Bituminous coal is the most common type of coal, abundantly found in ancient coal deposits which can be dated back millions of years. Often referred to as soft or black coal, this specimen exhibits a high carbon content, ranging from 76-86%. It also holds a relatively high energy density (27 MJ/kg) meaning that it releases significant amounts of energy when burned. Bituminous coal is most commonly used for electricity generation, as well as in the production of steel. This particular piece of coal was collected as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria in the nineteenth century. It originates from Cape Paterson, a seaside village located in South Gippsland, Victoria (located on Bunurong Country). The discovery of bituminous coal in this locality was first made in 1826 by explorer William Hovell. More discoveries were gradually made over the following decades and in 1859 the Victorian Coal Company commenced the first active coal mining operations in the state by sinking a number of shafts and bores near the area of Cape Paterson. Evidence of this coal-focused past can be found today at the State Coal Mine Museum in the nearby town of Wonthaggi. This specimen is significant as it was collected from the locality of Cape Paterson in Victoria, an area that has since become historically instrumental in the mining of coal and other substances in the state of Victoria. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study. A solid hand-sized piece of bituminous coal with a shiny black-grey surface and jagged edges.Existing Label: BITUMINOUS COAL / Locality: Cape / Patterson, VIC. burke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen, state coal mine museum, wonthaggi coal mine, victorian coal company, bituminous coal, coal victoria, coal energy generation, william hovell, cape paterson, coal specimen

John Wicking speaks from a podium at an unknown function.Col. photograph of John Wicking speaking at a function.association for the blind, john wicking

Faded photograph of John Cook, who later became the Chief Executive Officer for the AssociationB/W photograph of John Cookassociation for the blind, john cook

Three articles including: Perilous Summer - Thin Edge of the Wedge at Eltham - Eltham A lifestyle in peril published in "The Age" 21/08/1976 All articles thought to be from "The Age" in the 1970s. Written by John March. This was the pen name of former Kangaroo Ground resident Bill Baly. They relate to the people of Eltham and its hinterlands, their problems with planning, rates and politicians and thier artistic inclinations. 14 pageseltham, bushfires, lifestyle, green wedge, bill baly

John Herron immigrated to Australia aboard the Royal Mail Ship Orvieto leaving the Port of London on 6 May 1926 and arriving in Melbourne on 1 June 1926. The ORVIETO was built by Workman Clark at Belfast in 1909. It was chartered by the Orient Steam Navigation Co until 1919 when it was taken over by the P&O Line. The passenger ship of 12,133 tons could accommodate 1117 people. Its maiden voyage in 1909 was from London to Sydney and Melbourne via the Suez Canal. During World War I the ship was used a minelayer and converted into an armed Merchant cruiser. In 1919 under the P&O line the ORVIETO resumed the passenger run between England and Australia, operating until 1930 when it was scrapped.John Herron was the husband of Isa May (nee Kennedy). Isa was the granddaughter of one of the oldest residents born in Bentleigh in 1857, James Jones.Third Class Passengers Contract Ticket for John Herron aboard the Royal Mail Steamship ORVIETO to Australia departed London 1 May 1926 two sided First day of May 1926 - John Herron, aged 17. - Melbourne - This ticket is available at the Company's option for a berth in a six, eight or ten berth cabinjohn herron, immigration, rms orvieto, ship, travel, moorabbin, bentleigh, london, steerage ticket, orient line, mail

PRIVATE JOHN EDWARD WOOD, No 5239, 6th Infantry Battalion, Killed in Action 20/9/1917 in Belgium.Memorabilia - framed story of a soldier, in colour, using memorabilia of the soldier and his life, Printed on paper. Frame - black extruded plastic, glass front, cardboard backing.JOHN E. WOODframed item, anzacs, eaglehawk

John Cook sitting at his desk.B/W photographs and negative print of John CookJ. Cook 28/6/91 on back of triple print.association for the blind, john cook

Councilor H.A.Paterson was elected as a member of council in 1953 until 1964.He served one term as Shire President in 1961-62. This photo which is part of a collection of photos was taken to commemorate the 1954 visit of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth 11,and was presented by the Shire President G.A.Fraser, to mark the occaision.Section of the Original Historical Photo of Councilors for the finanacial year 1954.Sepia Brown photo of Councilor H.A.Patterson,situated second from left,bottom row,of composite photo of Councilors for the year 1954. PRESENTED TO THE BALLARAT SHIRE COUNCIL BY THE SHIRE PRESIDENT TO COMMEMORATE THE VISIT OF HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY QUEEN ELIZABETH 11,1954.ballarat shire council 1954, h a paterson queen elizabeth 11 visit

Black and white copy of original photograph a gentleman standing wearing a dark formal suit, with a white shirt and bowtie. A lady standing next to him wearing dark ankle length skirt and jacket, with a white broad brimmed hat and lace at neckline, with ribbon corsage tied around her left wrist.david davies, mary mckarg paterson, berringa

Black and white photograph (2 copies)

Morgan Bevan John was born in Ballarat on 16 December 1905. He was a member of the Ballarat School of Mines Council from 1942, and President from 24 February 1960 to 20 April 1977.Portrait of M.B. Johnm.b. john, morgan b. john, morgan bevan john, ballarat school of mines, ballarat school of mines council

John Blanch rests in a hospital or nursing home bed, whilst his wife(?) looks towards the camera.Col. photograph of John Blanch and wife(?)association for the blind, john blanch

John Richardson, proprietor and editor of the Charlton Tribune, at the entrance to the Charlton Tribune Office. Formerly the Wylie Building then the Charlton Tribune Office c. 1940 - 1950.Black and white photo of John Richardson standing outside the Charlton Tribune office. Typed notice stuck to bottom of photo reads 'John Richardson Editor of the Charlton Tribune outside the office at the west end of High St in the late 1940's"John Richardson Editor of the Charlton Tribune outside the office at the west end of High St in 1947john richardson, charlton tribune, newspaper, editor, wylie building

John Cook sitting at his desk in Kooyong.Col. transparencies of John Cook sitting at his deskassociation for the blind, john cook

John and his brother, William were the first real settlers on Phillip Island.Black and white portrait of John David McHaffie.john david mchaffie, portrait, photographs

Details the life and family history of John James Jeffery, his English roots and his time in Greensborough as a poultry farmer. Prepared by his son John Jefferey in 2008.Gives the origin of Jeffery Court, (off Nepean St).2 x A4 pages.Family history of John James Jeffery, john james jeffrey, poultry farm, nepean street, greensborough, arthur street greensborough.

This bottle is known as a marble stopper bottle. The bottle was filled upside down so that as soon as the filling stopped the stopper was forced down to seal the bottle against the rubber ring. Pressure inside the bottle would keep the marble pressed against the top of the bottle. To open the bottle the marble was pressed down where it would fall into the neck chamber below. The marble would stay inside the chamber when the bottle was tilted up for drinking. This bottle came from the aerated waters factory of John Fletcher. This factory was commenced in the mid 19th century by John Davis. As a young boy John Fletcher worked at the cordial factory of John Rowley in Banyan Street, Warrnambool and then worked for John Davis at his Union Cordial Factory for many years. In 1885 he succeeded John Davis in this business. Fletcher’s business continued until 1930 and it later was bought by Ralph Reeves. John Fletcher manufactured aerated waters, soda, tonic waters, lemonade, ginger ale, hop beer, hop bitters, sarsaparilla and cordials. This bottle is of interest, firstly because it is a good example of the marble stopper type of bottle, no longer in use. It is also important because it is a John Fletcher bottle and he was a prominent soft drinks manufacturer in Warrnambool for over 40 years. This is a green-coloured glass bottle with a round base. The top of the body of the bottle has two heavy indentations either side, narrowing the entry to the body of the bottle. The neck is short and thick and the opening at the top of the bottle is moulded with a rubber ring around the inside. A glass marble is loose inside the bottle neck. The name of the manufacturer is moulded into the glass on the side and includes a crown symbol used as a trade mark.‘John Fletcher Trade Mark Warrnambool’ john fletcher, warrnambool, cordial manufacturers in warrnambool

Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection

Dr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia CollectionDr John A Forbes Fairfield / Gull Force 2/21 Bn AIF / Ziarah Caltex & Rumah Sakit Ambon Hospital Indonesia Collection

Frank (Thomas Francis) Cahir enlisted in the 2nd Australian Field Ambulance on 18 August 1918, serving at Gallipoli, and was awarded a Military Medal on 27 October 1916. On 15 September 1918 he was recommended for the award of a Distinguished Conduct Medal, but through an oversight, it was never gazetted, and therefore not awarded until after a successful application for recognition resulted in the award of a Distinguished Service Medal on 18 October 2017. His son John Cahir tells the story to Rosie Bray.6 pages, text with col. photographs, plus 5 colour photographs.frank cahir, thomas francis cahir, world war 1