A Dray is a type of dead axle wagon that was used to transport heavy loads or objects. They had a flat level floor and while some had no sides, others had box bodies and sides. Tip Drays (also known as Tip Carts, Muck Cart, Scotch Cart, Tumbrel or Putt in different parts of England) were smaller than other drays as their loads were heavy and usually only pulled by one horse. Their basic design included two wheels, a tipping body and shafts. The Tip Dray has a unique mechanism that allows the top to tip backwards to tip the load out of the back of the dray. The tipper was activated by a handle at the front allowing the driver to operate it while still having control over the horse. A Tip Dray was an indispensable piece of equipment in the days before tractors and mechanical trucks. They were used by farmers and carters to transport hay, rocks, bricks, gravel and rubbish etc. and because they were useful for dumping loads, they were favoured for use in road and railway construction. A photo in the collection of the Lorne Historical Society shows a tipping dray being used during the construction of the Great Ocean Road. They were part of the daily street traffic in towns and cities around Australia from the early days of settlement. In Australia in the early 1900's, carters began to join unions to protect their jobs and pay. N.S.W. had a "Trolley, Draymen and Carters Union", Queensland had a "Tip Dray Men's Association" and in W. A. the "Top Dray Driver's Union" had a "cessation of work" in 1911 when they were fighting for an increase in their day's wages. In 1910 a meeting of Tip Carters was held in Geelong at the Trades Hall to discuss the formation of a union (The Geelong Tip Dray Carters) which was a success and a schedule of rates for all carting, whether by contract or day labor, was fixed. By 1912 they had "labelled" more than 50 drays and had representatives on the "Trades Hall and Eight Hours Committee". By the mid 1930's and early 1940's, tip drays were being superseded by mechanical trucks and utes. However tip drays continued to be used in some circumstances. They were a practical solution to the problem of petrol rationing during W. W. 2. It was noted in a letter to the editor in the "Sunshine Advocate" in 1938 that a positive argument for continued use of Tip Drays for rubbish collection related to the idea that a horse drawn vehicle involved with lots of stops and starts at different houses (very like a milkman's delivery route) often involved the horse "driving itself" while the driver picked up the rubbish - something a motor truck was unable to do! Another article written in August 1935 and published in the Age in a parliamentary report into the rubber industry noted "tip drays had almost disappeared and in their place, metal was carted in 5 ton motor trucks" but the report went on to say that as a part of the Government relief work (during the Great Depression) the Government had "to some extent reintroduced the tip drays so that a greater number of men would be employed". This particular tip dray was owned by Mr. Oswald (Jack) Bourke. He used it to deliver dry goods from Sunbury to the Queen Victoria Market in Melbourne several times a week in the 1930's and then (between 1945 and 1962) Mr. Bourke used it on the garbage round in Springvale Victoria for the Springvale Council. The Council owned three drays and the "No. 3" painted on this dray is in recognition of its original number. After the death of Mr. Bourke in 1990, one of Mr. Bourke's sons (Andy) found the dray in a shed and restored it. The sign writing on the back and side panels were added during the restoration. This Tipping Dray is a significant example of a horse drawn vehicle that was used by workers from the early days of white settlement through to the 1940's and even into the early 1960's. It was used in a range of "working class" occupations - road construction, railway construction, carting goods, rubbish collection etc. and would have been found in cities, country towns and on farms.A wooden and metal tipping dray with a box body and four sides. It has two iron and wooden wheels (with 14 spokes), two wooden shafts and a metal tipping mechanism. The back panel folds down to allow loads to be dumped out. It is painted in green and cream with sign writing on one of the sides and on the front and back panels. It features decorative painted lines and designs in burgundy, cream and light blue on most of the wooden parts. The tipping mechanism is on the front of the dray's left side and consists of a metal pin secured with a metal ring, and a lever.Front of dray - "No. 3" Side of dray - "A. & M. BOURKE / Contractors / LONGWARRY" Back of dray - "G.T. ANDREWS / QUEEN VICTORIA MARKET - Stand C23 / Phone DANDENONG 225"flagstaff hill maritime museum and village, warrnambool, shipwreck coast, tipping dray, dray, tip dray, tip cart, vehicles, horse drawn vehicle, springvale council, jack bourke, muck cart, scotch cart, tumbrel, putt, box body, oswald bourke, sunbury, queen victoria market, melbourne, no. 3

One page document 'Extract from Dickers Mining Record, Strength of ropes Vol.1, No. 5, March 1862, page 3, 'Square the circumference in inches, and multiply by 200. The product is the weight in pounds the rope will bear in safety' Also, 'A question of some importance to miners'. A co-operative company had agreed that every shareholder working in the mine of the Great Redan Extended Coy shall bring two suits of clothes before he be allowed to work in the mine and shall proceed to the shifting room allotted to him and then shall put on his working clothes and on leaving work shall proceed to the shanty, and there change his clothes, and permit the officer appointed by the company to search the clothes in which he shall have worked. Any person not complying with this rule shall have a man work in his place and such person shall not be allowed to go down below. The wages of the man shall be deducted from the dividends of the shareholder. When taken to court, his Honor ruled in Favour of the company. Each party to pay his own costs. He said that all classes when going through the Custon's Houses had to submit for the general good. It was not the individual in the present issue, but the clothes that were submitted to the indignity of being searched.bendigo, mining, strength of mining ropes

Gertrude Perry was born in California Gully in 1917. Her singing skills were recognized at an early age. She later sang with local choirs and sang on radio. She was involved with the Bendigo Operatic Society for many years. Gertrude began her working life in sales. After studying book keeping she worked at the Bendigo Ordnance Factory during WW2 and then worked for local solicitors and accountants. Gertrude was involved with many community and sporting organizations.Invoice from Peter F. Wade for an AWA 23-inch TV purchased on higher purchase for 209 pounds nineteen shillings, by Miss G. E. Perry on 8/3/1963. Gertrude Perry Collection. physical culture class, fitness, exercise

Gertrude Perry was born in California Gully in 1917. Her singing skills were recognized at an early age. She later sang with local choirs and sang on radio. She was involved with the Bendigo Operatic Society for many years. Gertrude began her working life in sales. After studying book keeping she worked at the Bendigo Ordnance Factory during WW2 and then worked for local solicitors and accountants. Gertrude was involved with many community and sporting organizations.Bendigo Jockey Club Cup Meeting Bendigo Cup programme Wednesday Nov 20 1957; for seven races including Epsom Cup at 2:25 pm and Bendigo Cup at 2:45 pm Program Price two shillings. Gertrude Perry Collection.physical culture class, fitness, exercise

Gertrude Perry was born in California Gully in 1917. Her singing skills were recognized at an early age. She later sang with local choirs and sang on radio. She was involved with the Bendigo Operatic Society for many years. Gertrude began her working life in sales. After studying book keeping she worked at the Bendigo Ordnance Factory during WW2 and then worked for local solicitors and accountants. Gertrude was involved with many community and sporting organizations.Miscellaneous card with Miss perry's address. Printed light beige card. Gertrude Perry Collection.physical culture class, fitness, exercise

Printed book. Hardback. 248 pages. Citation: Hardy, Frank, London, T. Werner Laurie, 1963. BDMHS Location: AR/SU62/SafefictionThe writer and novelist Frank Hardy spent most of his childhood and early adulthood in Bacchus Marsh. This collection of short stories is inspired by his early years in the town of Bacchus Marsh in the 1930s. The collection contains 13 stories. Many of the these stories depict the poverty and struggles of working class people during the great economic depression of the 1930s. The setting is fictionalized as 'Benson's Valley' but to anyone familiar with the town Bacchus Marsh this location is clearly the setting for these stories and some of the characters are based upon Bacchus Marsh people Hardy knew at the time.frank hardy 1917-1994, bacchus marsh writers

Denis Gibbons (1937 – 2011) Trained with the Australian Army, before travelling to Vietnam in January 1966, Denis stayed with the 1st Australian Task Force in Nui Dat working as a photographer. For almost five years Gibbons toured with nine Australian infantry battalions, posting compelling war images from within many combat zones before being flown out in late November 1970 after sustaining injuries. The images held within the National Vietnam Veterans Museum make up the Gibbons Collection.A black and white photograph of Two Vietnamese girls, head off to work, sharing a moped motor bike at Vung Tau, Phuoc Tuy Province. The 'Middle Class' Viietnamese girls normally wore white Ao Dais as a work uniform. The two girls appeared to be sisters.photograph, vung tau, phuoc tuy province, gibbons collection catalogue, vietnamese girls, denis gibbons

Gertrude Perry was born in California Gully in 1917. Her singing skills were recognized at an early age. She later sang with local choirs and sang on radio. She was involved with the Bendigo Operatic Society for many years. Gertrude began her working life in sales. After studying book keeping she worked at the Bendigo Ordnance Factory during WW2 and then worked for local solicitors and accountants. Gertrude was involved with many community and sporting organizations.Reg V. Brock of Bendigo three-part brochure for prints and framing. Studio at View Point P. O. Box 132, phone Bgo. 1888. Advertising and pricing brochure for photographic work and framing with beige light card with brown printing. Gertrude Perry Collection.Miss G. Perry on outer coverphysical culture class, fitness, exercise

Gertrude Perry was born in California Gully in 1917. Her singing skills were recognized at an early age. She later sang with local choirs and sang on radio. She was involved with the Bendigo Operatic Society for many years. Gertrude began her working life in sales. After studying book keeping she worked at the Bendigo Ordnance Factory during WW2 and then worked for local solicitors and accountants. Gertrude was involved with many community and sporting organizations.Wedding invitation from Mrs. M. Macdougall to Miss Gertrude Perry for the wedding of her daughter Jean Catherine to John David A. Munro, Saturday 3rd October 1945. Wedding at St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Myers Street, Bendigo with the reception at Favaloro's Pall Mall. RS|VP 12th October. Multi-fold invitation. Gertrude Perry Collection.physical culture class, fitness, exercise

Gertrude Perry was born in California Gully in 1917. Her singing skills were recognized at an early age. She later sang with local choirs and sang on radio. She was involved with the Bendigo Operatic Society for many years. Gertrude began her working life in sales. After studying book keeping she worked at the Bendigo Ordnance Factory during WW2 and then worked for local solicitors and accountants. Gertrude was involved with many community and sporting organizations.Gertrude Perry Collection - Bendigo Jockey Club, Press Card, Wednesday November 20th 1957. Green card with attached green cord. Card notes representing 3130(!!) and stamped 25 on rear of card. Gertrude Perry Collection.Rear stamped 25.physical culture class, fitness, exercise

Gertrude Perry was born in California Gully in 1917. Her singing skills were recognized at an early age. She later sang with local choirs and sang on radio. She was involved with the Bendigo Operatic Society for many years. Gertrude began her working life in sales. After studying book keeping she worked at the Bendigo Ordnance Factory during WW2 and then worked for local solicitors and accountants. Gertrude was involved with many community and sporting organizations.The Stewardship Campaign Committee of the Golden Square Methodist Church invitation to a Loyalty Dinner Tues. 19th November (year not specified) to be held at the Bendigo City Hall. Gilt edged pale green invitation. Gertrude Perry Collection.physical culture class, fitness, exercise

Gertrude Perry was born in California Gully in 1917. Her singing skills were recognized at an early age. She later sang with local choirs and sang on radio. She was involved with the Bendigo Operatic Society for many years. Gertrude began her working life in sales. After studying book keeping she worked at the Bendigo Ordnance Factory during WW2 and then worked for local solicitors and accountants. Gertrude was involved with many community and sporting organizations.Cream coloured thank you card from the Golden Square Physical Culture Class given to Gertrude Perry. Twelve hand drawn figures of girls in blue uniforms exercising. Handwritten inscription " To Our Instructress with the Girls' Thanks for Happy Times". Gertrude Perry Collection.physical culture class, fitness, exercise

In May 1931 the Australian government announced a 20% reduction in expenditure, cuts to wages and pensions, and increased taxation. Despite workers striking, wages were reduced and working hours increased. The economy plunged into depression. Workers blamed the hardships on greedy bankers and the rich elite. The unemployed’ home-made, designed, knitted, painted and created things like pegs, pincushions, soaps, kitchen utensils and Pokerwork art, to sell door-to-door or in the streets. ‘Make Do and Mend’ was the mantra of the time. Making and mending clothing at home became a means to save money and an income offering services mending, altering or making clothes for the working people. Making over garments had been a time-honoured tradition since pioneer days. During the Depression clothes were a luxury and new fashions were created by altering old clothes. A best dress became a housedress, a church suit became a mine suit. Old shirts became new aprons, old trousers became new hats. Magazines and newspapers published Instructions on making and mending clothing and these became curriculums for sewing classes. Darning, mending, patching, saving fabric for rags, patches or upcycling became a necessity. Having a Sewing machine like this 1927 Singer housed in Oliver Gilpin’s store at Coal Creek Community Park and Museum could be the difference between survival and starvation The popularity of publications such as ‘Make do and mend’ lasted through the Second World War and into the 20th Century. Hand operated Singer sewing machine with wooden cover, circa 1927Y4476618

Ladies Art Class with about 25 women filling the room. The internal walls of the building appears to be timber with a tall screen to the left behind the students. Some women working at the easels are wearing long smocks. Four clumps of bamboo decorate the back of the room. Unfortunately no information is available about the class.Sepia photograph of a large group of young ladies art class. Some seated in rows, others standing and seated before easels.stawell

Part of a collection of four photographs depicting wool sales, wool classers and auction rooms. This group portrait was taken in Hobart and depicts men who were working in the wool industry at the time, including wool classer James Campbell Bell. James Campbell Bell emigrated from England to Sydney then Melbourne, in the early 20th century.Black and white photograph depicting seven men seated and standing near a cliff at the seaside. All the men are wearing suits and ties, one has a pipe in his mouth, one holds a walking stick.Back: [Handwritten] ? Whit? / ? / Hobart Wool Sale / Hobartwool auction, wool sales, wool industry, hobart, james campbell bell, seaside

Part of a collection of four photographs depicting wool sales, wool classers and auction rooms. This group portrait was taken in Hobart and depicts men who were working in the wool industry at the time, including wool classer James Campbell Bell. James Campbell Bell emigrated from England to Sydney then Melbourne, in the early 20th century.Black and white photograph depicting seven men seated and standing near a cliff beside water. All the men are wearing suits and ties, three have pipes.Back: [Handwritten] ? ? / J. C. Bellwool auction, wool sales, wool industry, hobart, james campbell bell, seaside

Gertrude Perry was born in California Gully in 1917. Her singing skills were recognized at an early age. She later sang with local choirs and sang on radio. She was involved with the Bendigo Operatic Society for many years. Gertrude began her working life in sales. After studying book keeping she worked at the Bendigo Ordnance Factory during WW2 and then worked for local solicitors and accountants. Gertrude was involved with many community and sporting organizations.Gertrude Perry Collection - invitation from California Gully P.S. No 123 to Centenary 1983 July 1, 2 & 3; Belltopper Hill 1883. invitation has green print on beige card, folded with the activities over three days printed inside. Card invites Miss Perry. Five items have been ticked to attend over Sat. and Sun. Portion of card is missing probably a RSVP section to inform the committee of Miss Perry's intention to attend the \School's Centenary.Internal invitation is made to Miss Perry to attend. Five items have been ticked to attend.physical culture class, fitness, exercise

Gertrude Perry was born in California Gully in 1917. Her singing skills were recognized at an early age. She later sang with local choirs and sang on radio. She was involved with the Bendigo Operatic Society for many years. Gertrude began her working life in sales. After studying book keeping she worked at the Bendigo Ordnance Factory during WW2 and then worked for local solicitors and accountants. Gertrude was involved with many community and sporting organizations.Gertrude Perry Collection - Invoice and HP payments receipts for purchase of an AWA TV by Miss G. E. Perry on 8/3/1963 from Peter F. Wade in instalments commencing 7th April 1963; over 19 receipts between 8/4/1963 to 18/3/1966physical culture class, fitness, exercise

Gertrude Perry was born in California Gully in 1917. Her singing skills were recognized at an early age. She later sang with local choirs and sang on radio. She was involved with the Bendigo Operatic Society for many years. Gertrude began her working life in sales. After studying book keeping she worked at the Bendigo Ordnance Factory during WW2 and then worked for local solicitors and accountants. Gertrude was involved with many community and sporting organizations.V.S.C.C. Inc. Certificate noting Gertrude Perry has been acknowledged as a SILVER STAR MEMBER of the club having achieved the distinction of collecting 500 Souvenir Tea Spoons. Certificate from Victorian Spoon Collectors Club inc. Certificate signed on 20/7/91 by President M A Tobias, and Secretary K Rowe. Card has green printing on a yellow base. Gertrude Perry Collection.Certificate signed on 20/7/91 by President M A Tobias, and Secretary K Rowephysical culture class, fitness, exercise

Gertrude Perry was born in California Gully in 1917. Her singing skills were recognized at an early age. She later sang with local choirs and sang on radio. She was involved with the Bendigo Operatic Society for many years. Gertrude began her working life in sales. After studying book keeping she worked at the Bendigo Ordnance Factory during WW2 and then worked for local solicitors and accountants. Gertrude was involved with many community and sporting organizations.Invitation to Miss G Perry from Bendigo City Lodge No 714 to attend a Ladies' Social Evening on Friday June 27th, 1952, at 7:45. Reception at 7:45 sharp, supper at 10:00 p.m. Harmony, Dancing and Euchre. Invitation from The Worshipful Master, Wor. Bro. L. M. Green. Unusual invitation to a single lady to a Lodge event with the invite expressly has Bro. and Lady crossed out. Gilt edged invite on pale green card. Unusual invitation to a single lady to a Lodge event with the invite expressly has Bro. and Lady crossed out. Gertrude Perry Collection.physical culture class, fitness, exercise

Gertrude Perry was born in California Gully in 1917. Her singing skills were recognized at an early age. She later sang with local choirs and sang on radio. She was involved with the Bendigo Operatic Society for many years. Gertrude began her working life in sales. After studying book keeping she worked at the Bendigo Ordnance Factory during WW2 and then worked for local solicitors and accountants. Gertrude was involved with many community and sporting organizations.V.S.C.C. Inc. Certificate noting Gertrude Perry has been acknowledged as a PURPLE STAR MEMBER of the club having achieved the distinction of collecting 250 Souvenir Tea Spoons. Certificate from Victorian Souvenir Collectors Club inc. Certificate signed on 20/7/91 by President M A Tobias, and Secretary K Rowe. Gertrude Perry Collection.Certificate signed on 20/7/91 by President M A Tobias, and Secretary K Rowephysical culture class, fitness, exercise

At the outbreak of war in 1939 Perth was serving in the West Indies. She served with distinction at Cape Matapan against Italy. Perth suffered damage from an air attack while berthed in Malta. Perth evacuated troops from Greece to Crete when Crete was invaded by the Germans When Japan entered the war in December 1941 Perth was sent to Java in the Dutch East Indies - now Indonesia. Perth's total complement was 681, of these 353 including Captain Hector Waller D.S.O were lost in action, 4 died ashore and 324 fell into Japanese hands. Of these 106 ratings died while prisoners of war, 53 dying while working on the Burma - Thailand railway.Framed Information sheet with description of specifications - crew numbers and service record of H.M.A.S Perth.H.M.A.S Perth (ex H.M.S Amphion). A Light Cruiser Leander Class 1941 of 7600 tons. Under full power speed trials reached 31.7 knots. Perth was commissioned as H.M.S Amphion on 15th June 1936 and was renamed H.M.A.S Perth by H.R.H Duchess of Kent on 10th July 1939.