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Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Certificate - Methodist Girls' Comradeship, Epworth Press, Charter Traralgon Junior Rays Linaria 404, 1966
At the time the Charter was issued, Joan M Williams was Victoria's State Chief Ray and Barbara Brown was the State Superintendant". The Methodist Girls' Comradeship was formed in 1918 with the first Branch being in Bondi, NSW. There were three sections: Junior Rays, 8 - 11 years; Senior Rays, 11 - 15 years and Comrades, 15 years and over. The aims of the MGC was to "challenge young people with the saving power of Jesus Christ and provide avenues of christian service" and "to provide for the spiritual, social, physical and educational welfare of the members". The MGC's motto was "The Utmost for the Highest".Cream coloured Charter with blue and gold print and handwritten informatiion..E3094.2.2 "Traralgon Junior Rays Branch No 404 "Linaria"" "24th August 1966" :Joan M Williams State Chief Ray" " Barbara Brown"methodist girls' comradeship, methodist girls' comradeship rays' section, joan m williams state chief ray, barbara brown state supt., traralgon junior rays linaria branch no 404" -
Bendigo Military Museum
Certificate - DISCHARGE CERTIFICATE. WW1, 9.11.1918
James BROWN No 5977 enlisted in the AIF in 19th reinforcements 5th Batt on 30.11.1915 aged 32 years 3 months. Embarked for England 27.7.1916, transfer to 37th Battalion 23.9.1916, hospitalised 9.10.1916 with Scabies. Rejoined unit 6.1.1917, allowed Regt No 5977A, embarked for France 25.2.1917. Hospitalised 16.3.1917 with Enteritis, rejoined unit 25.3.1917. Hospitalised 21.5.1917 with Debility, rejoined unit 1.6.1917. Hospitalised 14.6. 1917 with Exhaustion later as growth in groin. From here he gets himself into trouble. Hospitalised 24.12.1917 with Nephritis, discharged from the AIF 9.11.1918 medically unfit.Certificate of Discharge Register No 547 for James BROWN Regt No 5977 AIFdocuments - certificates, military history - army records -
Mont De Lancey
Hot water bottle
stoneware hot water bottle, generally a cylindrical shape with an opening at the top and a round knob on one end which presumably functions as a holder. The main part of the body is cream, with the knob end brown.Stoneware hot water bottle with a screw in lid. Generally a cylindrical shape with an opening at the top and a round knob on one end which presumably functions as a holder. The main part of the body is cream, with the knob end and lid, brown.hot water bottles., bed warmers -
Linton and District Historical Society Inc
Ticket, Old Lintonians Association 42nd Reunion, 1956, 1956
Cream-coloured, rectangular ticket, blue lettering. Small piece of pale blue ribbon threaded through hole at top. Ticket is for the Old Lintonians' Association 42nd reunion, held Easter Saturday (31st March) 1956. Ticket has "Roy Brown" handwritten in ink on the name line.Text: " Old Lintonians' Association / 42ND. REUNION / Easter Saturday, 31st March, 1956 / MEMBER'S TICKET / Name Roy Brown. "old lintonian's association, reunions, events, roy brown -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Newspaper - NEWSPAPER COLLECTION: WEEKLY TIMES ANNUAL 1926
The Weekly times Annual - October 2, 1926S Brown written in pennewspaper -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - MINES ACT 1890 - REGULATIONS, 1890
Mines Act 1890 - regulations. Relating to cut, construct and use races, drains, dams and reservoirs under the Mines Act 18980.G. Wilson Brown, Clerk.government, state, mines act, mines act, mining, gold mining -
Moorabbin Air Museum
Booklet (Item) - Navigation Two
Prepared By P G Brown -
Stawell Historical Society Inc
Book, Debra Eades, Daisey Bennett & Len Brown – Brown Bennett Martin - Previously Cat No 3646, 2011
Family History of three families with connections to StawellClear White sheet with black print behind Clear plastic cover with black plastic spine and black cover. Loose paper in Plastic Sleeves.Daisy Bennett & Len Brown Brown - Bennett - Martin Compiled by Debra Eades 2011 On Spine, on white sticker: Brown Bennett Martin {plus catalogue Number}stawell, family history -
Uniting Church Archives - Synod of Victoria
Certificate - Methodist Girls' Comradeship, Epworth Press, Charter Fawkner Red Tulip 337, 1961
In 1961 when the Charter was issued Barbara Brown was the Victorian Chief Ray, Dorothy Wood the State Supt. and John W Goodluck the Chief Director. The Methodist Girls' Comradeship was formed in 1918 with the first Branch being in Bondi, NSW. There were three sections: Junior Rays, 8 - 11 years; Senior Rays, 11 - 15 years and Comrades, 15 years and over. The aims of the MGC was to "challenge young people with the saving power of Jesus Christ and provide avenues of christian service" and "to provide for the spiritual, social, physical and educational welfare of the members". The MGC's motto was "The Utmost for the Highest".Cream coloured Charter with blue and gold print and handwritten informatiion.."Fawkner No. 337 Red Tulip" "Barbara Brown State Chief Ray" "Dorothy Wood State Supt" "John W Goodluck Chief Director"methodist girls' comradeship, methodist girls' comradeship rays' section, methodist church of australasia, youth groups, barbara brown state chief ray, dorothy wood state supt., john w goodluck chief director -
Rutherglen Historical Society
Image, c1941
Don Brown, H.S. Moss, C.R. Meeking, Robert Bourke, G.H.EarpPhotocopy on A4 paper, of black and white photograph of a group of 43 men in Army uniforms in front of a public hallAt bottom of photo: "C.O. and Officers 22nd Batt VDC" On back of photo: Stamp identifying donor. Also at bottom on back: "3rd from right, 2nd row - Don Brown | 3rd from left in 3rd row (1st standing) H.S. Moss, Springhurst | 4th from left in 3rd row - C.R. Meeking | 4th from right in front row - G.H. Earp, Glenrowan | Robert Bourke, back row 4th from right (O.C. Chiltern)"don brown, moss, meeking, robert bourke, earp, 22nd battalion, volunteer defence corps, world war 2, ww2 -
Melbourne Legacy
Film, Lord Somers Camp - Nov 1972, 1972
16mm colour film with no sound - the second B&W workprint not digitised. 13 min 24 sec. Begins with the flag raising ceremony at Somers Camp and then moves to Westernport Airfield where the boys are seen going for flights in Cessnas whilst others learn archery and play volleyball. Moves on to beach activities and dinghy sailing supervised by Legatees. Back at Somers there is a comic performance of Goldilocks in front of a large audience of younger Junior Legatees and the supervising Legatees, which ends with a bearded Goldilocks being taken away in a police car. A service in the bush chapel is then shown before we see the older boys throwing one of their number off a jetty. A volleyball game completes the film. There is no indication of date, but the clothes seem to be 1960s/70s. This film has been digitised to preserve its content. Melbourne Legacy gratefully acknowledges the support of the Victorian Government and Public Record Office Victoria for making this possible.Depicts the work done by Legacy volunteers in helping Legacy families of the time. Volunteer groups such as Legacy supported those in need at a time when government assistance was much less than it is today.Two 16mm black and white films. One film is wrapped in brown paper. Under the wrapping the film is enclosed in a plasic wrap.Canister - patterned Agfa _ Gefaert Fine Grain. / Key No. 170627_02 'Not to be screened under any circumstances! Only to be handled by an expert with the approprate facilities for handling this type of film' on the brown wrapping paper, probably to keep a good copy.somers camp, camp -
Melbourne Tram Museum
Ephemera - Envelopes - various - The Met, The Met, c1983
Stationery - The Met - Metropolitan Transit Authority of Victoria. White paper item used for external mail, the brown paper item used for internal mail. Two of them have the first The Met logo printed on them and the full organisation name and one without the logo. The small envelope notes the "Tram and Bus Division"A stationary that is associated with a now-dissolved corporate body which existed in the 1980s. Set of three large envelopes - printed with or without The Met logo - white and brown paper and one small envelope printed on white paper with a sealable flap.tramways, stationery, the met, metropolitan transit authority, envelopes -
Geoffrey Kaye Museum of Anaesthetic History
Kimpton Brown flask, 1913
The Kimpton Brown flask was first described in 1913; the first successful citrated blood transfusion occurred in November 1914.Frosted, cylindrical glass flask with brown rubber stopper at top. A fluid outlet is located on the bottom of the flask and a narrow, horizontal and cylindrical valve is located below the flask rim. The flask contains a maximum volume of 600cc of fluid. The item was used in the collection and administration of blood transfusion procedures and the inside of the flask has a coating of paraffin wax to retard coagulation.flask, blood transfusion, anaesthetic, glass, parrafin wax, kimpton, 1914, coagulate, blood, frosted -
Glenelg Shire Council Cultural Collection
Painting, Enid Denton, Rain Forest, 1972
UnknownAbstract scene of a rainforest. Foreground depicts a stand of trees. There are several mountains in the background, set against a blue sky with rays of sun falling on a central mountain. Predominant colours for trees are green, yellow, brown and black. Mounted on cream matt in pale green frame, with glass glazing.Front: Enid Denton (lower right) (brown paint) Back: Rain Forest $600.00 Enid Denton, Smith Avenue, Croydon 3136cema, portland artists society -
Melbourne Legacy
Album - Scrapbook, Press Clippings 1977, 1977
Album of press clippings the relate to Melbourne Legacy in 1977. The items were cut from the newspaper and pasted into a scrapbook with brown pages. For many years Legacy kept scrapbooks of press clippings that related to their work and publicity. Includes Junior legatee outings such as operation float, and looking after widows in operation firewood. Guest speakers at Legacy house included Mr Ian Johnson, Mr Hamer MP, Professor Sir Lance Townsend. An article about Carry On. Ivanhoe Grammar boys paint a house for a Legacy widow, Mrs Drowley. Photos of Junior Legatees Heather Stone and ClareSmart getting free dental check up from Dr H G Thomson at the Legacy Dental Clinic. Senior Constable Reg Mahoney, a former Junior Legatee, and 7 year old Matthew Partridge, prepare for badge day in Sydney. Also the Governor of Victoria opening Legacy Week at Legacy House. The annual demonstration featured JLs acting in My Fair Lady. Constable Bill Duell a former Junior Legatee, now a Legatee after serving in Vietnam. Legacy Widow Margaret Fisher and her daughters promote Legacy Week. Sue Ksiako of Anakie selling badges. Guest speaker Bill Fordyce speaks about The Great Escape at a Legacy function. The death of Legatee George Allan Williams. Junior Legatees Leanne Johnston and Terri Cott dressed in costume for the annual demonstration. Junior Legatee Adrian Childs at the Government House Christmas party. Junior Legatees enjoying Somers Camp and Operation Float in January 1977 Not all pages have been scanned but some are listed from 02164 to 02176.A record of the articles that were published in the press in 1977.Brown cardboard album with brown pages with newspaper articles pasted on them.Handwritten in black texta on first page '21' as part of an old archive numbering system.christmas, operation float, annual demonstration, junior legatee outings, speakers, operation firewood, gala performance, governor of victoria, camp -
Bendigo Military Museum
Headwear - FLYING HELMET, C.1939 - 45
The helmet belonged to Henry Victor Evans No 418655 RAAF. Refer 1760.4. Type B flying helmet made of dark brown leather and lined with chamois. There is a leather chin strap fastened on the left with a white metal buckle. On the inside of the helmet on either side of the face are two snap fasteners with a strip of chamois backed webbing fastened between them for securing an oxygen mask or face protector. There is a buckled strap across the back of the neck with two thinner buckled straps running vertically above it. Another thin buckled strap is secured across the front of the helmet. A circular ear piece is sewn on either side of the helmet with a zippered opening. Inside each piece is a brass fitting for attaching gosport tubes. Brown leather Flying Helmet, yellow suede lined inside."N361". Hand written "V.H.Evans".flying helmet, raaf, headwear, leather -
Vision Australia
Photograph - Image, V.B.T.T.A. The Black & White Trophy, 1970-1975
A brown wooden award with a gold coloured plate above a wreath inscribed "V.B.T.T.A. Presented by St Andrews Badminton Club Glen Waverley 1970". At the base of the award a smaller gold coloured plate is engraved 'The Black & White Trophy'. Multiple small silver shields with the names of individuals and the year that they won the award are located either side of the larger plate, with four shields having no inscription. The smaller shields are engraved with the following: 1970 P. Sittlington, 1971 P. Goebel, 1972 L. Poore, 1973 B. Sitlington, 1974 P. Sitlington, 1975 P. Sitlington. A brown wooden award with a gold coloured plate above a wreath with 10 mini shieldsassociation for the blind, swish, awards, p sitlington, p goebel, l poore, bryan sitlington -
Bendigo Military Museum
Manual - MANUALS FOR LIGHT MACHINE GUN, ROBERTSON & MULLENS LTD, 1. The Lewis Gun simplified. 2. The Bren Gun Pocket Book, Unknown
Lewis Gun was used in WW1. Lewis and Bren Gun were used in WW2.1. Lewis Gun. This is a pocket size notebook. Khaki colour, printing is in black ink. It shows the title and drawing of a Lewis Gun. Fourth Edition (enlarged). Inside are illustrations of Lewis Gun Parts. 2. Bren Gun. Pocket size notebook. Pocket book and illustrated guide. Second edition. Inside are written instructions and illustrations of Bren Gun parts.1. Written on top front is - “L.V. Brown”, “1/-“ 2. Written on top front is - “L.V. Brown”.lewis gun, bren gun, manuals -
Benalla Art Gallery
Painting, Walter WITHERS, Sheep in shadows, 1910
Born: Birmingham, England 1854; Arrived Australia 1882; Died: 1914Heidelberg SchoolLedger Gift, 1980Rural landscape with grazing sheep and trees. Gold brushed grey painted timber frame. Recto: Signed "Walter Withers" in brown paint l.r.c of composition; Dated: "~ 10 ~" in brown paint; Not titledlandscape, animals, trees, sheep, australian art -
Warrnambool and District Historical Society Inc.
Document, Map: Lady Bay 1853, 1853
This is one of the earliest surveys and maps of Warrnambool harbor, Lady Bay. Being done in 1853, it shows the depths of the bay area marked in fathoms, currents and directions and areas of rocks around mouth of the Merri and the Western side of the bay as well as a large sand spit to the middle right of the beach region.. It also marks the large areas of seaweed and fuci in the outer bay area. It has the area of Pertobe Lagoon marked and shows the early tracks to the town. The engraving work was done by Tulloch and Brown, with Tulloch being one of the earliest engravers and lithographers in the state of Victoria. He arrived in Melbourne in 1849 and set up business with James Davie Brown in 1853 with Brown being a map engraver. They were awarded bronze and silver medals for their work at the Victorian Industrial Exhibition. He also worked in the vignettes on the Proeschel Map of Victoria.This map is of high historical and comparitive significance as it shows the Lady Bay area prior to the changes that have occurred in the last 160 years with the building of the breakwater. The issue regarding access to Lady Bay remains a current one. The engraver D Tulloch engraved some of the earliest scenes of the goldfields in Ballarat and as such has left a record of a very early and important era in Australian history. Rectangular cream paper with black text. Map area is outlined by fine black lined border. Key in top right hand corner and scale at bottom middle of map.Map is labelled Town of Warrnambool printed at top of map. Small logo at top right corner which has “Hydrographic Department” in circle around an anchor. Lady Bay Warrnambool Surveyed by John Barrow assistant surveyor Engraved by Tulloch & Brown in bottom right corner. Melbourne engraved by order of the legislative Council of Victoria in middle bottom.map, warrnambool, town of warrnambool map 1853, tulloch & brown map 1853, lady bay warrnambool,, warrnambool harbour, warrnambool breakwater, warrnambool beach -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Animal specimen - Merlin
This Merlin specimen is large for the falco columbarius species. It is brown and white in colouring which suggests that this particular specimen is female. This is because male Merlin's are usually blue, black, silver or grey. This species is predominantly found in the Northern Hemisphere. They are small, fast and highly skilled in hunting. The Merlin is generally a solitary bird outside of the mating season when it will socialise with other Merlins. The Merlin will consume smaller birds, mammals and bugs. This specimen is part of a collection of almost 200 animal specimens that were originally acquired as skins from various institutions across Australia, including the Australian Museum in Sydney and the National Museum of Victoria (known as Museums Victoria since 1983), as well as individuals such as amateur anthropologist Reynell Eveleigh Johns between 1860-1880. These skins were then mounted by members of the Burke Museum Committee and put-on display in the formal space of the Museum’s original exhibition hall where they continue to be on display. This display of taxidermy mounts initially served to instruct visitors to the Burke Museum of the natural world around them, today it serves as an insight into the collecting habits of the 19th century.This specimen is part of a significant and rare taxidermy mount collection in the Burke Museum. This collection is scientifically and culturally important for reminding us of how science continues to shape our understanding of the modern world. They demonstrate a capacity to hold evidence of how Australia’s fauna history existed in the past and are potentially important for future environmental research. This collection continues to be on display in the Museum and has become a key part to interpreting the collecting habits of the 19th century.This female Merlin has a medium brown back with light brown and white speckled chest. The edges of her wings are dark brown and underneath her tail is white but also patterned in spots of light brown. It's bright yellow eyes are framed by tan coloured feathers and elaborate spotted patterns throughout it's body. Her small hooked beck ranges from orange to dark brown and feet are a faded yellow.Swing tag: 28 / Merlin / Catalogue, page 6 / Other swing tag: 56 / Falco / Cesalon Metal tag: 4033 /taxidermy mount, taxidermy, animalia, burke museum, beechworth, australian museum, skin, bird, northern hemisphere, falcon, falco columberius, merlin, pigeon hawk -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Accessory - Purse, ca late 19th century
This purse or coin bag is in pristine condition. It has been handmade from soft brown leather. A strong leather loop has bee added to the top side edge, perhaps for attaching a tie or hook. The ring is used as a closure by folding the edges of the opening together and sliding the loop over the top. It is believed to be a handmade one-off item for domestic use. This purse or money bag is representative of an everyday item similar to those used through the centuries for the convenience of carrying coins and other small, personal effects. Similar items were used by both men and women. The leather fabric is a readily available, strong and long lasting material.Coin purse or bag; brown leather, rectangular shape, with metal ring closure and leather loop near the top. Part of the Chamberlain Dale Less collection.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, purse, leather, money bag, coin purse, pouch, money, change purse -
Melbourne Legacy
Newspaper - Article, Boats tops with kids, 1977
An article from an album of press clippings the relate to Melbourne Legacy in 1977. The photos and text show junior legatees were treated to a day on the water from the yachtsmen of Westernport, Somers and Merricks Yacht clubs. They queued for rides in Mirrors and Flying Dutchmen. One photo shows Junior Legatee Wayne Cowards on the trapeze of a Flying Dutchman. The boys were attending a legacy camp at Somers and the girls were at the Legacy Camp at Kew. The items were cut from the newspaper and pasted into a scrapbook with brown pages. For many years Legacy kept scrapbooks of press clippings that related to their work and publicity. Not all pages have been scanned but some are listed from 02164 to 02176.A record of outings and experiences that were provided for junior legatees and were published in the press in 1977.Newspaper article of Operation Float in 1977 pasted to brown page of a scrapbook.operation float, junior legatee outings, camp -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Geological specimen - Olivine with Chromian diopside (dark green), Unknown
This specimen was donated in 1868 by Alfred Selwyn. Olivine is typically found in basic and ultra-basic igneous rocks around the world, in a variety of colours including yellowish green, olive green, greenish black and reddish brown with a transparent to translucent diaphaneity. The luster of the specimen is vitreous, the luminescence non-fluorescent and when fractured the mineral is very brittle producing small, conchoidal fragments. Chromian diopside is normally found in small sizes as the larger the size of the mineral the darker the colour is, almost black rather than green. Chromium is the element that gives chromian diopside and emeralds their rich green colour. Diopside is found across the world in multiple colours however gem-quality chromian diopside is mined in Siberia, Russia and prominent within the jewellery industry as a more affordable substitute to emeralds. Chromium-bearing diopside has been located across Australia. Chromium-bearing Diopside is located across the world found in North America, parts of South America, and across Australia, Africa, Europe and Asia. Chromium-bearing Diopside is mined in Siberia, Russia and is sold as a commercial substitute for emeralds. The stone is often turned into jewellery. This item is one of many geological and mineral specimens that constitute a broader collection obtained from various regions across Australia (as well as some international locales) and generously contributed to the Burke Museum between 1868 and 1880. A significant portion of these specimens originated from Victoria and were acquired as a result of the Geological Survey of Victoria, initiated in 1852 during the Gold Rush era. The primary objective of this survey was to investigate and chart the geological characteristics of Victoria. The procurement of geological specimens played a vital role in advancing our comprehension of the Earth's scientific composition and was instrumental in supporting research and educational institutions throughout Australia, including the Burke Museum, in their efforts to foster further exploration and study. A solid mineral specimen in shades of green, grey and brownburke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - HANRO COLLECTION: PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE ERECTION OF JOHN BROWN KNITTING MILLS, 1954
John Brown Industries became a listed company in 1951 and acquired Star Hosiery Mills factory and its Bendigo offshoot. In 1955 they purchased a 4 acre site at Ironbark to build a new mill. This was completed in a record 19and a half weeks and the mill was handed over in Sept. 1956.Photographs of the Erection of John Brown Knitting Mills: A brown envelope which had hand printed writing in black ink. On the right hand top is *MP385*. In the middle *John Brown Knitting Mills Ironbark Bendigo. 14 Photos of Erection 1954? Photos by Reg Brock*. Attached to the envelope is a torn piece so paper which has been hand written in blue ink *John Brown & Welmar* Knitwear Socks & Dress wear The Finest in the Land. Made on the site of Bendigo's Richest Gold Mine, *The Little 180*. Inside the envelope is a collection of black and white photos of the erection of the John Brown Knitting Mills on Marong Road in Ironbark Bendigo. 14 Photos in total showing various views of the construction site. Workmen on the site laying bricks, constructing the steel building and trucks delivering steel etc. A crane truck with *General Carriers Bendigo* printed on the side door. On the back of each photo is *MP385*. The Circular stamp in blue ink of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria Bendigo Branch and a cream photographers label with a blue band top and bottom with *Reg. V. Brock of Bendigo in the bands. In the centre of the label in blue print is *No.... B1098. pos.... Additional copies may be obtained at any time by quoting this number. Box 116A.Reg. V. Brock of Bendigo.photograph, building, john brown, john brown knitting mills -
National Wool Museum
Textile - Quilt, 1940-1959
This small woollen suiting wagga was machine stitched, backed with orange cotton and edged with brown navy and white striped braid. It shows how important old and disused suiting fabric was for quilt making during World War Two. Part of the Running Stitch collection.Small woollen suitings wagga. It is machine stitched, backed with orange cotton and edged with brown navy and white striped braid. Two rows of orange braid and purple ric rac are stitched across the wagga.handicrafts quilting quilting - history, running stitch collection, running stitch group, handicrafts, quilting, quilting - history, world war two, wwii -
Montmorency/Eltham RSL Sub Branch
Uniform - Sam Browne Belt, Sam Browne Belt (brown leather)
The Samuel Browne belt is named after Sir Samuel James Browne VC. In 1858, Browne lost his left arm in battle (as a result of a sword cut) and as the dress regulations of his regiment required officers to wear their waist belts under their tunics, Browne found this ungainly and devised an external belt supported on the left-hand (sword) side by a shoulder strap. The belt had two shoulder straps when a holster was worn. In the Australian Army, a brown leather version is worn on ceremonial occasions by officers and Warrant Officers Class One of all corps, except those who wear silver dress embellishments (Armoured, Aviation and Nursing Corps). These members wear a black Sam Browne belt. Wide brown pattern stitched brown leather belt with adustable shoulder strap, brass buckle and brass loop fittings (4 at the top and 2 at the bottom) attached to the belt by stitched leather straps.Nonesam browne, belt, clothing -
The Beechworth Burke Museum
Geological specimen - Brown coal
This particular specimen was recovered from the Lal Lal Coal and Iron Mine in Victoria, 19km from Ballarat. Brown Coal was discovered here in 1857, just alongside the Geelong to Ballarat Railway line. This discovery of lignite (brown coal) was the first in Victoria, which would bring important benefits to the region and state, both of which had previously been reliant on coal imports. In the 1860s, iron ore was found just 5km from Lal Lal, and the area was converted into an Iron Ore Mine. The Lal Lal Iron Mining Company took over operations in 1874, who then peaked iron production in 1884. This mine continued operations until June 1884, when the blast furnace was extinguished and never recommenced. The blast furnace at Lal Lal is considered one of the most important and highly significant sites ion early industrial history in Australia, as it is the only remaining best furnace from the nineteenth century in the Southern Hemisphere. The furnace ruins are 17 metres high, and are clearly visible today on Iron Mine Road, Lal Lal, near the Bungal Dam. This specimen of Lignite (brown coal) is significant, as it was mined from the area where brown coal was first discovered in Victoria, leading to an important and controversial future of the mining and use of brown coal in this State. The Victorian Heritage Database has listed the Lal Lal Coal Mine with local significance, with their Statement of Significance stating: "The Lal Lal coal mine is historically significant as the site of the first discovery of lignite (brown coal) in Victoria, and one that promised important benefits to regional and state industries that were reliant on coal imports at the time. The significance of the stie is reduced by the poor state of preservation of the coal mining and processing fabric". This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A hand-sized light-weight, soft and combustable sedimentary rock specimen, that is dark brown in colour. The specimen has jagged edges, as though parts of the rock have crumbled away. Brown coal, or Lignite, is formed naturally from compressed peat, and is typically found in natural basins. The stages to the formation of coal ('coalification') begin with plant material and wood, which will decay if it is not subjected to deep burial or heating, and turn into Peat. Peat, when sufficiently compressed naturally, will turn into Brown Coal (Lignite), and finally into Black Coal (sub-bituminous, bituminous and anthracite). Each successive stage has a higher energy content and lower water content. It is brownish-black in colour. Brown Coal has a high moisture content, between 50 and 75 percent, and a low carbon content. Some Brown Coals may be stratified, with layers of plant matter, which means little coalification has occurred beyond the peat natural processing stage. When Brown Coal is submerged in dilute nitric acid or boiling potassium hydroxide solution, it reacts to produce a reddish solution, of which higher-ranked coals do not. When brown coal is pulverised and burned in boilers, the steam is used to drive turbines, which generates electricity. It is the lowest rank of coal, as when burned, it creates a relatively low heat content, which in turn does not create a great output of steam. burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, mineralogy, brown coal, brown coal specimen, lignite, lal lal, lal lal coal mine, lal lal iron mine, ballarat, blast furnace -
Kilmore Historical Society
Book, WHITCOMBE'S FEDERAL GEOGRAPHY, c1920
School text, Grade 8 geographyGrey cover, stained & torn, brown paper cover, pages torn & ink-marked. 160pp. Fair conditionnon-fictionSchool text, Grade 8 geographychildren, textbook, glanville, geography -
Bright & District Historical Society operating the Bright Museum
Book, MacGregor Polson and Co, The Holy Bible
Self interpreting bible. Cover embossed and gilded. An illustrated editionOn spine, Brown's bible, Cooke's notesbible, book, religion, christianity