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City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Newsletter, City of Moorabbin Historical Society No. 6 Vol. 12 September 1973, City of Moorabbin Historical Society Newsletter No. 6 Vol. 12 September 1973, 1973
Topics; Cheltenham Post Office; Mathew Flinders bi-centenary; Youth Expo 1973 The Aims of the CMHS are ‘to record the history of the City, and register something of the Australian Atmosphere, which the necessary speed-up in post-world-war two (WW11) immigration has caused to be lost; to produce a magazine at regular intervals, featuring the work of pioneers and the changing Australian scene; to work constantly with a long range view towards building a hall where records and exhibits can be housed’ (1961) The Original Newsletters reflect the history and heritage of the former City of Moorabbin — derived from Mooroobin, ‘a resting place’ in the Bunurrung spoken language. In 1994, the City of Moorabbin was integrated into the Cities of Bayside, Glen Eira, Kingston and Monash. This is Newsletter No. 6 Vol. 12 of the CMHS September 1973 CMHS obtained a Kingston City Council Community Grant 2016 for the digitization and preservation of these Original CMHS Newsletters commenced in 1961 2 pages x L 26cm x W 21cm printed one side CITY OF MOORABBIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY / President / Mrs C Whitehead Secretary Mrs P. Brodie / NEWSLETTER / Vol 12 No 6 September 1973city of moorabbin historical society 1961, sheehy t.a., newsletters, flinders matthew, post office, cheltenham -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Manufactured Object, Mulga wood bowl, c1950
Mulga, is an Acacia shrub or small tree native to arid outback areas of Australia. It is light, easy to carve and has strength and durability It is commonly used for turned objects or small decorative items. The wood is dark brown with yellow bands and polishes well. Traditional uses included spears, clubs and boomerangs. George Reed was a draftsman who lived in Bentleigh , City of Moorabbin in mid 20th CGeorge Reed was a draftsman who lived in Bentleigh , City of Moorabbin in mid 20th C and used this Mulga wood bowl in his officeA souvenir Mulga wood bowl with metal aeroplane on the lidearly settlers, market gardeners, wood carvers, souvenirs, mulga wood, acacia trees, boomerangs, vases, post world war 2 estates, bentleigh, mckinnon, highett, cheltenham,south australia, victoria,reed george, reed gladys, clark judy, -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Office Equipment , box 'Ezard & Clark', Unrecorded Printer, c1950
George Reed was a draftsman who lived in Bentleigh , City of Moorabbin in mid 20th C and his daughter Judy married Mr Clark c1950 After World War 2 the population in The City of Moorabbin increased rapidly and diverse businesses developed to serve the new settlers.An empty blue coloured cardboard box engraved ' Ezard & Clark JewellersTop ; EZARD & CLARK PTY.LTD. /MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS / MOORABBIN, VICjewellers, ezard & clark company moorabbin, early settlers, moorabbin shire, mechanics institute cheltenham, ormond choral society, postworld war 11 settlers,housing estates moorabbin 1950, bentleigh, ormond, moorabbin, cheltenham, drama societies, musical society cheltenham, clark judy, reed gladys, reed george, draftsman, architect, -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Office Equipment, rubber stamps, c1950
These stamps were used by George Reed who was a draftsman who lived in Bentleigh , City of Moorabbin in mid 20th CThroughout the 20thC most offices used this type of rubber stamp , usually made by a printer, to save writing the name, company, address, phone number, etc on invoices, receipts, letters, quotes etc 2x stamps with wooden and plastic handles and rubber impression platesG. Reed Bentleighoffice equipment, stamps, ink pads, early settlers, moorabbin shire, mechanics institute cheltenham, postworld war 11 settlers, housing estates moorabbin 1950, bentleigh, ormond, moorabbin, cheltenham, clark judy, reed gladys, reed george -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Photograph - Photograph, 1906 The Moorabbin Co-Operative Stores, 1906 The Moorabbin Co-Operative Stores, 1906
1906: The Moorabbin Co-Operative Stores. Located on the Nepean Road, Cheltenham, (before 1st WW). . There are four men outside the Store and a 3 horse carriage. Two of the men are sitting on their carriages, one to the left and the other on the right of the photograph. The third horse and carriage is right beside the left of the store, carrying eight large sacks. Towards the side of the Moorabbin Stores there is a building located to right which is called The Exchange Hotel.1906: The Moorabbin Co-Operative Stores. Located on the Nepean Road, Cheltenham, (before 1st WW). The Leader Newspaper office occupied the site. The Exchange Hotel is to the right.Photograph is black and white. 1906: The Moorabbin Co-Operative Stores. Located on the Nepean Road, Cheltenham, (before 1st WW). The Leader Newspaper office occupied the site. The Exchange Hotel is to the right.Stamped on back :City of Moorabbin Historical Society Written on Front of mount : 1906moorabbin, stores, horses, men, ww1, world war 1, tobacco, nepean road, co-operative, cheltenham -
City of Moorabbin Historical Society (Operating the Box Cottage Museum)
Telegram Envelope, Stamped - Bentleigh S. E. VIC. 28 May 1946, 1946
... details during World War 2. post office bentleigh telegram ...The telegraphs were originally a separate department in NSW and became part of the post office in 1893. After federation the use of telegrams increased until it peaked in the 1940s. The last telegram was transmitted in Australia in 1983. Social telegrams were encouraged and special pictorial forms and envelopes were designed. A special form and envelope in purple was used when conveying condolence details during World War 2.Brown paper envelope with window to show address TELEGRAMpost office, bentleigh, telegram -
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum and Village
Machine - Voice Recorder, Thomas A. Edison, Edison Laboratory, 1916-1929
This Edison Ediphone voice recording electronic business machine is manufactured to suit a small office and is light enough to carry between work and home for use outside normal business hours. It is a dictation machine, also called by the competitor’s brand name ‘Dictaphone’, and is used for recording spoken words that would later be transcribed and typewritten. A wax cylinder would be installed onto the machine’s drum and the Reproducer on the machine would be lowered onto the cylinder. The user would speak a message into a microphone and the reproducer would then convert the sounds to scribed marks on the cylinder. Later, the cylinder could be played and the Reproducer would enable the sound to be amplified through an attached speaker. This machine is currently without its power cord, microphone and speaker horn. Thomas A. Edison extended the technology of the telegraph to his phonograph machine, invented in the late 19th century. It could record and play back sounds of music and voice on a manually operated mechanical machine that used wax cylinders to store the sound. He envisaged the way this technology could be an asset in the office, and he was right! However, most of his phonograph machines were used for entertainment, some for playing lessons, and some for-teaching languages. In 1916 Edison introduced the Ediphone, which grew in popularity after the First World War and into the late 1920s until flat round records replaced the wax cylinders. This Edison Ediphone is significant for improving the way business administration was carried out in the early 20th century, freeing up precious time for professionals and administrative personnel. It was the forerunner of audio tapes and digital technology. The Ediphone enabled letters to be dictated when the time and place suited and reduced the time professionals needed to spend with their secretaries. Secretaries were able to type the letters as they played the recording and they could replay the message if necessary.Voice recorder; a dictation machine; desktop model Edison Ediphone. The electronic machine is in a medal case with remnants of the original grey colour. It has a rectangular base with an A4-sized footprint and a domed hood that retracts halfway into the back of the base. The corners of the base have metal reinforcing, and a short metal bar is on the front centre edge of the lid and the base. A long metal drum is mounted inside the machine. A round device called a ‘reproducer’ is mounted above the drum. There is a folding handle on the left front of the machine and an angled stand with paper guides in front of the drum. A rear cover has the maker’s name stamped on it. An electrical socket with eight pins is recessed beside the cover. Made by Edison.In white letters; “EDISON”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, maritime village, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, great ocean road, edison, ediphone, dictating machine, office equipment, voice recorder, usa, dictation, communication, office machine, dictaphone, speaking phonograph, thomas edison, ediphone voicewriter, voice writer -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Magazine - HERITAGE AUSTRALIA
A magazine titled ' Heritage Australia.' Volume 5. Number 2. Winter 1986. Publication of Heritage Australia. ACNT 1986. Restoration of the Bendigo Post Office.australia, history, heritage places, heritage, australia, bendigo, bendigo history, restoration, bendigo post office, australian history, hotels, trade unions, gallipoli, war, place, magazine, magazines -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - VICTORIAN CENTENARY ILLUMINATIONS 1934
Photo album, brown hard cover, writing in gold leaf ' Victorian Centenary Illuminations 1934' Contains black and white images of Melbourne, taken at night. Includes, south bank of Yarra, Princes Bridge, Collins Street, Flinders Street, Elizabeth Street, Shrine of Remembrance, St. Kilda, Swanston Street, Hawthorn War Memorial, State Electricity Commission Head Office, Electricity supply Building, Electricity Commission and Port Authority buildings, South Melbourne Town hall, Hotel Windsor, Parliament House, Town hall, Fire Brigade building, State Savings Bank, National Bank, Melbourne town hall, Bank of Australia, Port Authority Building, Steam Tower. All the photographs in this album pertain to the City of Melbourne, and have NOT been scanned.cottage, miners, melbourne, melbourne, centenary -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - STAMP BULLETIN ANZAC CENTENARY
... EVENT War post office stamp booklet Anzac World War 1 Brochure ...Brochure from Australia Post showcasing stamps relating to the Anzac Centenary 1914 - 1918. gold artwork, two soldiers in uniform standing in front of trench. Issue No 333/March-April 2015event, war, post office stamp booklet, anzac, world war 1 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - ANZAC - INVITATION TO 'BENDIGO ENLISTS' EXHIBITION AT POST OFFICE GALLERY, PALL MALL, BENDIGO
Invitation to the Anzac exhibition held at Post Office Gallery 11 December 2014 - 21 June 2015, 'Bendigo Enlists' the First World War 1914 - 18. Large Rising Sun badge depicted on front. Sponsors' logos on back ' City of Greater Bendigo' , ' Arts Victoria', ' Bendigo Art Gallery'.bendigo, history, world war 1, bendigo, anzac, first world war, invitation -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - BOOKLET: ACCENT ON AXEDALE
Booklet: ''Accent on Axedale'', published by the Centenary and Back to Axedale Committee 1970. 36 pages with photographs. Chapters on: Early Settlement; Churches; Education; Police; Municipal Affairs; Commerce; Cemeteries; Race Course Reserve; The Railway (O'Keefe); Eppalock Weir; The Hall; The Wars; C.W.A; Camp Sites; C.F.A; Axedale Progress Association; Sport;Alfred Ruskin Publications. Freelance Press, 61-63 City South Melbourne. 3205axedale, history, early settlement, axedale sporting club, indoor bowls, axedale progress association, c.w.a., country fire association.eppalock weir, the railway, race course reserve, cemeteries, axedale farmers club, the pitcher dressers poem by w. g. o'neill, bluestone quarries, threshing teams, hotels, general store and post office. education, churches, early settlement. -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - POST OFFICE AND LAW COURTS, c1906
Black and white photocopy. Public buildings Pall Mall, Post Office, Law Courts looking NNE. Original taken c1906 by WH Robinson, Tran in foreground. Two horse drawn carriages. Four pedestrians on footpath. South African War Memorial on left hand foreground. Photograph most likely taken on a Sunday afternoon, because of the lack of traffic. Inscriptions: Post Office and public buildings, Bendigo (printed) History of photograph. First appears? In a 1906 publication by Bolton Bros.WH Robinsonbuildings, government, bendigo post office -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - WAR MEMORIAL HALL , PALL MALL, BENDIGO
Postcard, color. Image shows War Memorial Hall ( RSL Hall/Museum) in Pall Mall. Palm tree on LH front side of image and statue of George Lansell on RH side. Iron fence in front. On back ' Memorial Hall, Bendigo, Victoria. A view of Memorial Hall with the Post Office in the background' ' Plastichrome, Murfett Publishers, Australia.Murfett Publishers Australia, Plastichromebendigo, buildings, war memorial hall, pall mall, bendigo, war memorial, pall mall, rsl -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - PALL MALL, BENDIGO
... BENDIGO Streetscape pall mall Bendigo Post Office War Memorial ...Postcard, color. View looking north towards Post Office along west side of street. War Memorial on LH side, garden in front, iron fencing along footpath. On back of card: Bendigo, Victoria, Looking to the Post Office, Pall Mall, from Charing Cross.'Nu Color Vuebendigo, streetscape, pall mall, bendigo, post office, war memorial, pall mall -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Photograph - ALEXANDRA FOUNTAIN, 1960's
Hand tinted photo: view of Alexandra Fountain and cenotaph looking north on Pall Mall. Photo includes War Memorial on left hand side, Beehive Building on RH side, Post Office clock is visible above trees on LH side. Tram proceeding southward along Pall Mall.F.T. Kennedyplace, streetscape, alexandra fountain -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Book - POST OFFICE GALLERY - BENDIGO ENLISTS - THE FIRST WORLD WAR 1914-18, 2014
28 page soft cover booklet. Post Office Gallery Exhibition 'Bendigo Enlists: the First World War 1914-18. Illustrated with B&W and colour photos including some Bendigonians who enlisted. Exhibition dates Dec 2014 to June 2015. Published 2014 by the Bendigo Art GalleryRoss McMullin -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - SWEENEY COLLECTION: SOUVENIR BOOKLET YMCA SERIES THE CAMP, WW1 Era
Six page booklet, green cover with red highlights, 'Souvenir of The Camp.' (YMCA Series) Contains photos which show different aspects of a large camp: Post and telegraph office, Entertainment at 'The Palace', General office, officers' mess, camp hospital, tennis ground, and the Salisbury cathedral. 3480.17a Front Cover 3480.17b Last Photo inside back cover Inside the back cover - 'Wishing Pa, Merry Christmas and Happy New Year 1918-19.' (The signature is indistinct)military, world war 1 -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Document - COHN BROTHERS COLLECTION: MANILLA ENVELOPE
[a] Manilla envelope captioned '1942 Correspondence and Returns etc with, Control of Liquors', Defence Food Stuffs, Department of Supply and Development , Citrus Juices & Cordials, Import Procurement, War Damage Insurance. [b] Documents enclosed pertaining to above. Included are 1942 Tender documents s for the supply of fruit juices , also a document and letter from Customs and Excise Office relating to Supplies of Liquor to RAAF and Army Messes .There are various documents relating to the requirements of war - time production and rationing .bendigo, industry, cohn bros brewery -
Bendigo Historical Society Inc.
Postcard - POST OFFICE, BENDIGO
... Office Pall Mall RSL War Memorial black and white image: Post ...black and white image: Post Office, Bendigo. Image taken from verandah of RSL War Memorial, Pall Mall, looking through archway. Statue of George Lansell in centre of image.bendigo, buildings, post office and survey office, bendigo, post office, pall mall, rsl war memorial -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Financial record - Wages Book, City of Port Melbourne, 1940s
.01 - City of Port Melbourne - salaries and wages, plus details of taxes, superannuation, war history and sick days, 1941 to 1955. Red leather cover. .02 - The State Accident Insurance Office memorandum - injured worker W G Horton, 05.12.1942 .03 - Letter to W W Donnell from R ADams re doctor's visit, 13.01.1947 .04 - Letter from Dr H Grover re W R Adam's health, 13.01.1948local government - city of port melbourne -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Film - Film, DVD, The Pay Office and paymasters from the Vietnam War: Interviews with Australian Army financial advisors
Package contains 9 Film, DVDs of interviews with Lt Col John Spencer; Lt Col Bill Murphy; Maj John McIntyre; Lt Col Frank Phillips; Capt Bob Rabbitt; Capt Terry Munro; Capt R Parker & Lt Col Alan Mahomet. Package also contains 4 disks from Mick Scrase.australia. army. pay masters, australia. army. financial advisors -
Port Melbourne Historical & Preservation Society
Photograph - Troopship, Ceramic (A40), outer west Railway Pier, WWI
COPYRIGHT PUBLIC RECORDS OFFICE B&W photo (copy) showing the vessel the Ceramic (A40) - built 1913/18, 481 Tons gross, is at the outer West of Railway Pier/Station Pier. The troops were part of the second contingent waiting to embark for a departure at 14.30 that day (22nd dec 1914) for Albany in Western Australia where she was joined by other ships from all Aust and N.Z. major ports for a final destination the Middle Eastpiers and wharves - railway pier, piers and wharves - station pier, transport - shipping, war - world war i, ceramic -
National Vietnam Veterans Museum (NVVM)
Certificate - Deferment of National Service
This is the standard document sent to indicate deferment of National Service during the Vietnam War. This item was issued to P Rankovic of Essendon, A cream card from Department Of Labour and National Service - National Service Registration Office Melbourne 3000. Card reads Dear Sir, This is to advise you that you have been granted indefinite deferment of your liability to render national service, and consequently, under present arrangements you will not be called up. Please keep your Certificate of Registration and this notice as evidence of your registration and deferment. Mr P. Rankovic, 16 Market St. Essendon. Vic dated 25/09/69. Registration Number 21285147. The original envelope with O.H.M.S. with Commonwealth Of Australia is on the front. The envelope also has a window.conscription, national service, nasho, rankovic, deferment, vietnam -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, H.M. Stationery Office, Bomber Command : the Air Ministry account of Bomber Command's offensive against the Axis, September, 1939-July, 1941, 1941
An account of Bomber Commands operations in the first years of the warIll, maps, p.120.non-fictionAn account of Bomber Commands operations in the first years of the warworld war 1939-1945 - aerial operations - british, royal air force - bomber command -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Cathryn Corns et al, Blindfold and all alone: British military executions in the great war, 2001
It was one of the most controversial and still haunting aspects of World War One: the execution of 351 British soldiers for cowardice and desertion in the face of the enemy. Using new material that only now has become available from the Public Records Office and other sources, this compelling history sets out the facts of these courts-martial and shootings--and just as important, places them in the context of the military, social, and medical context of the period.Index, notes, appendices, glossary, ill (plates b/w), p.463.non-fictionIt was one of the most controversial and still haunting aspects of World War One: the execution of 351 British soldiers for cowardice and desertion in the face of the enemy. Using new material that only now has become available from the Public Records Office and other sources, this compelling history sets out the facts of these courts-martial and shootings--and just as important, places them in the context of the military, social, and medical context of the period.world war 1914-1918 - history, world war 1914-1918 - military tribunals -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, Indra Publishing, Best we forget, 1998
Donkey Simpson, a typically naive young Australian, thrust into uniform by his country, sets out on the adventure of a lifetime -- or so he thinks. But Vietnam is not what he expected. It's a horror story. It's a story over which he has no control, at first a 'typical Army stuff-up' which wrenches him this way and that, like a puppet soldier on a string, and then something far more dangerous and sinister threatens to destroy him -- but who's pulling the strings? This is the story of Simpson and his mates, caught in a war between powerful ideologies which none of them understood. They walk the fine line of sanity, swinging wildly between love and hate, pathos and humour, patriotism and treason, life and pointless death. Donkey Simpson's story is centred around the Public Relations Office of the Australian contingent, and a spy in the nearby Intelligence Office -- a spy of unclear loyalties, working for the South Vietnamese allies, working for the enemy, or working only for survival? The novel has its ugly aspects -- most soldiers' lack of respect for the Vietnamese, whether ally or enemy, the callous disregard for human life, and the treachery practised on both sides. Collapse summaryp.390.fictionDonkey Simpson, a typically naive young Australian, thrust into uniform by his country, sets out on the adventure of a lifetime -- or so he thinks. But Vietnam is not what he expected. It's a horror story. It's a story over which he has no control, at first a 'typical Army stuff-up' which wrenches him this way and that, like a puppet soldier on a string, and then something far more dangerous and sinister threatens to destroy him -- but who's pulling the strings? This is the story of Simpson and his mates, caught in a war between powerful ideologies which none of them understood. They walk the fine line of sanity, swinging wildly between love and hate, pathos and humour, patriotism and treason, life and pointless death. Donkey Simpson's story is centred around the Public Relations Office of the Australian contingent, and a spy in the nearby Intelligence Office -- a spy of unclear loyalties, working for the South Vietnamese allies, working for the enemy, or working only for survival? The novel has its ugly aspects -- most soldiers' lack of respect for the Vietnamese, whether ally or enemy, the callous disregard for human life, and the treachery practised on both sides. Collapse summary vietnam war 1961-1975 - fiction, vietnam war 1961-1975 – personal recollections – australia -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, St Ermin's, The secret history of PWE : the Political Warfare Executive, 1939-1945, 2002
Of all Britain's secret intelligence organizations, the least known is the Political Warfare Executive, developed to conduct psychological warfare against the Nazis. The PWE's history has now been declassified by the Cabinet Office and released, 50 years after it had been completed and consigned to Whitehall's secret archives. David Garnett's book tells of how such resourceful intellects as Richard Crossman, Sefton Delmer, Leonard Ingrams and Valentine Williams waged a covert campaign against the enemy, using such unorthodox, ingenious methods as black propaganda and "false flag" radio broadcasts. It also reveals the internal conflicts with the BBC, Special Operations Executive and the Secret Intelligence Service. Once completed, PWE's history was considered too explosive to release to the public, and even circulation within Whitehall was strictly limited because of the document's sensitivity. At best a handbook of how to undermine an adversary and at worst a tale of breathtaking incompetence and political infighting, this volume aims to add a missing dimension to recent disclosures of Britain's covert wartime operations. --Publisher. Collapse summaryIndex, bib, ill, p.496.non-fictionOf all Britain's secret intelligence organizations, the least known is the Political Warfare Executive, developed to conduct psychological warfare against the Nazis. The PWE's history has now been declassified by the Cabinet Office and released, 50 years after it had been completed and consigned to Whitehall's secret archives. David Garnett's book tells of how such resourceful intellects as Richard Crossman, Sefton Delmer, Leonard Ingrams and Valentine Williams waged a covert campaign against the enemy, using such unorthodox, ingenious methods as black propaganda and "false flag" radio broadcasts. It also reveals the internal conflicts with the BBC, Special Operations Executive and the Secret Intelligence Service. Once completed, PWE's history was considered too explosive to release to the public, and even circulation within Whitehall was strictly limited because of the document's sensitivity. At best a handbook of how to undermine an adversary and at worst a tale of breathtaking incompetence and political infighting, this volume aims to add a missing dimension to recent disclosures of Britain's covert wartime operations. --Publisher. Collapse summary world war 1939-1945 - propaganda, world war 1939-1945 - secret service -
Monbulk RSL Sub Branch
Book, St Ermin's Press, The secret history of SOE : the Special Operations Executive, 1940-1945, 2000
... -and-the-dandenong-ranges World war 1939-1945 - Espionage World war 1939 ...At the end of World War II, the Cabinet Office commissioned an eminent academic, Professor William Mackenzie, to undertake a comprehensive secret history of Special Operations Executive. Given access to both personnel and surviving wartime files, Mackenzie's report was a reference document to be used by intelligence agenices in a future conflict, its audience the very elite of Whitehall insidersIndex, bib, maps, p.814.non-fictionAt the end of World War II, the Cabinet Office commissioned an eminent academic, Professor William Mackenzie, to undertake a comprehensive secret history of Special Operations Executive. Given access to both personnel and surviving wartime files, Mackenzie's report was a reference document to be used by intelligence agenices in a future conflict, its audience the very elite of Whitehall insidersworld war 1939-1945 - espionage, world war 1939 – 1945 – secret operations – britain -
Victorian Interpretive Projects Inc.
Photograph - digital, E Company Office Cadet Battalion Zeitown Cairo Egypt
... of soldiers during World War One. E Company Office Cadet Battalion ...Black and white photograph showing a number of soldiers during World War One. Verso: I am the 5th from left in 2nd row from front. world war, world war one, cairo, egypt, officer cadet battalion, mmm