cleaned and five makers marks are legible: (1) Trade Mark (2) Resurrection Cross (3) Maltese Cross (4) Crab Design (5) Registry Stamp.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, loch line, loch ard, captain gibbs, eva carmichael, tom pearce, glenample station, mutton bird island, loch ard gorge, electroplated cutlery, loch ard shipwreck, nickel silver, william page & co, birmingham, brass plating, makers marks -
Bendigo Military Museum
Uniform - BADGES, RAN, SEA CADETS, Post WW2
L. Schilling collection..1) Cloth badge patch, black background with x 2 red cotton crossed sea anchors surmounted by a crown. .2) Cloth badge patch, black background with x 2 gold cotton crossed sea anchors with letters SC above them. .3) Cloth badge patch, white background with x 2 blue cotton crossed sea anchors with letters SC above them. .4) Badge combination, dome shaped, black cloth. Gold laurel wreath, gold stylized rope around a silver anchor rope. Letters SCC in gold thread above the centre section..4) Has number “541” on rear.numismatics-badges-military, military history - navy, cadets -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Administrative record - Kangaroo Flat Red Cross Collection: General meeting minute book. September 1964 to March 1973
BHS CollectionNavy cover with white text and emblem printed on front and spine. Lined pages inside with handwritten notes. Page numbers stamped at top of each page. Kangaroo Flat Red Cross Minute book containing minutes of general meetings held monthly at various halls. Kangaroo Flat Branch of the Australian Red Cross Society Victorian division. Minutes of the inaugural Kangaroo Flat Branch meeting held in the RSL Hall, Station Street, Kangaroo Flat on Monday 21 September 1964 at 8:00pm are in this book. Prior to this meeting Kangaroo Flat had been a circle of the Bendigo Red Cross Branch since 1939.Water marks/ discoloration on inside front cover and first page. 17/3 has been handwritten in grey lead on the top right-hand corner of the first page. Two typed pages have been attached at the spine with glue to the first lined page. 7 blue pen marks on calendar inside back cover. The last page has the top left-hand corner folded. Small water marks/discoloration at the center bottom of the last page and inside back cover. 2 white marks on back cover.kangaroo flat, red cross, minutes -
Christ Church Anglican Parish of Warrnambool
Memorial window: Rev Andrew PEACOCK, "I will make you fishers of men"
Stained glass window, south wall, main nave (adjacent to the pulpit). The window is a pictorial representation of St Andrew who live to old age. There is a tradition that on being sentenced to death, he requested that he be crucified on a saltire (diagonal cross, see base of window) as he felt unworthy to be crucified on the vertical cross of Christ. Another symbol of association with St Andrew is the fishing net.The Rev. Andrew Peacock, Archdeacon of the Otways, was the fourth Vicar (1906-1912) of the Parish of Warrnambool. He was highly regarded throughout the community and died following a very short illness. His brother, Sir Alexander Peacock, three times premier of Victoria, officially unveiled a tablet on the north-west corner of the Parish Hall complex on Saturday 25th April and attended the dedication of the memorial window on Sunday 26th April 1913. Rev AE Peacock is buried at Creswick cemetery, Victoria. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - BASIL MILLER COLLECTION: TRAMS - ALEXANDRA FOUNTAIN, 1964
Black and white photo of Alexandra Fountain, Charing Cross, Bendigo. Two trams - View Street and Pall Mall, at intersection of same. Many cars parked, driving on roads. Pedestrians crossing Pall Mall. On back of photo "Photo A. Doney, Bendigo" in indelible ink. 10/23/64 CA 711, Bendigo Center - Charing Cross & historic Alexandra Fountain written in pencil.A. Doney, Bendigoperson, individual -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - TRAM, CHARING CROSS, c.1965
Black and white photograph of tram at Charing Cross, Bendigo, Colonial Mutual Life Building in background, people (passengers) in foreground.Inscriptions: in photo. Various advertisements plus 'Colonial Mutual Life Building'.Notes of James Lerk: (17/12/1999). Maximum traction car No. 2 at Charing Cross, Bendigo. For details of this tram see 'Bendigo's Talking Trams' - Alan Doney, Photo c.1965Alan Doneyplace, streetscape, charing cross -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - CARWARDINE COLLECTION: QUEEN VICTORIA STATUE AND CHARING CROSS BENDIGO
Coloured postcard, grey border embellished with spray of gold wattle left side, and kangaroo in bottom RH corner. Image shows Charing Cross , Alexandra fountain in centre, Queen Victoria statue centre bottom. Horse drawn vehicles on Pall Mall and Charing Cross. City Family Hotel in background. View Point buildings on RH side. Receipt number 355/16Valentine & Sons Melbournebendigo, business, carwardine soap and candles -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Letter - KANGAROO FLAT GOLD MINE COLLECTION: LETTER SOUTHERN CROSS MACHINERY TO BENDIGO MINING, 1st February 1984
Letter 2 page with attachments, 1 February 1984 ,Southern Cross Machinery Ltd.,to Bendigo Mining, re pumping equipment for Central Deborah Mine. The 'offer for the supply and delivery of pumping equipment' is detailed in the letter. The Southern Cross submersible pump is costed at $7785.00, and the electrical control cubicvle at $1510, PVC insulated cable at $4.40 m. A brochure for the pump and the pump characteristic curves are appended.bendigo, gold mining, central deborah gold mine, bendigo, mining, gold mining, dewatering, pumping equipment, southern cross machinery, c. willman, bendigo mining nl. -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Equipment - Tooth Extractor, Late 19th - early 20th century
Toothaches have been with us since the evolution of teeth and extracting teeth. I wonder what poor Homo erectus did when suffering with a toothache. He probably just suffered and probably became very bad tempered. Ancient Dentistry Significant tooth decay did not appear until hunter-gatherer societies became agrarian. The change in diet included a large increase in carbohydrates which then led to tooth decay. Early man was primitive but he was also pretty smart. Some time around 8000 years ago someone in the area that is now Pakistan was using a drill to remove tooth decay. Examination of Neolithic skulls have revealed the handiwork of at least one very early dentist. A Sumerian text in about 5000 B.C. taught that the cause of tooth decay was tooth worms. Proposed cures for toothache were numerous. Early Egyptians wore amulets. An Egyptian named Hesy-Re, is known as the first dentist. Praise for his dentistry is inscribed on his tomb. Unfortunately it doesn’t delineate what he did to earn the praise. Pliny, the Elder, recommended finding a frog at midnight and asking it to take away the pain. The doctor to Emperor Claudius around 50 A.D. had his toothache patients inhale smoke produced by scattering certain seeds on burning charcoal and then rinsing the mouth with hot water. This was to expel the tooth worms. On the more practical side Aristotle and Hippocrates both wrote about the treatment of tooth decay. A primitive forceps was used for extracting teeth. Some dentists at that time were able to weave wire in the teeth to stabilize loose teeth. Medieval Torture From about 500 A.D. to 1100 A.D. monks were well educated and well trained and did some of the surgical procedures of the time. Barbers handled the rest of the operations, especially blood letting and tooth extractions. In 1163 the Pope put a stop to all surgeries by monks and the field was left open to the barbers. Barbers were, after all, very skilled with knives and razors. In fact, the barber pole, red and white spiraling stripes, is a symbol of the blood letting; red for blood. white for bandages. In the 1300s a Barbers’ Guild was established which divided the barbers into two groups: those with the skills and training to do procedures and those who were relegated to blood letting and tooth extractions. Pliers from a blacksmith’s foundry were the only device available. Barbers would often go to fairs and advertise painless tooth pulling. A shill in the audience would come on the stage, feigning severe toothache. The barber would pretend to extract tooth, pulling out a bloody molar he had palmed earlier. The supposed sufferer would jump for joy. The barbers set up near the bands at the fairs so that the music would drown out the screams of their patients. If the tooth was loose enough, the barber would tie a string around the tooth and yank hard to extract the tooth. This was a much less painful and dangerous procedure than the pliers. The pliers often fractured other teeth and sometimes the jaw. The procedure was far from sterile and infection was a common problem and some people bled to death. The Renaissance and the Rise of Tooth Decay In the 1400s refined sugar was introduced into Europe but only reached the tables of the wealthy. While their betters were munching on sweets, the poorer folk suffered fewer toothaches. Queen Elizabeth I was known for her blackened teeth. George Washington had a tooth extraction every year after age 22. He supposedly had a set of wooden false teeth but his dentures were actually ivory. The earliest instrument designed for tooth extraction was the dental pelican, which was shaped something like a pelican’s beak. The pelican was replaced in the 1700s by the dental key, which was fitted down over the affected tooth and was better able to grip the tooth. Both still often caused more damage than relief. The Development of Modern Dentistry Modern dental equipment began to be introduced in the 1800s about the time when dentistry became a profession and dental schools began to open. Ether was used starting in 1846 to anesthetize the pain and local anesthetics were introduced in the early 1900s. Modern dentists no longer have to seat their patients on the floor and have helpers to hold them down. Dentistry is as close to painless as possible now. There is no excuse to suffer the agony of a toothache these days. And extracting teeth is no longer dangerous. https://arizonadentalspecialists.com/the-surprising-history-of-extracting-teeth/ This tooth extractor was donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village by the family of Doctor William Roy Angus, Surgeon and Oculist. It is part of the “W.R. Angus Collection” that includes historical medical equipment, surgical instruments and material once belonging to Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Thomas Francis Ryan, (both of Nhill, Victoria) as well as Dr Angus’ own belongings. The Collection’s history spans the medical practices of the two Doctors Ryan, from 1885-1926 plus that of Dr Angus, up until 1969. ABOUT THE “W.R.ANGUS COLLECTION” Doctor William Roy Angus M.B., B.S., Adel., 1923, F.R.C.S. Edin.,1928 (also known as Dr Roy Angus) was born in Murrumbeena, Victoria in 1901 and lived until 1970. He qualified as a doctor in 1923 at University of Adelaide, was Resident Medical Officer at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in 1924 and for a period was house surgeon to Sir (then Mr.) Henry Simpson Newland. Dr Angus was briefly an Assistant to Dr Riddell of Kapunda, then commenced private practice at Curramulka, Yorke Peninsula, SA, where he was physician, surgeon and chemist. In 1926, he was appointed as new Medical Assistant to Dr Thomas Francis Ryan (T.F. Ryan, or Tom), in Nhill, Victoria, where his experiences included radiology and pharmacy. In 1927 he was Acting House Surgeon in Dr Tom Ryan’s absence. Dr Angus had become engaged to Gladys Forsyth and they decided he would take time to further his studies overseas in the UK in 1927. He studied at London University College Hospital and at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and in 1928, was awarded FRCS (Fellow from the Royal College of Surgeons), Edinburgh. He worked his passage back to Australia as a Ship’s Surgeon on the on the Australian Commonwealth Line’s T.S.S. Largs Bay. Dr Angus married Gladys in 1929, in Ballarat. (They went on to have one son (Graham 1932, born in SA) and two daughters (Helen (died 12/07/1996) and Berenice (Berry), both born at Mira, Nhill ) Dr Angus was a ‘flying doctor’ for the A.I.M. (Australian Inland Ministry) Aerial Medical Service in 1928 . The organisation began in South Australia through the Presbyterian Church in that year, with its first station being in the remote town of Oodnadatta, where Dr Angus was stationed. He was locum tenens there on North-South Railway at 21 Mile Camp. He took up this ‘flying doctor’ position in response to a call from Dr John Flynn; the organisation was later known as the Flying Doctor Service, then the Royal Flying Doctor Service. A lot of his work during this time involved dental surgery also. Between 1928-1932 he was surgeon at the Curramulka Hospital, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. In 1933 Dr Angus returned to Nhill where he’d previously worked as Medical Assistant and purchased a share of the Nelson Street practice and Mira hospital from Dr Les Middleton one of the Middleton Brothers, the current owners of what was once Dr Tom Ryan’s practice. Dr L Middleton was House Surgeon to the Nhill Hospital 1926-1933, when he resigned. [Dr Tom Ryan’s practice had originally belonged to his older brother Dr Edward Ryan, who came to Nhill in 1885. Dr Edward saw patients at his rooms, firstly in Victoria Street and in 1886 in Nelson Street, until 1901. The Nelson Street practice also had a 2 bed ward, called Mira Private Hospital ). Dr Edward Ryan was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1884-1902 . He also had occasions where he successfully performed veterinary surgery for the local farmers too. Dr Tom Ryan then purchased the practice from his brother in 1901. Both Dr Edward and Dr Tom Ryan work as surgeons included eye surgery. Dr Tom Ryan performed many of his operations in the Mira private hospital on his premises. He too was House Surgeon at the Nhill Hospital 1902-1926. Dr Tom Ryan had one of the only two pieces of radiology equipment in Victoria during his practicing years – The Royal Melbourne Hospital had the other one. Over the years Dr Tom Ryan gradually set up what was effectively a training school for country general-practitioner-surgeons. Each patient was carefully examined, including using the X-ray machine, and any surgery was discussed and planned with Dr Ryan’s assistants several days in advance. Dr Angus gained experience in using the X-ray machine there during his time as assistant to Dr Ryan. Dr Tom Ryan moved from Nhill in 1926. He became a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in 1927, soon after its formation, a rare accolade for a doctor outside any of the major cities. He remained a bachelor and died suddenly on 7th Dec 1955, aged 91, at his home in Ararat. Scholarships and prizes are still awarded to medical students in the honour of Dr T.F. Ryan and his father, Dr Michael Ryan, and brother, John Patrick Ryan. ] When Dr Angus bought into the Nelson Street premises in Nhill he was also appointed as the Nhill Hospital’s Honorary House Surgeon 1933-1938. His practitioner’s plate from his Nhill surgery states “HOURS Daily, except Tuesdays, Fridays and Saturday afternoons, 9-10am, 2-4pm, 7-8pm. Sundays by appointment”. This plate is now mounted on the doorway to the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, Warrnambool. Dr Edward Ryan and Dr Tom Ryan had an extensive collection of historical medical equipment and materials spanning 1884-1926 and when Dr Angus took up practice in their old premises he obtained this collection, a large part of which is now on display at the Port Medical Office at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village in Warrnambool. During his time in Nhill Dr Angus was involved in the merging of the Mira Hospital and Nhill Public Hospital into one public hospital and the property titles passed on to Nhill Hospital in 1939. In 1939 Dr Angus and his family moved to Warrnambool where he purchased “Birchwood,” the 1852 home and medical practice of Dr John Hunter Henderson, at 214 Koroit Street. (This property was sold in1965 to the State Government and is now the site of the Warrnambool Police Station. ). The Angus family was able to afford gardeners, cooks and maids; their home was a popular place for visiting dignitaries to stay whilst visiting Warrnambool. Dr Angus had his own silk worm farm at home in a Mulberry tree. His young daughter used his centrifuge for spinning the silk. Dr Angus was appointed on a part-time basis as Port Medical Officer (Health Officer) in Warrnambool and held this position until the 1940’s when the government no longer required the service of a Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool; he was thus Warrnambool’s last serving Port Medical Officer. (The duties of a Port Medical Officer were outlined by the Colonial Secretary on 21st June, 1839 under the terms of the Quarantine Act. Masters of immigrant ships arriving in port reported incidents of diseases, illness and death and the Port Medical Officer made a decision on whether the ship required Quarantine and for how long, in this way preventing contagious illness from spreading from new immigrants to the residents already in the colony.) Dr Angus was a member of the Australian Medical Association, for 35 years and surgeon at the Warrnambool Base Hospital 1939-1942, He served as a Surgeon Captain during WWII1942-45, in Ballarat, Victoria, and in Bonegilla, N.S.W., completing his service just before the end of the war due to suffering from a heart attack. During his convalescence he carved an intricate and ‘most artistic’ chess set from the material that dentures were made from. He then studied ophthalmology at the Royal Melbourne Eye and Ear Hospital and created cosmetically superior artificial eyes by pioneering using the intrascleral cartilage. Angus received accolades from the Ophthalmological Society of Australasia for this work. He returned to Warrnambool to commence practice as an ophthalmologist, pioneering in artificial eye improvements. He was Honorary Consultant Ophthalmologist to Warrnambool Base Hospital for 31 years. He made monthly visits to Portland as a visiting surgeon, to perform eye surgery. He represented the Victorian South-West subdivision of the Australian Medical Association as its secretary between 1949 and 1956 and as chairman from 1956 to 1958. In 1968 Dr Angus was elected member of Spain’s Barraquer Institute of Barcelona after his research work in Intrasclearal cartilage grafting, becoming one of the few Australian ophthalmologists to receive this honour, and in the following year presented his final paper on Living Intrasclearal Cartilage Implants at the Inaugural Meeting of the Australian College of Ophthalmologists in Melbourne In his personal life Dr Angus was a Presbyterian and treated Sunday as a Sabbath, a day of rest. He would visit 3 or 4 country patients on a Sunday, taking his children along ‘for the ride’ and to visit with him. Sunday evenings he would play the pianola and sing Scottish songs to his family. One of Dr Angus’ patients was Margaret MacKenzie, author of a book on local shipwrecks that she’d seen as an eye witness from the late 1880’s in Peterborough, Victoria. In the early 1950’s Dr Angus, painted a picture of a shipwreck for the cover jacket of Margaret’s book, Shipwrecks and More Shipwrecks. She was blind in later life and her daughter wrote the actual book for her. Dr Angus and his wife Gladys were very involved in Warrnambool’s society with a strong interest in civic affairs. Their interests included organisations such as Red Cross, Rostrum, Warrnambool and District Historical Society (founding members), Wine and Food Society, Steering Committee for Tertiary Education in Warrnambool, Local National Trust, Good Neighbour Council, Housing Commission Advisory Board, United Services Institute, Legion of Ex-Servicemen, Olympic Pool Committee, Food for Britain Organisation, Warrnambool Hospital, Anti-Cancer Council, Boys’ Club, Charitable Council, National Fitness Council and Air Raid Precautions Group. He was also a member of the Steam Preservation Society and derived much pleasure from a steam traction engine on his farm. He had an interest in people and the community He and his wife Gladys were both involved in the creation of Flagstaff Hill, including the layout of the gardens. After his death (28th March 1970) his family requested his practitioner’s plate, medical instruments and some personal belongings be displayed in the Port Medical Office surgery at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, and be called the “W. R. Angus Collection”. The W.R. Angus Collection is significant for still being located at the site it is connected with, Doctor Angus being the last Port Medical Officer in Warrnambool. The collection of medical instruments and other equipment is culturally significant, being an historical example of medicine from late 19th to mid-20th century. Dr Angus assisted Dr Tom Ryan, a pioneer in the use of X-rays and in ocular surgery. Tooth extractor, dental surgical instrument. Metal with cross hatched pattern on handle. Stamped with maker's mark on hinge. Other stamps inside handles. Part of the W.R. Angus Collection.Stamped on hinge 'CASH & SONS ENGLAND'. Inside handles are 'C', 'P' and '27'.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, dr w r angus, dr ryan, surgical instrument, t.s.s. largs bay, warrnambool base hospital, nhill base hospital, mira hospital, flying doctor, dental surgical instrument, tooth extractor -
National Wool Museum
Photograph - Piebald Sheep and First Crosses, c.1928
This item is part of a group of five green display boards with photographs of sheep. This item is associated with the New South Wales Graziers Association world tour of merino sheep 1928/9.Five black and white photographs and printed paper mounted on green display board. Photographs depict sheep and men. The display board has pin holes in each corner.Front: [handwritten] Piebald Sheep and First Crosses. / [printed] The piebald breed of sheep (sometimes called Spanish, Zulu, Jacob's / sheep etc.) is represented by many flocks in this country. The piebald / pattern is distinctive. Crosses with all other breeds give nothing but / self-blacks. A back cross to piebald have half blacks and half piebalds. / This shows that Piebald sheep posses a dominant black and a recessive pat- / tern factor. / Fig. 1 shows a typical Piebald ewe, Figs. 2 and 3 the extremes of / dark and light patterns. Figs. 4 and 5 show black first cross rams. Back: [handwritten] Piebald Sheep / [?] Crosses / 2 / [printed] PHOTOGRAPH COPYRIGHT / BY / THE ANIMAL BREEDING RESEARCH DEPT., / THE UNIVERSITY, EDINBURGH. / PLEASE RETURN TO :new south wales graziers association, world tour, england, sheep, farm, rural, agriculture, scotland -
Bendigo Military Museum
Postcard - PHOTOGRAPH POSTCARD, 1915
Albert Jacka No 465 enlisted in D Coy 14th batt AIF on 18.9.14. Embarked for Eygpt 22.12.14. He rose through the ranks from Pte to Captain by 15.3.17. He was WIA 3 times and hospitalised twice with illness. Awarded the Victoria Cross at Courtney's Post 19/20th May 1915. The Military Cross at Pozieres on 7.8.16 and a Bar to the Military Cross on 10.4.17 near Queant. He was discharged from the AIF on 10.1.20. This is a very brief history of "Jacka". Collection re Mrs May Burns.Postcard photo, B & W re Albert Jacka VC MC & Bar. On the rear of the original, “Egypt 26.3.15. best wishes Albert Jacka"photography, portrait, military history -
Falls Creek Historical Society
Equipment - Martin Romuld's Skis, 1933
Martin Romuld was born near Trondheim in Norway on September 26, 1905. He started jumping on skis at age 6 or 7 and became very good at it. He completed his degree in Civil Engineering at the University of Trondheim and decided to come to Australia. He arrived on 7 March 1928 and found a job with the SEC. The SEC wanted to investigate the possibility of a hydrological surveys necessary to determine the flow of water over a period of years. These surveys started in 1934 and continued until 1941. He lived at Wilkinson’s hut for most of the time during those years both in summer and winter. In his role with the SEC, Martin visited all the various creeks to measure water flow rates as often as was necessary. These skis were used on his winter rounds during the time he spent in the area. Martin also competed in skiing during the 1930s. He won the combined Australian title 3 or 4 times. He was unbeatable in cross country, probably due to the continual practice in his job. Before migrating to Australia, Martin had been runner up in the 1926 European Jump Championships held in France. Jumping was his favourite thrill and he would often construct a jump for practice near the Scout Hut (or Rover Chalet) quite near to Wilkinson’s. In 1941 Martin joined the Royal Australian Air Force and after the War skied mainly at Mt Buller. He maintained his involvement in competitive skiing as an official. In 1958 Martin was the main judge of the National jump which was held to the left of the Nissen tow. He also designed the jumping course at the Donna Buang snow fields. Martin Romuld was Co Vice-President of the Federation of Victorian Ski Clubs in 1949, along with Tom Mitchell M.L.A. Martin Romuld died on 14 July 1998 in Prahran, Victoria,These skis are significant because they belonged to a pioneer of Falls Creek and the sport of skiing in Australia.A set of skis made for Martin Romuld. They are made from American hickory which arrived in Australia via Norway in October 1933. Andy Broad made the skis and they were furnished with steel edges. There was enough hickory for 18 pairs of skis and a pair of competition cross country skis were also made for Martin Romuld. martin romuld', falls creek pioneers, australian skiing history -
Orbost & District Historical Society
black and white photograph, 1918
A black / white photograph of a motor vehicle which has a large sheet, with a cross on it, hanging on the side. A young boy is behind the vehicle that is travelling down a residential street.on front caption - 1st Prize 1918red-cross -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Surgical Lint
Surgical lint 2 rolls pink and white. Pink lint wrapped in green paper with brand name "Green Cross". White lint less in quantity and unwrapped.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Plane
Plane, Low angle a metal plane having the iron set at a low angle to the workpiece. Used for trimming cross grain. Piece broken off end of plane.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, plane, metal plane -
Waverley RSL Sub Branch
Signalling Mirror, General Electric Company
Mirror blackened on one side. 5cm.circular clear area in the centre. This circular area has a green cross in the middle. There is a 1 cm. hole in the lower left corner.Useage instructions are printed in amber on the face side. -
Marysville & District Historical Society
Book, In the Driver's Seat-The Story of McKenzies Tourist Services Pty Ltd, 1999
The story of McKenzies Tourist Services Pty Ltd from their beginningPaperback. Front cover has a photograph of an early McKenzie bus with a group of people standing next to it. They are out the front of a building named Australian Red Cross Society.Stamp of Marysville & District / Historical Society Inc / P.O. Box 22 / Marysville 3779mckenzies tourist services, victoria, history -
Bendigo Military Museum
Weapon - MINE DETONATOR, 1939 - 45
German “Bouncing Betty” mine detonator fuse, S.Mi. Z 35.Brass cylinder with three knurled sections on main part, above a cross piece with knurl one end and ring with cord at other end, above that is 3 prongs.german, bouncing betty, detonator -
Bendigo Military Museum
Photograph - PHOTOGRAPH, GRAVE WW2, Post WW2
Ivor Keith ALLISON VX40282. Enlisted 24.6.1940. KIA 22.1.1943.Photo, black / white showing a grave in the shape of a white cross. Re VX40282 Lieut I K ALLISON 2/12 Aust Inf Bn 22.1.1943.On rear purple stamped twice, once in a circle the other in lines: “Directorate of Graves Registration” “Photo supplied by Directorate of Graves Commission Victoria Barracks Melbourne” “Buried at Bomana War Graves, Grave No A.1.1.18”photograph, grave, 2/12th -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Furniture - Chair, Not known
Wooden chair with four turned legs & turned cross pieces. The sloping back has six upright pieces, the two outer ones having turned knobs.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Functional object - Lamp Bowl, n.d
Part of Graham Collection, donated by the Family of Misses Mary and Edith Maude Graham, of 4 Blair Street, Portland. Pair to 3851Cut glass lamp bowls, decorated in criss-cross pattern around bowl, creating numerous facets. Circular brass base and brass top with metal tags.Front: Rd. No 5373 (stamped in base) Rd. No 218630 (stamped in top) -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Postcard - Postcard - Lighthouse Bluff, Portland Victoria, c. 1930
Syd Cuffe was the Portland Town Crier from 1983 to 2013. The role of Town Crier was created for Syd Cuffe in 1983 in the lead up to Portland’s 150th anniversary celebrations held in 1984-85. 200 items from Mr. Cuffe’s estate were donated to the Glenelg Shire Cultural Collection. The items relate to his town crying activities and community work across the Shire and further afield.Black and white photo postcard, looking towards Lighthouse Bluff, Portland, Loreto Convent and All Saints Church left foreground. Southern Cross Series 1104