Laterite refers to both a rock and a soil type that is rich in clay, as well as Iron and Aluminium. It is created during a process that is called laterization, where high heat and seasonal heavy rainfall cause there to be wet and dry periods, which over time hardens the soil into rock. Because of this, most laterite is formed between tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. The iron oxide in laterite is what gives it it’s orange-red colouring. The largest religious complex in the world, Angkor Wat in Cambodia, is partially constructed of laterite, particularly its foundations, as laterite is porous and allows rainwater to drain. This specimen of laterite was collected from the Democratic Republic of Congo while it was colonised by Belgium in the 19th century. Laterite forms in many parts of the world, particularly between the tropics. It is used both for ore and as a building material, and comparing specimens from different parts of the world allows us to document the different compositions that this mineral can have when formed at different locations. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.a palm-sized solid iron-aluminium oxide mineral specimen in shades of brown, orange and greyburke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen, laterite, laterite specimen, geology

Historically this item was used before the spirit and the electrical iron took over Circa 1930s -1950s. The main body of the iron was placed on a flat heated surface of a stove (wood, coal or gas fired). It was mainly used by women in their domestic role, ironing the family clothes and linen. In the Kiewa Valley the supply of coal or gas was not available or too expensive than the locally cut hard wood trees. This particular iron was an improvement on the fixed handled iron because it allowed (by use of its easily detachable handle) to use multiple bases and thereby allowing a constant heat supply to be maintained and not having to waste time for a base to reheat to the required level of application.The significance of this item was that it allowed for a faster method of ironing clothes and linen. It's invention was a progress towards reducing the time it took to undertake a very labour and intensive domestic function. The reduction of time taken for this household duty provided women great flexibility to undertake other activities. These type of improvements to basic domestic tasks liberated housewives not only physically but also mentally from the isolation of the home environment.This flat iron has a removable, clip-on handle. The handle and its release knob are of wood. The base of the handle together with the heavy flat body are made of cast iron. The body of the iron is oval shaped tapered at each end and is 40mm thick.Underneath the handle frame and on the main body, on one side, in raised lettering is "Mrs Potts" and on the other side "Iron". Both are clearly visible when viewed from an aerial position. Under removable handle and on a plate (screwed onto the main body) is "No 2"iron, antique, household, pressing clothes, domestic, laundry

Nylon is a thermoplastic, silky material, first used commercially in a nylon-bristled toothbrush (1938), followed more famously by women's stockings ("nylons"; 1940) after being introduced as a fabric at the 1939 New York World's Fair. Nylon was intended to be a synthetic replacement for silk and substituted for it in many different products after silk became scarce during World War II. It replaced silk in military applications such as parachutes and flak vests, and was used in many types of vehicle tyres. Nylon is clear and colourless, or milky, but is easily dyed. Multi-stranded nylon cord and rope is slippery and tends to unravel. The ends can be melted and fused with a heat source such as a flame or electrode to prevent this.A wooden reel of ' BLONDAL' Nylon sewing thread 100ydsBLONDAL 100ydsmoorabbin, brighton, early settlers, pioneers, cheltenham, dressmaking, craftwork, nylon thread, blondal pty ltd

The 8th Light Horse was raised at Broadmeadows Victoria in September 1914 and sailed for overseas in December 1914 so this trial must have taken place during that period. The Wiles mobile cooker was developed by a Ballarat engineer, James Fletcher Wiles, on the advice of Sir Stanton Hicks, first Director of Catering for the Australian Army. The horse drawn cooker was operated by steam, raised by burning oil, to cook food and heat a baking oven. About 300 units were produced during WW1 (1914-18) and were in service in Egypt, France, and Australia. They could be operational in 20 minutes, and cooking could take place while being towed up to 50 kph..The first trial of this major innovation in military cooking together with this fine study of a light horse regiment on the march makes this object a significant one to the Australian Army and Victoria.Large framed photograph of a regiment of mounted horsemen on the march. Frame is of stained molded wood with glass front. Name panel at lower centre."The famous 8th Light Horse / returning from Greensborough Camp / After the first trial of the Wiles Cooker / Victoria 1914-1918"wiles cooker, greensborough, world war one, wwi, light horse

This image is one of a series of photographs taken by Melbourne based photographers Stevenson and McNicoll who visited Bacchus Marsh and its nearby districts between September and November 1883. In 1850 a new Woolpack Inn was built for Mr. J.E. Crook, replacing the original slab building of 1845. Stables for twenty horses was also built in 1850, and in 1851, Crook established a coach service to the goldfields. After 1862, Crook pursued an interest in horse breeding, using the stables to accommodate his horses. The most notable of his horses was Saladin, which won the Australian Cup in 1872 after two dead heats with The Flying Dutchman. James Elijah Crook died in 1889.Small sepia 'carte de viste' style unframed photograph on card with gold border framing photograph. Housed in the Jeremeas Family Album which contains photographs of Bacchus Marsh and District in 1883 by the photographers Stevenson and McNicoll. The photo shows a group of men and horses from The Woolpack Inn stables, seven horses and six riders, one horse being held on a short rein by a rider on a white horse. Most of the horses are heavily clothed in winter rugs while the riders are clothed in sports jackets and hats. The scene is a winter one.Printed On the front: Stevenson & McNicoll. Photo. 108 Elizabeth St. Melbourne. COPIES CAN BE OBTAINED AT ANY TIME. On the back: LIGHT & TRUTH inscribed on a banner surmounted by a representation of the rising sun. Copies of this Portrait can be had at any time by sending the Name and Post Office Money Order or Stamps for the amount of order to STEVENSON & McNICOLL LATE BENSON & STEVENSON, Photographers. 108 Elizabeth Street, MELBOURNE. stevenson and mcnicoll 1883 photographs of bacchus marsh and district

A shaving scuttle and shaving mug were developed around the 19th century with the first patent for a shaving mug dating to 1867.[8] As hot water was not common in many households, one way to provide hot lather was to use a scuttle or mug. A traditional scuttle resembles a teapot with a wide spout where hot water is poured in, and this is where it differs from a shaving mug, which has no spout. Both shaving scuttles and mugs usually have a handle, but some have none. Shaving mugs often look like a standard mug, however, some also have a built in brush rest, so the brush does not sit in lather. Modern versions of the scuttle are in limited production, usually by independent potters working in small volumes.[9] At the top of the scuttle or mug is a soap holder. Traditionally, it was used with a hard block of shaving soap (rather than soft soap or cream) and therefore had drain holes at the bottom. Later scuttles and mugs do not include the holes, and thus can be used with creams and soft soaps. Some scuttles and mugs have concentric circles on the bottom, which retain some water thus helping to build lather.[9] In use, the shaving brush is dunked into the wide spout, allowing it to soak into the water and heat up. The soap is placed in the soap holder. When needed, one can take the brush and brush it against the soap, bringing up a layer of lather; excess water is drained back. This allows conservation of water and soap, whilst retaining enough heat to ensure a long shave. Source: www.wikipedia.org Local social historyOrnate white china mug with handle. Cup side to hold brush and saucer shaped top with 3 drainage holes. Gold painted decoration and flower garland of pink and yellow roses. Mother of pearl effect over sides.Made in Germanyshaving, item, china, mug, bathroom, men, personal, toiletry

The vessels boiling electrical was used by soldiers of 8/13 Victorian Mounted Rifles when it was equipped with Centurion tanks 1966-71. A boiling vessel fitted to British armoured fighting vehicles that permit the crew to heat water and cook food by drawing power from the vehicle electrical supply. It is often referred to by crewmembers (not entirely in jest) as the most important piece of equipment in a British armoured vehicle. The "Vessel Boiling Electric" or "BV" was an innovation at the very end of World War II, when the Centurion tank was introduced with the device fitted inside the turret. Previously, British tank crews had disembarked when they wanted to "brew-up" (make tea), using a petrol cooker improvised from empty fuel cans[4] called a "Tommy cooker". Use of the BV enabled the crew to stay safely inside the tank and reduced the time taken for breaks. The first version, known as VBE No 1, began to be replaced in the early 1950s by the stainless steel No 2 version. A VBE No 3 had improved electrical sockets and was less prone to leakage. The principal use of the BV is to heat ration pouches or tins; the hot water is then used for making drinks or washing. The BV is cuboid and accommodates four tins; typically matching the crew numbers of an armoured fighting vehicle. Ration tins are supplied without adhesive labels so the surrounding water is not contaminated. A vehicle with a defective BV is declared unfit for purpose. It is common practice for a junior member of a vehicle crew to be unofficially appointed "BV Commander", responsible for making hot drinks for the other soldiers. Example of article which improved efficiency and well-being of tank soldiers.Cilinderical metal vessel with close fitting lid, folding handle and electrical socket on side.military, tank, centurion, meals, boiling

The invention of the Coolgardie Safe is credited to Arthur Patrick McCormick, a contractor in Coolgardie, and later the Mayor of Narrogin. Coolgardie is in the Eastern Goldfields region of Western Australia. Gold was first discovered there in 1892; the townsite became a municipality in 1894, and by 1898 its population of 15,000 made it the third largest town in Western Australia after Perth and Fremantle. In the last decade of the 19th century, Coolgardie was the capital of the West Australian goldfields. Being 180 kilometres from the nearest civilisation, food supplies were initially scarce and expensive. As fresh food was a valuable commodity there was incentive to preserve it, and keep it out of reach of scavengers such as birds, dingos, dogs, ants, and flies. It was in an effort to do this, in the extreme heat of the Australian Interior, that McCormick came up with his design for the Coolgardie Safe. McCormick noticed that a wet bag placed over a bottle cooled its contents. He further noted that if this bottle was placed in a breeze, the bag would dry out more quickly, but the bottle would get colder. What McCormick had discovered was the principle of evaporation: ‘to change any liquid into a gaseous state requires energy. This energy is taken in the form of heat from its surroundings.’ Employing this principle, McCormick made a box for his provisions which he covered with a wet hessian bag. He then placed a tray on top, into which he poured water twice daily. He hung strips of flannel from the tray so that water would drip down onto the hessian bag, keeping it damp. As the water evaporated, the heat dissipated, keeping the food stored inside cool and fresh. The success of McCormick’s invention would not have worked without a steady supply of water. Fresh water was scarce in the eastern goldfields at this time but the demand for water from a steadily growing population encouraged innovation. The solution was to condense salt water. Heating salt water in tanks produced steam that was condensed in tall cylinders, cooled and then collected in catchment trays. By 1898 there were six companies supplying condensed water to the goldfields, the largest company producing 100,000 gallons of water a day. In the early 20th century, Coolgardie Safes were also manufactured commercially. These safes incorporated shelving and a door, had metal or wooden frames and hessian bodies. The feet of the safe were usually placed in a tray of water to keep ants away. (MAV website) The early settlers of Moorabbin Shire depended on this type of Food Safe to protect their food from flies and vermin as they established market gardens in the fertile area around the notorious Elster Creek A metal framed, 4 sided structure standing on 4 legs with 2 hinged doors on one side, a metal tray at base of food safe and a metal cover over top. Ridges on which to rest trays carrying food are inside safe. The Safe is enclosed by fly-wire mesh.'...IN.....GEELONG' A manufacturer's oval metal plate is embossed on one side of Safe but it is illegible.elster creek, moorabbin, brighton, dendy's special survey 1841, market gardens, infant mortality, disease, cemeteries, fruit, vegetables, pioneers, coolgardie safe, mccormick arthur patrick, dendy henry, vaccination, jones martha, jones ethel may

The first sculpture awarded the Shire of Eltham 'Art in Public Places' Award/Commission. The Judges were Inge King, Jenny Zimmer and Daryl Jackson. The work deals with the juxtaposition of suburban and rural surroundings. This scupture is a typical example of the artist's oevre of the period. This sculptre is site specific and refers to the nature of the environment. The colour - bushfire red / sienna - alludes to the history of fire in the urban/rural fringe and the title, as well as the sculpture's shapes, forms and material refer to the natural and local elements. Judges report noted: "The most vital and expressive work for the site...with a great sense of dynamic movement and vibrant colour. Its' abstract forms will enliven the surroundings and the urban and natural environment. This work is the most appropriate for the site and expressive of the dynamics of an evolving community in which artistic discourse and debate has always thrived." The work has acquired the status of a major landmark from the National Trust. The Breeze is an abstract work made out of welded steel and painted in enamel in bush fire red / sienna. It comprises a series of flat, cut-out shapes, interlocking at different angles, giving the impression of being hinged together rather than fixed. The work references nature and the built environment. Its geometric shapes suggest man-made structures within industry and suburban life, while rural areas can be identified by the organic flame-like shapes fanned by the wind. The circular cut-out in the eye mimics the sun, symbolising the intense heat of the Australian climate, while the colour red alludes to the history of bushfire within the urban and rural fringe. N/Apublic art, ginger, red, sienna, elements, steel, abstract, breeze, fire, sculpture

Yields information about the rosters or the work patterns of the crews in operating the Ballarat tramway towards the time of closure. Has a strong association with the crews themselves as they had to know these on the job.Set of 10 sheets on heat sensitive paper of the roster or timetables of the various tram runs for crews detailing the time they sign on, what services they operate, times, meals, who relieves or takes them, and times finishing, total times and any notes eg change of tram type. Hand written on foolscap size graph paper, with additional notes in ink on each run as needed. Would have allowed the crews to copy into their own note books. Weekdays - 3, 6, 7, 8, 10 - 20, 22 - 30, 34 - 38. 2nd copy added 3/1/2020 See Reg Item 5415 for Saturdays and 5416 for Sundays.trams, tramways, rosters, timetables, crews, shifts, ballarat

Yields information about the rosters or the work patterns of the crews in operating the Ballarat tramway towards the time of closure. Has a strong association with the crews themselves as they had to know these on the job.Set of 8 sheets on heat sensitive paper of the roster or timetables of the various tram runs for crews detailing the time they sign on, what services they operate, times, meals, who relieves or takes them, and times finishing, total times and any notes eg change of tram type. Hand written on foolscap size graph paper, with additional notes in ink on each run as needed. Would have allowed the crews to copy into their own note books. Saturdays - 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13 - 29, 33. 2nd copy added 3/1/2020. See Reg Items 5414 for Weekdays and 5416 for Saturdaystrams, tramways, rosters, timetables, crews, shifts, ballarat

Report - 36 pages plus yellow paper cover, white rear cover and plastic cover, heat strip bound with black plastic strip on left hand side. Titled "Double Deck train - Survey report - an evaluation of customer responses". Report details the attitudinal analysis of customers and analysis of loading and unloading times on the double deck train including comparisons with the existing single deck train. Report notes that for the train loading/unloading times were better than that of a 6 car Comeng train on the Ringwood line. Report prepared by Ann de Paul and David Oliver of the Research Monitoring and Coordination Marketing Division of the PTC June 1992.trams, tramways, railways, double deck trains, ptc, ringwood

A granular metamorphic rock, marble is derived from limestone or dolomite and composed of calcite or dolomite interlocking grains. Heat and pressure from overlying sediments form it from limestone buried deep in Earth's crust. Graphite, pyrite, quartz, mica, and iron oxides can affect rock texture and colour. This specimen was found in Carrara, Italy. Carrara marble is the most common marble found in Italy, and it gets its name from the region where it is located. The marble was also called Luna marble and was used as a decorative element in buildings and sculptures. It has been quarried since Roman times in the Lunigiana, the northernmost tip of Tuscany, just outside the city of Carrara in the province of Massa and Carrara.Marble is one of the most popular and expensive rocks used in sculpture, architecture, interior decorations, statues, table tops, and novelties. It is available in various colors and textures depending on the chemical composition. The strength of the rock and its ability to hold finer details have made it a favorite among designers. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid hand sized Marble (metamorphic rock) predominantly white with specks light grey and ochre geological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, marble, carrara marble, italian marble, marble specimen, tuscany

The 1950's saw a revolution in small appliances for use in the average household. The hand held self heating(kerosene) iron for which this filling can was provided ,was introduced as a time saving and more convenient iron for pressing clothes and other cloth fabrics. It replaced irons needing an external fire source to heat the ironing plate. These irons continued to be in service, even when electricity was available in cities and larger rural towns. This item was used before and during the electricity supplies available from the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme. These irons remained in use within regional rural areas that had limited or unreliable electrical reticulation and the ability to service them from this filling can was an essential part.n the 1950s and later the Kiewa Valley was still a relatively isolated region which was home to rural properties and small settlements. The availability of electricity and or the financial means to afford new types of electric hand irons ensured that older and sometimes less efficient ironing appliances remained for an extended period covering the 1960s to 1970s. Kerosene products, such as the kerosene self heating (KVHS 0347A) iron and this kerosene filling item, was a cheaper method for farm based domestic and other rural activities requiring a heat source. The use of kerosene as a heat/light source was able to be supplied in bulk and able to be used when floods severed vital roads into this region. The supply of electricity was in summer time subject to interruption from bush fire damaged wooden poles carrying the electrical cables. Self sufficiency by rural populations was the backbone of survival and the ability to store energy sources "on the farm" was a prerequisite of isolated regions, such as the Kiewa Valley, circa 1950s.This specially spout fitted can was provided with the Coleman self heating kerosene iron (see KVHS 0347A). On one side of the half enclosed top of the can there is a small spout(for poring the appropriate liquid into the egg shaped fount container) at the rear end of the hand iron. The can is made from tin. See KVHS 0347B- Instruction sheet; KVHS 0347C- Wrench.On one side of the can in black print on yellow background is "FUEL MEASURING CAN" underneath is "For Coleman Instant-Lite Iron" underneath are four numbered paragraphs detailing the use of this can. Below this is the name and places of manufacture. On the other side of the can is printed "BE SURE" with filling and maintenance instructionskerosene can, ironing, domestic appliances, household appliances

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse-drawn_vehicle http://www.coyaltix.com/lamps.htmlThe candle light needed to be protected from the wind. This removeable light or lantern has 4 sides with 2 oblong bevelled glass panals, 3rd panel is plain with a heat vent and the 4th opens to light the lamp and has a 4.5 cm round red glass which would act as a reflector. The candle holder screws out to allow for a narrow candle to be inserted. It has a black ventilated cover on top and has slide fixture to attached the lamp on to the carriage. . Powerhouse Museum Collection Thesaurus Protected lamps or lanterns, fixed or removable, used on coaches or carriages. Commonly made of brass, they often were fitted with reflectors as well as red lenses to serve as tail lights (Art and Architecture Thesaurus).red and clear glass lenses light candle reflector bevelled glass horse buggy tail light

Yields information about the closure of the SEC operated Ballarat system - presented in an unorganised manner and without newspaper dates.Set of 8 foolscap size photocopies on heat sensitive paper of various newspaper cuttings compiled - many duplicated - about the closure of the Ballarat Tram system, mainly from The Courier, Sept to Dec. 1971. Principal headlines are: "Tram Shelter for Christmas Crib", "SEC replies to Lake tram proposal", "A Farewell tram ride", "Keep buses out of Bridge St", "Bus stops blamed for drop in business", "Complaint of parking loss through bus stops", "last journey for 39", "Last tram to start in film about Ballarat" "The end for tram 31?" "Destination Hamilton" - see item 9520 for the original cutting See also Reg item 3165 and 3161 for similar presentations of cuttings. sec, ballarat, disposal, tramcars, btps, shelters, shelters, buses, closure, bridge st, hamilton, shelters

Demonstrates aspects of the Ballarat Tramways management system of Motorman's' rosters interfacing during the last full period of operation of the tramway. Shows the services and how the various run or crew tables were arranged in relation to the overall timetable. Photo copy on heat sensitive paper of a handwritten sheet on graph paper for the arrangement of the Weekdays, Saturday and Sunday Rosters on the various Ballarat routes. Gives the various run numbers, sign on location, trip take times, notes on what to do with trams, sign off times, interface with other runs. Shows the full or basic 20 min service during the day and 30 mins at night. Show how the various run or crew tables were arranged to provide the service overall. Undated, possibly August 1971 when services were revised prior to closure after the closure of the Victoria St line as it is not mentioned. 2nd copy added 3/1/2020trams, tramways, ballarat, rosters, crews, employees, shifts, timetables

The camera belonged to Benjamin Marshman LONG No 97 Australian Remount Unit 1 Sqd 1. He enlisted on 15.9.1915 aged 47 years. Serving overseas he was hospitalised on 26.4.1916 with heat stroke. He was discharged from the AIF on 5.12.1916 as the unit was disbanded. He had 3 sons in the AIF. Horace (Swag) No 437, 9th & 4th L.H. Regt - he was hospitalised 3 times with various illnesses. Benjamin (Marsh) No 439, 4th L.H.Regt - he was hospitalised twice necessitating a return to Australia. Reuben (Rube) No 2192, 4th reinforcements 60th Batt AIF - he was WIA in France twice. Swag and Marsh met up with their Father while overseas. Refer Cat No 16P for his service details .1) Tan leather case. .2) Auto graphic Brownie Camera, black bellow style (uses No. A-120 Film).Handwritten inside case flap: A SQD B M Long ARU" (AUST REMOUNT UNIT) Handwritten on back of case: 97 (Regimental No) equipment, military forces, personal effects, photography, cameras

This Johnson Bros. (USA) Locomotive Type Boiler was from a steam shovel (that moved on rails) that excavated rock and soil during the construction of Stevens Weir near Deniliquin NSW in 1934. It has a working pressure of 100psi. This is an example of a fire tube boiler where the fire from the fire box heats the water surrounding the fire tubes running through the boiler, smoke escapes out the smoke stack and the steam is captured in the dome and sent through pipes toward other engines in the Port of Echuca Steam Display. Two glass gauges are fitted on the side of the firebox. Two safety valves are fitted at the top of the boiler to maintain the correct and safe pressure. It still functions today for visitors most days of the week.A good example of the technology and industrial history of the Riverina region of southern NSW and northern Victoria. It is an integral part of the Port of Echuca Steam Display running secondary engines off the steam produced within this boiler. Large cast iron, fire tube boiler with 124 fire tubes, fire box, steam dome and exhaust chimney. boiler, johnson bros, steam display, kevin hutchinson steam shed

A test tube, also known as a culture tube or sample tube, is a common piece of laboratory glassware consisting of a finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top, usually with a rounded U-shaped bottom. Test tubes are widely used by pharmacists to hold, mix, or heat small quantities of solid or liquid chemicals, especially for qualitative experiments and assays. Their round bottom and straight sides minimize mass loss when pouring, make them easier to clean, and allow convenient monitoring of the contents. The long, narrow neck slows down the spreading of vapours and gases to the environment. Test tubes are usually held in special-purpose racks. Culture tubes for biology are usually made of clear plastic (such as polystyrene or polypropylene) by injection moulding and are often discarded after use.A clear plastic test tubepharmacy, test tubes, plastic, culture test tubes, moorabbin, bentleigh, cheltenham, polypropylene, laboratories

Modern iron cooking ‘ranges’ were being introduced from the late 18th century, however a vast number of people cooked in open fireplaces, well into the 1800s. Generally they were fitted with iron rods suspended above the fire or ‘cranes’ that could be swung in and out for easier and safer access to the pots that hung from them. These cooking systems may seem rudimentary, but a skilled cook knew how to manage pots, pans, cauldrons and pokers and expose them to the right type of heat by positioning them in various parts of the fireplace. They were also very versatile, enabling multiple cooking techniques – boiling, stewing, frying, roasting, toasting – all at the same time, using different types of vessels and utensils. https://blogs.sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/cook/hearth-fire-cookery/This type of item was used extensively over the centuries over open fires. It is still used in camping.Metal cooking pot with handle designed to hang the pot over an open fire.None.flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, kitchenware, cooking, open hearth cookery

A blowtorch is a fuel-burning tool used for applying flame and heat to various applications, usually metalworking. Early blowlamps used liquid fuel, carried in a refillable reservoir attached to the lamp. Modern blowtorches are mostly gas-fuelled. Their fuel reservoir is disposable or refillable by exchange. The term "blowlamp" usually refers to liquid-fuelled torches still used in the UK. Liquid-fuelled torches are pressurized by a piston hand pump, while gas torches are self-pressurized by the fuel evaporation. In 1882, a new vaporizing technique was developed by C. R. Nyberg in Sweden, and the year after, the production of the Nyberg blow lamp started. It was quickly copied or licensed by many other manufacturers. The US blowlamp was independently developed with a distinctive flared base and was fuelled by gasoline, whereas the European versions used kerosene for safety and low cost.The family of Mr Howcroft were early settlers in Moorabbin ShireA brass blow-torch B.A. HJOP Co. STOCKHOLM SWEDENblowtorch, stockholm sweden, welding, moorabbin, cheltenham, bentleigh, early settlers

This mess tin belonged to MELIA JAMES HENRY : Service Number - VX18960 : Date of birth - 08 Oct 1900 : Place of birth - WARRINGTON ENGLAND : Place of enlistment - CAULFIELD VIC : Next of Kin - CHURTON MARGARET The mess tin was manufactured by Sellman & Hill (S&H) Ltd from Wolverhampton. British aluminum mess tins were used by most of the Empire early in the war. A new pattern of mess tin was developed for the Web Equipment 1937 Pattern, which was a nested, two-piece rectangular mess tin with long, folding handles. Mess tins were used to prepare or heat food but they were also used as a container from which to eat and drink. The tins were lightweight and sturdy but they became hot very quickly when heated. Mess kit consisting of two pieces: One rectangular aluminium mess tin from WWII with multiple hand-carved inscriptions on outside indicating owner and locations he was stationed in 1940 and 1941. Welded handle attachment, although handle itself is missing. There is also a small, flat bottomed aluminium cup.Multiple hand-carved inscriptions on three external sides of the mess tin: Side one: "1940 Palestine / Egypt / VX18960 / Dvr Melia. J / AASC / 1941 Libya" Side two: " BARDIA / GREECE / TOBRUK" Side three: " Gaza / Beit Jerga / Kfar Vitkin / jaff / TEL-AVIV / Jerusalem / Nazareth / Haifa" Manufacturer's hallmark stamped on side four: "S.&H. LTD / 1938" and below that a stamp of an arrow pointing upmess tin, aluminium mess tin, wwii, wwii mess tin, sellman & hill, british mess tin

Has a strong association with the person who created the document and his viewpointsPamphlet - photocopied onto fragile heat sensitive paper - now brown - foolscap sheet, titled "Ballarat and Bendigo Tramways Must Go" Issued by R J Nowell of 15 Selwyn St Elsternwick in the interest of better public transport. Seeks better transport in both cities, gives his reasons for such a move, the loss incurred by the SEC. Even suggests horse trams would be cheaper to operate. Undated - has a hand written note regarding it being received at a SEC office on Monday 4/9. Monday 4/9 occurred during 1961 and 1967. Note the Melbourne Tram Museum has a Melbourne tram map prepared by the same person at Selwyn St Elsternwick - see their Reg Item 1381. trams, tramways, closure, pamphlets, ballarat, bendigo, costs, safety

Cast iron stoves burn solid fuel such as wood or coal, and are used for cooking and warmth. The stoves have a firebox with a grate where the fuel is burned. The hot air flows through flues and baffles that heat the stove top and the oven. Before cast iron stoves were invented, cooking and heating were carried out in outdoor open fires, and later, in fireplaces inside the home. In 1642 the first cast iron stove was manufactured in Lynn, Massachusetts, where molten cast iron was poured into a sand mould to make rectangular plates that were then joined together to make a box. Benjamin Franklin invented the more efficient Pennsylvania stove in 1744, and this efficient design is still used today. After the mid-19th century cast iron stoves were produced with burners in different positions, giving varied temperatures, so a wide variety of foods could be cooked at the same time at the most suitable heat, from slow cooking to baking scones. In contemporary times people the new wood-burning stoves had to meet the anti-pollution standards now in place to protect our environment. By the 1920s gas cookers were being introduced for domestic use, and by the 1930s electric home cookers were being offered to householders. PLANET STOVES In August 1925 the firm Cox and Rizzetti, Stove Works, and also Sydney Road, South Melbourne, advertised in the Brunswick and Coburg Leader of November 11, 1925 as "formerly with Harnwell and Sons" and as "specialists in solid cast iron Planet stoves ... which merit an inspection from builders and householders". The firm continued in business and was mentioned as sponsors in the King Island News in 1971. Harnwell and Sons was listed in the Victorian Government Gazette of 1894. It is curious that the firm was mentioned in an article in the Sunrasia Daily of June 14, 1934 titled 'Planet Stoves' as a manufacturer of Planet Stoves. This Planet No 3 stove is an uncommon example of cooking equipment used in kitchens in the early 20th century, as the firebox is above the oven rather than beside it. The cast iron combustion stove is significant as part of the evolution of domestic cooking. Previously cooking was mostly carried out in outdoors in open fires, and later in fireplaces indoors. Cast iron stoves are still used today and have additional features such as thermostats to monitor and maintain temperature, water heating pipes connected, and environmentally approved anti-pollution fittings. Stove; a compact, blackened cast iron combustion cooker, installed within a fireplace and enclosed by bricks on both sides. The upright rectangular stove has a flat top with three round, removable cook plates and a flue connected at the back. The front has three doors with round knob handles; a swing-down firebox door above a sliding ashtray, and two side-hinged oven doors above a sliding opening. Inside on the side walls are two pairs of runners. Behind the pair of doors is an oven with two pairs of rails and two removable metal shelves. The stove has cast inscriptions on the chimney flue and on the front of the right hand side stove door. The model of the stove is The Planet No 3, made in Melbourne.Chimney flue, "[within rectangle] THE / PLANET" Stove door, "(within oval) PLANET / No 3"flagstaff hill, flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, maritime museum, maritime village, great ocean road, shipwreck coast, stove, cast iron stove, combustion stove, wood-burning stove, wood stove, wood oven, solid fuel stove, cooker, the planet, planet, planet no. 3, kitchen equipment, baking, domestic cooking, cooking equipment, food preparation, planet stove, planet cooker, cooking range, slow combustion stove, antique, range cooker, cox and rizzetti, harnwell and sons, melbourne manufacturer

Arthur E. Woodley donated the WW1 Military Carbide Signal and General Purpose Lamp to Frankston RSL. It was given to Arthur E. Woodley of Crib Point during the 1960s by Captain Ivan E. Layton MBE who was then the Executive Officer of Melbourne Legacy. During WW2 Ivan Layton was secretary to General Blamey. Ivan Layton died on 15th September, 1979. The carbide workings of the lamp were removed because of corrosion, otherwise it is almost complete.WW1 Military Carbide Signal and General Purpose Lamp which is round and made of brass. The lamp has a latched and hinged brass top. Brass and wood hinged handle with knurled access knob which is situated at the top of the lamp. In between the handle uprights is a round chimney flu which allows heat to escape. Approximately one third down from the top of the lamp there is a brass side handle. Immediately to the left of the handle is a rectangular curved view port with brass cover. Directly opposite the side handle is a convex glass window. Air vents are located at the bottom of the lamp. Inside the top half of the lamp is a chamber which contains the carbide lamp and perpendicular sleeves for the insertion of coloured glass panels. The bottom half of the lamp contains the carbide.Manufacturers Stamp, 'PLAYER & MITCHELL LTD', 'SENTINEL WORKS' 'BIRMINGHAM'ww1, military, brass, lamp, world war 1, round, great war, carbide, signal lamp, player mitchell, birmingham

The period when kerosene was extensively used for indoor lighting was before electrical reticulation was installed in rural areas. In remote areas this was up to the mid 1900's. The kerosene lantern however was still in use, for camping and outdoor activities, well beyond this period and was eventually replaced by LPG and battery powered lighting. The transition phase to "modern" outdoor and domestic lighting lingered on the rural areas where the electrical reticulation suffered from reliable constant supply.In the Kiewa Valley, being a rural region, had reliable electrical domestic and farm supply only after the Kiewa Hydro Electricity Scheme had been fully operational. The supply was relative to how close the homestead was to the major electricity substation. This kerosene lamp was in use during the period when it was the only reliable source of domestic night time lighting. The strength of refractive light produced by this lantern/lamp hinged upon the size of the lamp(wick and glass bowl). The small size of this lamp suggests that it was for use in a small room(children's bedroom) or as providing a light for a safe walk to the outside ablutions (toilet) area. This small kerosene lamp has an enclosed "cup" body which would have contained the kerosene fuel. The top wick holder, made from brass, has an extended enclosed spout which raises the wick approximately 20mm from the bottom of the holder. The wick holder screws into the the top of the kerosene reservoir bowl and has a wick adjustment screw (light control) at one side. The small white glass light reflector bulb nestles securely onto the wick holder and is kept snug by snap designed extending "fingers". The section between the bottom of the refractive glass "light" bowl and the top of the kerosene bowl has perforations to allow air passage to feed directly to the wick.The light refracting bulb is open at the top to allow heat and smoke from the burning wick to escape upwards.On the wick control screw "CWB BRITISH MADE"kerosene reading lamp, domestic lighting, bedside light

Set of 6 sheets, photocopied on heat sensitive paper, foolscap size graph paper sheets giving the weekday tables or runs for the SEC Ballarat trams on the Sebastopol - Lydiard St. Nth service following the closure of the Victoria St. - Gardens via Drummond St Nth and Mt Pleasant - Gardens via Sturt St. West services. Gives details of 18 tables or runs, numbered from 12 Run to 38 Run. Each sheet headed "Weekdays". Each run details where the driver/conductor would sign on, time, the trips, meal breaks, finish time and the total time of the shift. Stored with these sheets are a photocopies of each sheet reduced to A4 size and full size copies made on A3 paper, trimmed to size.trams, tramways, timetables, sec, ballarat, crews