Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: (Huyghue) Here is a drawing of part of the Gravel Pits lead in 1854. Show many of the shafts with their awnings over them. Markings: 37 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: (Continued) Numbers of stores scattered about, with their gay flags; and numbers of new holes put down and waiting the result of those in progress, with their windlasses standing on square frameworks of logs, some 5 or 6 feet above the ground. The crowds; the heaps of clay thrown up of all colours - every heap different - bright yellow, dazzling white, mottled Black and white, and brilliant rose pink; the dirt and the noises were altogether something extraordinary. Similar scenes presented themselves in Eureka and Canadian Gullies. All was bustle and activity; for these are the great lotteries of the Victorian Diggings, where there are really heavy prizes - and to each - thousand blanks. . . (From ''Land, Labour, and Gold'' by William Howitt.) Markings: 36 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: (Continued) Nothing could be more astonishing than the sight of hundreds of men bustling about, all eagerness, all hurry, working away in the midst of mud of up to the hips, and pools of puddle thick as batter for a pudding; tubs, cradles, windlasses, and wee-gees, or long poles balanced by a stone at the end and a bucket at the other, to raise water for their washing - all in motion - a perfectly confounding phantasmagoria of impetuous action and of sludge. (Continued) Markings: 34 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: (Continued) The scene at the Gravel Pits was especially animated, and would have made a capital sketch. The crowded assemblage of white awnings on these clay heaps, which the diggers had raised to protect them at their work on rainy weather, these standing at different elevations; the diggers turning their windlasses; and others, in rows of half-a-dozen along the sides of muddy pools, working away at their puddling tubs with their shovels, chopping and stirring them about; other cradling; others washing out. (Continued) Markings: 34 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: But when you came to where the diggers were at work, the scene defied all description. The whole surface was thrown into heaps of clay from six to ten feet high - for it appeared to be all clay which they threw out there. Here, indeed, had accumulated all the mud and clay which for thousands of years had been flowing from the hills around, It was this which had thus buried the gold 160 feet deep, and through which the diggers had to sink for it. Between these muddy mountains thrown up by diggers, the water accumulated in deep pools which they avail themselves of to was their gold our with and the heaps of clay were trodden by hundreds of men constantly crossing them in all directions. (Continued) Markings: 33 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: The next four frames contain a description of deep sinking at Ballarat in 1853, taken from William Howitt's book, ''Land, Labour, and Gold'', which was published in 1855. Markings: 32 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: From the original in the Dixon Gallery, Public Library of N.S.W. A whim in Bendigo, 1857. Picture is a sketch of three men working a whim. Markings: 31 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: and the whim. (This photograph, taken in the 1860's, gives a close-up view of a whim.) Markings: 30 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: But labour - saving devices for raising the dirt were soon being used - the whip (some whips were worked by hand, others by a horse walking towards or away from the shaft. (Picture displays a whip.) Markings: 29 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: (von Guerrard) Deep sinking, Ballarat, 1853. Usually the wasdirt was raised in the shaft by a windlass. Slide shows mining site at the diggings with a windlass and awing. Markings: 28 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: Sketches at the Gold Fields. This cartoon (from the Melbourne Punch, Aug, 27, 1857) illustrates what frequently happened on crowded leads. Depicts miners digging their tunnels only to end up digging into the next lead. Markings: 27 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: (Huyghue) The Red Streets, Ballarat. A lead might stretch to mile; but it was never very wide; and hence shafts were often sunk very close together. Slide shows tops of shafts and awnings in background, very close together. Markings: 26 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. Getting the Gold. Slide: (von Guerard) Deep Sinking, Ballarat, 1853. Shafts were generally covered with canvas awning. Why? Slide shows canvas awnings over mine shafts. Markings: 25 994.LIF:4. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide reads: But these under-estimate the actual numbers considerably. Other official estimates were: January, 1855 - 10,000. July, 1855 - 17,000. End of 1857 - 40,000. End of 1859 - 42,000. Practically all of those who came were to be found on the goldfields. Markings: 29. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide reads: This act limited the number of Chinese that a ship could carry by any Victorian port; it imposed an entrance tax of 10 pound to be paid by the master of the ship on every Chinese he landed in Victoria; it established a fund for the maintenance and relief of Chinese immigrants; and it provided for the appointment of ''protector'' to look after the interests of the Chinese. Markings: 27. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide reads: The act of 1855 was, in practice , a failure, because the captains of ships engaged in the lucrative passenger and cargo trade with China dodged payment of the entrance fee by landing their Chinese passengers in South Australia, at Guichen Bay . . . Markings: 26. Used as a teaching aid.hanmounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide reads: Discovery by ''overlanding'' Chinese of the rich canteen load near Ararat led to a great rush to that field (1857). An anti-Chinese riot followed. Slide shows route that the Chinese would have walked. . . . Whence overlanded into Victoria. Markings: 25. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide reads on right: During the gold rush for many years afterwards, some government proclamations were issued in Chinese as well as in English. View of proclamation on left. (View of the original Dixon Gallery, Public Library of NSW) Markings: 24. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide: Here is part of the front page of an English-Chinese news paper published in Ballarat in 1857. Markings: 23. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide: This cartoon from Melbourne Punch (April, 1857) is entitled ''A Flood of Celestial Light pouring in upon the Diggings''. Slide shows a large group of Chinese travelling to their destination, most of them are on foot. Some onlookers. Markings: 22. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide: The practical failure of the Act of 1856, and the fresh outburst of anti-Chinese feeling in the Buckland riots of 1857, led to Victorian Government to take further action in the latter year. (1) A residence fee was imposed on all Chinese in the colony (one pound per month - ultimately reduced, after Chinese protests, to four pound per year). (2) The co-operation of South Australia was sought, and , in 1857, the government of that colony passed a restriction act similar to the Victorian Act of 1855. Markings: 21. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide: Has royal emblem. Anno Vicesimo Primo. Victoriae Reginae. No 3. An Act to make provision for levying a charge on Chinese arriving in South Australia. [Assented to, 19th November, 1857.] Be it enacted by his Excellency the Governor-in-Chief of South Preamble, Australia, by and with the advice of. . . . Markings: 20. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide: Royal emblem, Lion and Unicorn. Victoria, Victoria Regine No. XLI An Act to regulate the residence of the Chinese Population in Victoria. (24th November, 1857. Whereas it is expedient to regulate and control the residence (the rest of document is not shown) Markings: 19. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide: Subsequent Anti - Chinese Legislation In Australia Markings: 18hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields, diggers & mining. the chinese on the gold fields. slide: subsequent anti - chinese legislation in australia

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide: In a Ballarat Mine C. 1867. Only a few were employed in gold mines, and they usually did only surface work, Why? Picture; depicts miners pushing a loaded trolley, many of them have a shovel in hand. Markings: 17 (smudged number). Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide: Shows 3 Chinese mining for gold. (2) The Chinese were successful diggers, and this evoked jealousy . . . Markings: 16. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide: Shows number of Chinese in Victoria from 1851 to 1947. After 1861 numbers of Chinese gradually decreased. Markings: 15. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide: Shows stage coach overloaded with people and their belongings. Wording: This photograph shows a diggings party on a Cobb & Co. coach near Newstead c. 1870. Note European dress. Markings: 14. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide: Chinese quarter, Ballarat, 1868. In the 1860s and 1870s many Chinese in Victoria persisted at gold digging. Slide shows township and Chinese along the creek looking for gold. Markings: 13. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields

Diggers & Mining. The Chinese on the Gold Fields. Slide: Many Chinese took up other occupations; some became successful market gardeners, fishermen, laundrymen, cooks, and sellers of tea and sugar (till near the end of the 19th century, both these commodities came from China). In Melbourne, they made fine cabinet makers; the first successful tobacco growers in Victoria were Chinese in the Ovens Valley. Markings: 12. Used as a teaching aid.hanimounteducation, tertiary, goldfields