This sturdy, deep hat box has been carefully constructed to give the contents utmost protection in the roughest of travel conditions. At the same time, attention to detail and quality of materials makes the box an attractive, desirable and useful piece of luggage. The supports inside the hat box show that the hat’s brim dipped at the front and back in the popular 1920s Homburg or Derby style. The hat box was likely to have been purchased, complete with its fashionable hat and personalised with the initials ‘G.M.’. The five shipping labels on the hat box tell that the owner traveller overseas with it on more than one occasion. The owner had first travelled with the shipping line Peninsular & Orient Steam Navigation Company, and may have been one the first Australian passengers in 1932, as the remnant of label on the base reads Sydney. The owner later voyaged under the company’s new name of P & O. and travelled from at least one of the voyages from Melbourne to London The square label, with “P & O” and red printed “M” in centre of circle, refers to alphabetical organisation of baggage by surname, connecting the owner ‘G.M.’ to the owner’s voyage with P & O. The P & O shipping line’s early beginnings started with the partnership of London ship broker Brodie McGhie Willcox and Scottish sailor Arthur Anderson in 1822. The partnership was joined by Irish shipowner Captain Richard Bourne in 1835 and they began operation as the Peninsular & Orient Steam Navigation Company with a service between London- Spain - Portugal. In 1932 the company expanded to include Australia with its passenger services departing from Sydney; in 1840 the company was incorporated. After various take-overs of other shipping lines and businesses, it operated under the name P & O. JOHN BRUSH The hat box was made by Australian saddle designer and maker, John Brush, Sons & Co. Brush began his saddlery trade in Roma, Queensland, His designing process included consulting with the men who rode and worked the horses. He was described in the Sydney Morning Herald of December 15, 1897, as a leading Sydney saddler, well known and reliable, with every kind of English and Australian saddle on view. John Brush established his business in 1840, operating from 371 George Street Sydney. A catalogue from that era jointly advertises John Brush (371 George Sty Sydney) and Butlers & Brush (432-4 Queen Street Sydney), both under the name of Edward Butler & Co. Pty. Ltd. The catalogue included saddlery, harness equipment, riding wear and travel goods, and strongly promoted the Wienkek made saddles, which he distributed Australia wide. John Brush, So & co. advertised its ‘new’ address in 1887, as 403 George Street Sydney. In 1898 Brush made a side-saddle for a customer, a design popular with gentlewomen of the era. The business was still operating over 100 years later, producing a catalogue in the 1950s.This early 20th century hat box is significant for being one of a kind in our Collection. Its fitted design shows the shape of the hat, dating it from the 1920s men’s fashions. The hat box is significant for being a high quality hat box made in Sydney, Australia by prominent and successful early colonial saddler and leather goods business, John Brush, Son & Co. The labels on the outside of the hat box are also significant, representing the prosperous lifestyle of an Australian traveller who purchased quality goods and cared for them. The traveller was able to depart from firstly the Port of Sydney and later the Port of Melbourne. Hatbox, oval shape, brown leather, strong, sturdy construction, six pieces, and metal lock on base. Wide lid, then tapers to a narrower base that has a red leather trim. Brown velvet fabric lining inside and covers some accessories. Other internal accessories are trimmed with plain red paper and blue and white striped paper. The lid has two attached leather tabs and a leather handle and underneath it has a drawstring liner and oval, gold-lettered maker’s label. The internal oval box has a leather retention strap and brim support. Separate moulded brim support is included. A detached leather strap with catch is inside the base. Inscriptions are stamped on the lid, printed on the maker’s label, attached as printed paper labels to the lid, sides, and under the base. Maker is John Brush, Son & Co. of Sydney. The owner’s initials “G.M” are embossed on the lid.Stamped on lid “G. M.” Label, oval, inside lid “JOHN BRUSH, SON & CO. / MANUFACTURERS & IMPORTERS / of / SADDLERY AND HARNESS / 403, GEORGE ST. / SYDNEY” Label, paper: “BAGGAGE, MELBOURNE TO LONDON’, part of word ‘CABIN’ and “P & O” Label, square, white background, black print, circular emblem: ‘PE - - - - - & ORIEN-’, ‘STEAM NAVIATION COMPY.’ BAGGAGE’ and a red printed “M” in centre of circle. Label, rectangular, white background, black print; narrow line border, text in rows and an ‘X’ overprinted, from corner to corner of the border: “BAGGAGE / P. & O. S. N. Co. / MELBOURNE / To / LONDON” Label, paper, rectangular, white background, black print, an “X” across the label: “CABIN / P & O / “ Label, paper, on base, “– aid” [Paid], “SYDNEY” flagstaff hil, warrnambool, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, hat box, leather hat box, vintage hat box, top hat, homburg hat, derby hat, travel ware, luggage, leather goods, travel goods, clothing accessory, men’s clothing, john brush, son & co, saddler, sydney firm, peninsular & orient steam navigation company, p & o, g.m., melbourne to london, sydney port, melbourne port, hat case

Anthropodermic Bibliopegy is the name given to the use of human leather to bind books. The name stems from the combination of the Greek root words, human (Anthropos), skin (derma), book (biblion), and fasten (pegia). The practice of creating anthropodermic books was popular throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. Most commonly, anthropodermic books are medical tomes, with the human leather taken from medical cadavers. Others were produced after criminal trials, with the criminal’s skin used to enclose the record of their own death sentences, creating a form of punishment that would surpass death. Other anthropodermic books contain poems or are religious texts. This book was written and printed in 1599 but most probably was rebound later when creation of anthropodermic books became more predominant. The book is a small tome of a religious nature containing the work of Bishop Thomas Bilson, who in a puritanical voice states that the primary argument articulated in this book is that “the metaphorical Calvinist interpretation of Hell as an exclusion from God was accurate then Christ's descent into hell after his crucifixion must refer to an actual existent hell as Christ was neither subject to sin nor able to be separated from the Divine.” The unusual cover of the book has led to many questions, the main being whether the book is covered with human skin. It was confirmed as such in 2014 with DNA testing undertaken by honours student Talanna Buckley at Federation University finding an 100% match to human DNA on the outside cover of the book. This is one of only two confirmed anthropodermic books in Australia, the other is housed at the National Library of Australia. Other forms of testing the leather of books have been found to be more accurate than DNA testing. For example, before DNA testing or PMF (Peptide Mass Fingerprinting) are undertaken many books have been identified as made from human skin through the close examination of the skins patterning. Hair follicles are the focus of the examination as certain patterns and sizes lend themselves to being human. However, many of these books have been proven to not be bound in human skin, the same can be said of books with inscriptions claiming them as anthropodermic. Peptide Mass Fingerprinting (PMF) testing has been found to be the most reliable way of confirming a leather bindings origin. This process involves the sampling of collagen-based materials, cutting the protein to gain specific amino acid combinations which form individual peptide sequences. Each mammal has an individual amino acid sequence in its collagen therefore its peptide mass combination is unique. This form of test can provide a more accurate outcome as collagen will be preserved for longer after the tanning process and will not be damaged in the same way DNA can be by the tanning process. DNA testing can also provide false positives as trace DNA from someone touching the book could be amplified and provide the reading instead of that of the leather itself. However, this book was tested with many controls as well as specific decontamination procedures in order to ensure that it was not trace DNA being tested. This book is historically and spiritually significant because it is a rare example of an early printed English Christian religious tract produced in Old English and Latin.. Its association with Thomas Bilson, who oversaw the final printing and publication of the King James Bible, is important. The covering of this book has been tested for human dna. Findings prove the book is covered with human skin, increasing the rarity of the object.420 page book with unusual leather cover. The book is written in Old English with passages in latin. There is a pressed petal between p.68 and 69. The covering of this book is made of human skin. The practice of binding books in human skin, also known as anthropodermic bibliopegy.Inside cover - James Hendy No 17 (Fu)gends Road Palmers Village Westminster. The gift of his mother Mrs Thomas Hendy. Some notes made through text eg p.112, and a passage written on the last page.religion, bible, edward lowe, edward lotos, thomas bilson, anthropodermic bibliopegy, james hendy, full redemption, religious, leather, wilson, winchester, jesus, puritanical, puritans, bungey, bilson, human skin, skin, human skin cover, human skin binding

Notes on historical sites and features in Greensborough and Hurstbridge7 p. Duplicated typescriptYPRL labelsgreensborough, hurstbridge

71 p. col. illustrationsnon-fictionfamily history, genealogy

Suggestions for improving distribution of the Greenhills Progress Association newsletter (known as Community News)1 p. typewritten letterHandwritten at top of page: "Submitted 9.10.69"greenhills progress association, community news

177 p., illus., maps.non-fictionA history of early development and more recent redevelopment in East Melbourne, from a town planning perspective.east melbourne, town planning, melbourne

96 p., illus., maps.non-fictionA pictorial history of Melbourne, illustrated with both old and new photographsmelbourne, yarra river

96 p., illus., maps.non-fictionThe history of Ballarat in its early goldmining days is entwined with the impact on the environment of the area.ballarat, gold rush, gold discoveries victoria

43 p., illus., map.non-fictionPhotos and text from a self-guided walk around Lilydale.historic buildings, pioneer walks, lilydale (vic.)

282 p., illus., maps.non-fictionA history of Ringwood (Vic.) revised for the Australian Bicentenary in 1988.historic buildings, ringwood (vic.)

354 p., illus., maps.non-fictionA history of the inner Melbourne suburb of Fitzroyfitzroy (vic.) - history, melbourne history

A short story about Adams Cake Shop in Main Street Greensborough in the 1970s and some coincidences about a member of staff.Article, 1 p., illus.adams cake shop greensborough, glenice dyke, dawn petts, dawn bennetts

447 p., illus., maps.non-fictionA history of the island of St Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.

Development of 14 lots at 11 Doon Court Briar Hill. Agent: Buckingham and Co.4 p. coloured pamphletdoon court briar hill, woodlands estate

Woman's Weekly is an English magazine circulated in many English speaking countries. It contains short stories, patterns and general interest stories. This historic edition is from 1960.60 p., text and illus.magazines, women's magazines

An historical account of the development of Melbourne's water supply, including the Yarra and Plenty Rivers and Yan Yean and Maroondah Reservoirs.4 p., photocopy of article.melbourne water, mmbw, maroondah aqueduct, yan yean reservoir

The Melbourne Cricket Ground at its present site became the home of the Melbourne Cricket Club in 1853. This venue has been used for Australian Rules, Olympic events in 1956 and and other sporting and public events as well as cricket, owing to the capacity of the ground to hold in excess of 100,000 spectators. Includes a timeline of some events at the MCG.3 p. text and photographsmelbourne cricket ground, mcg, melbourne - history

48 p. text and photographsnon-fictiondown syndrome, tony mcdonald, intellectual disabilities, down syndrome association of victoria

Part of the single track railway extension of 1902 from Heidelberg to Eltham, the Plenty River railway bridge Greensborough, was nominated for the Banyule Heritage Study 2020. This nomination was prepared by Norm Colvin & Anne Paul on behalf of the Greensborough Historical Society1 p. Text and photographshurstbridge rail line, plenty river, banyule heritage study 2020

Copy of map part Sec. 13, Parish of Yan Yean 1856, Map 3, Village site... Scale: 8 chains to 1 inch. Drawn by C. Hodgkinson, District Surveyor, redrawn by A. R. Blair 1978. 1 p. photocopy of map. yan yean reservoir, yan yean

Account of Turner Brothers bakery, built in the 1880s on the Plenty Road at South Yan Yean (now Mernda)1 p. text and photographyan yean, mernda, turners bakery, turner family

A description of typical women's roles in 19th and 20th century families, and changes that have occurred since World War II.5 p text and photographswomen in australia, women's roles, home duties, housework

Eight properties sold by Darren Jones during February 2015 in price range $473,000 to $737,5001 p. printed in colourhouses in watsonia, watsonia - house sales

The Summit was held at the Heidelberg Golf Club on 15 May 2018, facilitated by Banyule Youth Services and with the participation of the Victorian State government and Banyule City Council4 p. printed in colourbanyule youth summit

Part of the Environmental Effects Statement for the North East Link planning approval process. This volume covers noise and air quality.6 p., col. photographsnorth east link