From the 17th century, sadirons or sad irons (from Middle English "sad", meaning "solid", used in English through the 1800s) began to be used. They were thick slabs of cast iron, triangular and with a handle, heated in a fire or on a stove. These were also called flat irons. A laundry worker would employ a cluster of solid irons that were heated from a single source: As the iron currently in use cooled down, it could be quickly replaced by a hot one. An antique black heavy cast iron sad iron (from Middle English 'sad' meaning 'solid') with a rounded cast iron handle. It has a roughened surface with a decorative pattern on the top of the iron. 'LYNC' is stamped on the cast iron inside a star shape. 'W' is stamped on the left side, 'C' is stamped on the right hand side. irons, laundry irons

From the 17th century, sadirons or sad irons (from Middle English "sad", meaning "solid", used in England through the 1800s) began to be used. They were thick slabs of cast iron, triangular and with a handle, heated in a fire or on a stove. These were also called flat irons. A laundry worker would employ a cluster of solid irons that were heated from a single source: As the iron currently in use cooled down, it could be quickly replaced by a hot one. An antique heavy cast iron sad iron (from Middle English 'sad' meaning 'solid') with a rounded cast iron handle. It has a roughened surface with a decorative pattern on the top of the iron. irons, laundry irons

This iron poker is a piece of equipment essential for the open fireplaces used for 19th and early 20th century domestic heating.A long steel vintage fire poker with a turned knob handle and square reinforced pointed end. It was used to move wood and logs in an open fire.fireplace accessories, fireplaces, fire irons, pokers

This iron was used by women to press the clothes from the mid 19th century. Coal embers were put inside, heating the base of the iron. Small bellows could be used to fire up the embers in order to keep the iron hot.This item is significant as it represents the appliances used by women from the mid 19th century until the advent of electricity.Brass iron with hinged lid, curved funnel and wooden handle with asbestos standdomestic object, iron, laundry, appliance

This small kettle was from the home of Mrs Streizel and the family of Mrs Adamson. Kettles were used as a domestic item to boil water safely without the concern that the metal may contain lead or arsenic as earlier utensils had. The household depended on constant hot water availability for all cooking, washing and other household chores. These small kettles would have been used perhaps at the table to add water to the teapot instead of using the heavy large cast iron ones over the open fire or on the stove. This one is from the early 1900's.A small dark blue enamel hot water kettle with a black curved moveable handle riveted onto the top sides and a goose neck spout. It has a removable lid with a small knob. White enamel interior. kitchenware, kitchen equipment, kettles

The cast iron combustion stove is significant as part of the evolution of domestic cooking. Previously, cooking was mostly carried out in the outdoors on open fires, and later in fireplaces indoors. The cast iron combustion stove is significant as part of the evolution of domestic cooking. Cast iron stoves burn solid fuel such as wood or coal, and are used for cooking and warmth. The stoves have a firebox with a grate where the fuel is burned. The hot air flows through flues and baffles that heat the stove top and the oven. By the 1920s gas cookers were being introduced for domestic use, and by the 1930s electric home cookers were being offered to householders. A vintage cast iron kitchen stove set in the back wall of the Mont De Lancey Slab Kitchen. It has two steel decorative hinged doors with a handle to open and close. There is one pull out metal shelf in each compartment. Between the two doors is a round door which opens to reveal the wood box with a slatted base. This allows the ash and small coals from the fire to fall though to a pull-out tray below to be emptied outside when cooled. There is another lift-out kid to clean the ash and coals underneath.On the chimney plate 'Andrews, Patent Non Pariel' On the front of the stove below the round wood box 'C Andrews Geelong'cooking equipment, cooking stoves, fuel cooking stoves, domestic ovens

This iron poker is a piece of equipment essential for use in open fireplaces or in wood stoves which was used for 19th and early 20th century domestic heating or cooking.A long steel vintage fire poker with a small finger loop at the end of the handle and a bent hook shape at the end. It was used to move wood and logs in an open fire.fireplace accessories, fireplaces, fire irons, pokers, fuel cooking stoves

index, ill, p.217.non-fictionINTRODUCTION Until well into the twentieth century, driver, fireman and guard — with a locomotive — set out on something resembling a safari. Tucker boxes crammed with food, a change of clothing, a roll of blankets, and armed with a sheaf of time-tables, they worked trains hither and thither not to return home for almost a week. But the passing of time, plus union pressure, brought an end to the need for "waltzing Matilda". Not only blankets but sheets, pillow slips, then later mosquito nets, along with other aids to civilized living, were provided by the Department in living quarters away from home. Few wives took kindly to the chore of selecting and preparing food and packing tucker boxes. Railwaymen seeking board and lodgings in a new depot could receive a set-back by being told "no tucker boxes packed". Until pooling of locomotives in depots became the order, a driver and fireman had "their own engine", and great was the competition between engine crews to display the best groomed horse. Much time might be spent outside rostered working hours cleaning their engine with kerosene and polishing with tallow and bath brick. So spotless and sparkling were some that a proud engineman would say a clean white handkerchief could be rubbed even over a hidden part. While miners talked of what made their day, farmers discussed crops and harvests, seamen their ships, and trainers and jockeys their horses, wherever steam men gathered, discussion soon turned to locomotives and the trains they hauled. Like jockeys with their mounts, iron horses with excellent traits were praised while those with annoying peculiarities were criticized and remedies suggested. Methods of firing to get best results from slow steaming locos were debated. Driver warned driver of weaknesses found in locomotives on recent "trips", spoke of developing defects calling for close attention — this one is "knocking Badly on one side", that one "priming badly (give her a good blow down before leaving the shed)", another with a "big end inclined to run hot", one with "a lot of slop in the boxes", one "getting down on the springs", or the sloth that was slow pulling on steep climbs to the chagrin of a driver striving to run on time. Things of no small concern when handling a locomotive on a train for a shift of maybe eight hours straight, or ten, even twelve, and on occasions longer. Foreknowledge of the particular loco allotted his train on the next job could fill the preceding hours for a driver or fireman with pleasant contentment, or with nagging trepidation and disgust…… railroads -- queensland -- history, railroads -- australia -- queensland -- history.

This a cropped reproduction of a photograph taken by Charles Nettleton in c. 1868. Founded in 1856, the Lying-in Hospital was the second hospital to be established in Melbourne, after the Melbourne Hospital. It was, however, the first lying-in hospital in the Australasian colonies. The hospital was founded in a converted private house "Fairmont", which was located at 41 Albert Street, Eastern Hill (now East Melbourne). In 1858, the 'Lying-in Hospital' was relocated and opened in Madeline St, North Melbourne (now known as Swanston St, Carlton)." (The Women's) The building pictured here was eventually demolished in 1938 to make way for further extensions to the building. The original site in Albert Street was demolished in 1960, and the site is now occupied by the Melbourne Fire Brigade. A section of the wrought iron gates from the original site in Albert Street is held in RANZCOG's historical collection.Reproduction photograph of the front of a building. The building is three stories high. The lowest floor has eight large windows, with a door at centre, on the front side. One side window can also be seen at bottom right. There is a small flight of stairs leading up to the door. The second floor has eight windows in the same locations as the first floor, plus one additional window at centre instead of a door. The top floor is much smaller, with three small windows facing the front of the building. There are trees in the grounds in from of the building. House and grounds are enclosed behind a fence. There is a gate in the fence opposite the front door. Three figures are visible on the path outside the fence. One is at the centre of the image, and the other two are in the right hand corner. Text printed below image reads 'THE LYING - IN HOSPITAL circa 1870'. The image has been mounted and framed in a black wooden frame. An old display label for this image is attached to the back of the frame. handwritten text on backing board at back of work reads 'Probably prior to 1867 (J. Nattrass, 1968). Tape residue visible on backing board at upper right. A chain and two hooks have been added to the frame for hanging.

Donated by late Miss Daisy Campbell, homesite now known as 'Campbell's Croft'. The iron would have been heated over a fire/stove and then used to iron garments.A flat iron made from iron,'Silvesters...No 8'domestic items, irons

BHS Collection12 photocopied pages. Page four has acknowledgements, Page five mentions Pen-Portraist by Raly Wallace and Kevin Vallence, Page 14 mentions some rich areas: White Hills, Red Hill (now Virginia Hill), Eaglehawk, Golden Gully, New Chum Gully, Long Gully, Spring Gully, Derwent Gully, California Gully, Sailors Gully and Peg Leg Gully. There are two sketches on the page: Windless, by W. Ralston, Australasian Sketcher 20/12/1879 (D O'Hoy Collection) and a sketch of some miners in a tent with some mining equipment in front of it. There are two men in front of a fire at the front of the tent. Page 16 has a sketch of an old brick house with iron lace on the veranda and a picket fence at the front. Page 17 mentions the school and some Friendly Societies and Church. Page 22 mentions Quartz Mining. There is a Lithograph of a Quartz outcrop, New Chum Gully 1852 by George Rowe and a View of Surface Workings 1861, a Batchelder Photo. Page 23 mentions Edward Nucella Emmett, a pioneer gold digger who became involved in many important public issues. Page 25 mentions Company Mining and Crushing. It has a sketch of a Primitive Quart Crusher. Page 37 Mentions Richard Pope, a Miner who tramped from job to job in Bendigo and eventually followed the rush to Broken Hill. Page 38 mentions the Eaglehawk Brass Band and Friendly Societies in Eaglehawk. Page 39 is headed Miner's Cottage. It mentions stone miners' cottages. Page 40 has a sketch of a Georgian Style Sandstone Cottage Harvey Town. Page 41 mentions men sweeping the road to get gold, Bull Family grocery shop and a blacksmith. Page 42 is headed St. Augustine's. Page 43 has a sketch of St. Augustine's Church. Page 59 is headed Bendigo Amalgamated Goldfields (B.A.G.) Edward Clarence Dyason was largely behind a new company set up in 1917 to work the Bendigo field in an entirely new way. (B.A.G.) wished to take over all existing mining companies, and place them under a single management structure.bendigo, history, long gully history group, the long gully history group - some historical information, mr l hooley, mr l bennetts, mr w watson, mr w heraud, mr d m davies, mr w perry, mr h harvey, mr a llewellyn, mr e oates, chook temple by mr alan llewellyn, mr f cusack, tracey ipsen, ray wallace, bendigo field naturalists' club, eaglehawk tree lovers' society, bendigo historical society, university of melbourne, kevin vallence, monash university, bendigo technical college, south australian writer's fellowship, windlass, w ralston, australasian sketcher 20.12.1879, d o'hoy, mechanics institute, california gully school, bell topper hill, i.o.r. (rechabites), cobden tent, refuge tent, sutton tent, m.u.i.o.o.f.'s loyal darling, bible christian church, california hill wesleyan methodist church, saint jude's anglican church, quartz mining, e n emmett, jonathan harris, haris' claim, j hustler, george rowe, batchelder, la trobe library, cave, amos, new chum line of reef, edward nucella emmett, bendigo city council, all saints, william westgarth, latham and watson, hustler's line of reef, bell and irons, ballerstedt and son, young and company, nicholas and bassit, ensor, thomas carpenter, quartz crusher, goldfields and mineral districts of victoria, richard pope, daniel webster mine, isaac dyason, old chum mine, north old chum mine, young chum mine, george lansell, lazarus, silicosis of the lungs, eaglehawk brass band, victoria hotel, mr williams, eaglehawk branch of the australian natives association, loyal catherine lodge, mr james, odd fellows in the loyal catherine lodge branch no 4935, richard harvey, thomas harvey, moonta copper mines, harvey town, national trust of australia, eaglehawk tree lovers society, saint mungo's methodist church, clark's beehive battery, world war 1, kee-young, lady barkly hotel, prankhurst, bull family, cousin jack, st augustine's, myers, nicholls, john o'brien, around the boree log, the rev dean hayes, st kilian's, bendigo amalgamated goldfields (b.a.g.), edward clarence dyason, r h s abbott, hercules and energetic, south new moon, new chum goldfields, central red white and blue consolidated, brown john, the life and times of long gully, bendigo press, val white, megan snoop

Cast iron was a suitable material for pots and pans because it heats up fairly quickly and retains the heat for some time. Soot from the fire would cover the cast iron and give the pot its black appearance. This was considered good because dark colours absorb heat more readily. The were used for cooking in a variety of situations, such as on an open fire and wood-burning stove. The long handle was essential for cooking on open fires to keep the flame of the fire at a distance, and to avoid burning one’s hand. This pan is an example of a common domestic item used in the late 19th century. A shallow small cast iron frying pan with a long tubular handle attached with three rivets to the pan. There is a hole at the end of the handle for hanging. kitchen equipment, kitchenware, frying pans, cooking equipment

George Pollard was born in Corfe, Dorsetshire England in 1824. Being dissatisfied as a clay miner, he decided to migrate to Australia. He migrated in 1851 and after a short unsuccessful time on the goldfields in Bendigo, followed by a period in Dederang and farming in Oxley, he selected land on Little River, now know as the Kiewa River in 1868. His property was know as Rosebank and George continued to live there until his death in 1915. In the early 1880s, George Pollard constructed a creamery on his property at Bonegilla Flat. The creamery stood until the late 1970s although in a state of ruin and used neaas a scratching post by the cattle which grazed in the surrounding paddock. The creamery included a chimney and fireplace. This generated warmth so that when large pans of milk were placed near the fire the cram would rise to the top and could easily be separated to produce butter for the growing family. In 1982 Fred Hillier was visiting from Queensland and offered to make the replica of the creamery featured Wodonga & District Historical Society Collection.This item is significant because it represents a creamery owned by an important family in the Bonegilla district.A small model of an old building made from clay. It includes a roof resembling corrugated iron and empty spaces for windows.Underneath Model Bonegilla Creamery 1886 By Fred Hillier 1982pollard family, agricultural buildings

Early form of home heating and because of the copper dish was considered one of the better models|Manufacturing History Museum Victoria|Commentary: Australian manufacturing history Philip Wollen|Many years ago, when I was an ambition young man, I took over a company called Hecla.|This business was formed in 1872, long before Federation was even contemplated. The company established a rich tradition in the Australian manufacturing industry. The prodigious product range included kettles, mixers, toasters, hairdryers, urns, pie warmers, bain maries, and electric blankets for the domestic and commercial market. During the war it even manufactured parts for aircraft. It was one of Melbourne's largest employers.|Hecla was one of the pioneers in TV advertising, led by icons like Bert Newton, Bobby Limb, Evie Hayes and Graham Kennedy who ad Jibbed his way through irreverent and unscripted naughtiness about Hecla electric blankets and foot warmers. The slogan was 'By Hecla, its good.'. One can imagine the fun Bert and Graham had with their double entendres.|In the 60's Hecla entered into a partnership with General Electric and expanded rapidly. The massive factory, on the corner of Alexandra Parade and Chapel Street overlooking the Yarra River was a Melbourne landmark.|The business was formed by one of the scions of Melbourne industry. Mr Marriott was a metal worker of some repute, building the lights in front of Melbourne's Parliament House, the first steam car, the sideboard at the RACY Club, and the first factory to run on electricity.|By the time I acquired the company it was a shadow of its former self, incapable of competing with cheap Chinese imports. Wandering around the warehouse late one night I discovered a large, boarded up storeroom which appeared not to have been opened in decades.|Over several months I combed through the room, unearthing a treasure trove of products from a bygone era. Dusty files, engineering drawings, wooden prototypes, patent records, and correspondence from distributors on every continent.|I decided to track down an old man, Ray, long retired after 50 years with Hecla. He was not well off financially and welcomed the paid work. It turned out that he had done his apprenticeship with the company and there wasn't much he didn't know about it. He had been personally involved in the manufacture of almost every type of product on the Hecla smorgasbord's of products.|So for over 2 years he methodically assembled a mini museum of Hecla products, painstakingly polishing them and ensuring they were in working order. He attached the original brochure of each product and their respective warranty cards. For him it was ,a labour of love. For me it was a fascinating, if vicarious journey, into Australia's manufacturing past.|My colleagues complained that I was wasting money on his salary, our time and factory space on stuff that should have been dumped years ago. I tried to explain that I was merely a steward of the Hecla tradition, not merely an owner. Besides, the look on Ray's face convinced me that there was another dynamic at work. One I could see, but didn't really understand.|After he Passed away I faced a dilemma. What to do with this 'museum' of Hecla history. Nobody was interested.|So I kept the 'stuff' in private storage, hoping that same day someone would be interested in it. And the years passed.|Finally, I had a brainwave. Perhaps the Melbourne Museum would be interested. It was a long shot but I made the call. I had a nagging suspicion that they would think I was simply trying to get them to relieve me of paying for this huge collection to be taken to the tip.|To my surprise they said they would be willing to take a look, I secretly hoped that they would take the whole collection and not leave me with an incomplete jumble of appliances that I would indeed have to take to the tip.|On the appointed day, four serious looking young people showed up. Armed with digital cameras, note books and poker faces they spent four hours analysing the goods and the supporting materials. I asked them if they had any interest and their response was decidedly non-committal. It depends on the acquisitions committee, I was told. I was disheartened and packed up the exhibits to go back into storage.|Imagine my surprise when months later they telephoned to say that they had researched the history of the company, and yes, they would like to take the whole collection. And a truck with 'handlers' would arrive the following day to pick it up. Two years ago all Hecla's archives left me forever and went to the Museum's warehouse.|Well, to my delight I received a call yesterday inviting me to a private viewing of the exhibition at the Melbourne Museum. These young historians had meticulously assembled an impressive display of Melbourne's industry and technology going back to the 1800's. They thanked me like a significant benefactor when it is I who should have thanked them.|I saw the excitement in the eyes of these young people who had somehow managed to dig out and assemble memories from Australia's past. If this is the standard of care that the curators of the Melbourne Museum show all their exhibits, our history is in safe hands.|Their meticulous work took me back to those years long ago when I saw an old man lovingly assembling and cataloging a lifetime of his work.|It took me back to the day when Australians actually made things. Long before we became a nation of quarrymen. Before we became animal-factory 'farmers'. Of a time when products didn't break down, or dumped and replaced before the warranty expired. When men like Mr Marriott cared deeply about what their hands produced.|It reminded me of the call I received from an elderly lady in Tasmania asking for the electrical element for a Hecla K7 kettle. I searched the archives and called her back. The K7 was produced decades earlier and we no longer carried that spare part. She was quite disheartened and told me her kettle had finally 'given up the ghost' and she couldn't bear to part with it. It was a present from her husband on their wedding day 45 years ago. Her final words were 'they don't make them like that, do they? By Hecla they were good.'|I'm glad I followed my instinct and put Ray back on the payroll all those years ago..|I like to think Mr Marriott would have been pleased.Pedestal radiator. Base is cast iron with three feet with rose design on each. Pedestal supports a copper spherical reflector plate which has an electrical connection box at its base. The connection box is joined to the pedestal by a screw and nut to enable the reflector to be tilted. The element is cone shaped and is in the centre of the plate. The element is protected by a wire guard.Hecla Firedomestic items, heating