Report of Needs Survey of Community Languages, including, Methodology, Victoria, NSW, Queensland, Torres Strait Islanders, Western Australia, Northern Territory and summary.

Client report includes, names, population, outcomes etc.

The survey aims to document the Indigenous language situation and to establish the extent of Indigenous language needs so as to provide a sound basis for further program planning.maps, surveyeducation policy, language policy

Variety of Tables, Clients, Items, Languages etc.

An overview of the total package for a Community Language Program. Explores Deciding to revive the language, training the trainers, gathering information, managing the project, writing an action plan and bring it all together. Is complemented by a DVD on back cover of book.DVDcommunity languages, language revival, language maintenance, language and intellectual property, education project planning

During National Arthritis Week (NAW) 2004, Arthritis Victoria held a launch for its new Multicultural Information Sheets in the City of Darebin. In this photo, a few people peruse the information sheets written in community languages, which have been placed on tables staffed by Arthritis Victoria (AV) staff and/or volunteers. (AV) course leader and volunteer, Noel Smith, is reading one of the brochures.COL photo of two people standing behind some tables which are covered with information sheets and some leaflets on a stand. A man is standing beside the table, reading one of the brochures, which he is holding. In the foreground and to the right of the frame, a few people are perusing some information sheets and brochures on a table opposite. Further to the right, there is an open doorway with an "EXIT" sign (partially obscured) above it.COL photo of two people standing behind some tables which are covered with information sheets and some leaflets on a stand. A man is standing beside the table, reading one of the brochures, which he is holding. In the foreground and to the right of the frame, a few people are perusing some information sheets and brochures on a table opposite. Further to the right, there is an open doorway with an "EXIT" sign (partially obscured) above it.arthritis foundation of victoria, afv, arthritis victoria, av, national arthritis week, naw, city of darebin, multilingual information sheets, launch, culturally and linguistically diverse, cald, multicultural, community languages, literacy, accessibility, noel smith, 2004

During National Arthritis Week (NAW) 2004, Arthritis Victoria held a launch for its new Multicultural Information Sheets in the City of Darebin. In this photo, Dr Alex Stockman (Rheumatologist) is conducting a slide presentation. The slide is titled, "Types of arthritis". Sitting at a table beside him are George Lekakis (Chair of Victorian Multicultural Commission), Marg Isom (Arthritis Victoria's General Manager of Education and Services), and Arthritis Victoria's Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Project Worker, Sharon Granek.COL photo of a man, standing, addressing a roomful of people. He is speaking into a microphone, at a lectern, to an audience who are seated on several rows of chairs. Beside him is a projector screen showing a slide titled, "Types of arthritis". Behind him is a freestanding vertical blue and green banner with the heading, 'Arthritis Victoria'. Next to him is a table (partially obscured) at which three other people (partially obscured) are seated. They are all facing the audience who are in the foreground, and have been Photographed from behind.[Handwritten in black ink] CALD NAW 04arthritis foundation of victoria, afv, arthritis victoria, av, national arthritis week, naw, city of darebin, multilingual information sheets, launch, culturally and linguistically diverse, cald, multicultural, community languages, literacy, accessibility, dr alex stockman, rheumatologist, george lekakis, chairperson, victorian multicultural commission, marg isom, general manager education & services, sharon granek, cald project worker, 2004

During National Arthritis Week (NAW) 2004, Arthritis Victoria held a launch for its new Multicultural Information Sheets in the City of Darebin. In this photo, Arthritis Victoria's Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Project Worker, Sharon Granek, is addressing the audience. Sitting at a table beside her are George Lekakis (Chair of Victorian Multicultural Commission), Dr Alex Stockman (Rheumatologist), and Marg Isom (Arthritis Victoria's General Manager of Education and Services).COL photo of a woman, standing, addressing a roomful of people. She is speaking into a microphone, at a lectern, to an audience who are seated on several rows of chairs. Beside her is a projector screen showing a slide. Behind her is a freestanding vertical blue and green banner with the heading, 'Arthritis Victoria'. Next to her is a table (partially obscured) at which three other people (partially obscured) are seated. They are all facing the audience who are in the foreground, and have been Photographed from behind.[Handwritten in faint black ink or pencil] CALD NAW 04arthritis foundation of victoria, afv, arthritis victoria, av, national arthritis week, naw, city of darebin, multilingual information sheets, launch, culturally and linguistically diverse, cald, multicultural, community languages, literacy, accessibility, sharon granek, cald project worker, george lekakis, chairperson, victorian multicultural commission, dr alex stockman, rheumatologist, marg isom, general manager education & services, 2004

During National Arthritis Week (NAW) 2004, Arthritis Victoria held a launch for its new Multicultural Information Sheets in the City of Darebin. In this photo, four people are perusing the multicultural information sheets on a table.COL photo of three people perusing a range of information sheets which have been laid out on a long rectangular table. There are also some brochures on a stand on the table. Standing beside them, near a doorway, is a woman (partially obscured) who has one hand to her lips while looking down. Another room is evident through the doorway, with an "EXIT" sign above a second doorway.[On a yellow sticky note, handwritten in black ink] page 13 NAW [on the same sticky note, handwritten in blue ink] ADDED TO CENTREarthritis foundation of victoria, afv, arthritis victoria, av, national arthritis week, naw, city of darebin, multilingual information sheets, launch, culturally and linguistically diverse, cald, multicultural, community languages, literacy, accessibility, 2004

During National Arthritis Week (NAW) 2004, Arthritis Victoria held a launch for its new Multicultural Information Sheets in the City of Darebin. In this photo, CALD Project Worker, Sharon Granek, is addressing the audience. Sitting at a table beside her are George Lekakis (Chair of Victorian Multicultural Commission), Dr Alex Stockman (Rheumatologist), and Marg Isom (Arthritis Victoria's General Manager of Education and Services).COL photo of a woman, standing, speaking into a microphone at a lectern. There is a small table in front of her, holding a slide projector and a few small items. Beside her, there are three people sitting at a long rectangular wooden table, around which there is a cream valance. Behind the woman and the people seated are two tall windows above a dado wall. The windows are dressed with dark wooden venetian blinds and brown curtains. Beside each window, there is a tall, freestanding, blue and green banner. The headings on the banners are, respectively, "Arthritis Victoria" and "Osteoporosis Awareness". The text beneath the headings include words such as "information", "support", "research", "advocacy", and "education". In the foreground, there are two audience members sitting in the front row.[On a white label, printed in black ink] NAW 2004 - LAUNCH OF AV MULTILINGUAL INFORMATION SHEETS - CITY OF DAREBIN - THURSDAY 22ND APRIL [Handwritten in pencil] SHARON GRENEK - CALD PROJECT WORKERarthritis foundation of victoria, afv, arthritis victoria, av, national arthritis week, naw, city of darebin, multilingual information sheets, launch, culturally and linguistically diverse, cald, multicultural, community languages, literacy, accessibility, sharon granek, cald project worker, george lekakis, chairperson, victorian multicultural commission, dr alex stockman, rheumatologist, marg isom, general manager education & services, 2004

During National Arthritis Week (NAW) 2004, Arthritis Victoria held a launch for its new Multicultural Information Sheets in the City of Darebin. In this photo, Arthritis Victoria's General Manager of Education and Services, Marg Isom, is addressing the audience. Sitting at a table beside her are George Lekakis (Chair of Victorian Multicultural Commission) and Dr Alex Stockman (Rheumatologist).COL photo of a woman, standing, addressing a roomful of people. She is speaking into a microphone, at a lectern, to an audience who are seated on several rows of chairs. Behind her is a freestanding vertical blue and green banner with the heading, 'Arthritis Victoria'. Next to her is a table (partially obscured) at which two men (partially obscured) are seated. They are all facing the seated audience who are in the foreground, and have been Photographed from behind.[On a white label, printed in black ink] NAW 2004 - LAUNCH OF AV MULTILINGUAL INFORMATION SHEETS - CITY OF DAREBIN - THURSDAY 22ND APRIL [Handwritten in pencil] MARG ISOM G.M of Educatn & Servicesarthritis foundation of victoria, afv, arthritis victoria, av, national arthritis week, naw, city of darebin, multilingual information sheets, launch, culturally and linguistically diverse, cald, multicultural, community languages, literacy, accessibility, marg isom, general manager education & services, george lekakis, chairperson, victorian multicultural commission, dr alex stockman, rheumatologist, 2004

During National Arthritis Week (NAW) 2004, Arthritis Victoria held a launch for its new Multicultural Information Sheets in the City of Darebin. In this photo, Dr Alex Stockman, Dr Stanley Chang, George Lekakis (Chair of Victorian Multicultural Commission), and John Zika (Commissioner of the Victorian Multicultural Commission and Executive Director of the Victorian Cooperative on Children’s Services for Ethnic Groups (VICSEG) New Futures) pose for a photo at the launch.COL photo of four men, standing side by side, posing for a photo. Behind them are two tall windows, with closed brown curtains, above a dado wall. There are some chairs to the right of the frame.[On a white label, printed in black ink] NAW 2004 - LAUNCH OF AV MULTILINGUAL INFORMATION SHEETS - CITY OF DAREBIN - THURSDAY 22ND APRIL [Handwritten in pencil] DR ALEX STOCKMAN \ DR STANLEY CHANG \ GEORGE LEKAKIS \ JOHN ZIKAarthritis foundation of victoria, afv, arthritis victoria, av, national arthritis week, naw, city of darebin, multilingual information sheets, launch, culturally and linguistically diverse, cald, multicultural, community languages, literacy, accessibility, dr alex stockman, rheumatologist, dr stanley chang, gp, councillor, george lekakis, chairperson, victorian multicultural commission, john zika, commissioner, victorian multicultural commission, executive director, victorian cooperative on children’s services for ethnic groups, vicseg, new futures, arthritis victoria board, 2004

During National Arthritis Week (NAW) 2004, Arthritis Victoria held a launch for its new Multicultural Information Sheets in the City of Darebin. In this photo, Arthritis Victoria's Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Project Worker, Sharon Granek, is addressing the audience. Sitting at a table beside her are George Lekakis (Chair of Victorian Multicultural Commission), Dr Alex Stockman (Rheumatologist), and Marg Isom (Arthritis Victoria's General Manager of Education and Services).COL photo of a woman, standing, addressing a roomful of people. She is speaking into a microphone, at a lectern, to an audience who are seated on several rows of chairs. Beside her, there are three people sitting at a long rectangular wooden table, around which there is a cream valance. Behind the woman and the people seated are two tall windows above a dado wall. The windows are dressed with dark wooden venetian blinds and brown curtains. At the other end of the table is a freestanding vertical blue and green banner, titled 'Osteoporosis Awareness'. In the foreground, the audience is seated on several rows of chairs. They have been Photographed from behind at a slight angle.[Handwritten in black ink] CALD NAW 04arthritis foundation of victoria, afv, arthritis victoria, av, national arthritis week, naw, city of darebin, multilingual information sheets, launch, culturally and linguistically diverse, cald, multicultural, community languages, literacy, accessibility, sharon granek, cald project worker, george lekakis, chairperson, victorian multicultural commission, dr alex stockman, rheumatologist, marg isom, general manager education & services, 2004

During National Arthritis Week (NAW) 2004, Arthritis Victoria held a launch for its new Multicultural Information Sheets in the City of Darebin. In this photo, Arthritis Victoria staff, guest speakers and audience members are taking part in some simple stretching exercises. Facing the audience are Arthritis Victoria's Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Project Worker, Sharon Granek, Dr Alex Stockman, (Rhematologist), George Lekakis (Chair of Victorian Multicultural Commission), and Marg Isom (General Manager of Education and Services, Arthritis Victoria).COL side view photo of a roomful of people in a hall. To the right of the frame, four people are standing behind a long rectangular table with a cream valance around it. They are facing an audience (centre and left of the frame) who are standing between rows of plastic chairs. Everyone has their arms outstretched above their heads. Behind the four people at the table, there are three tall windows above a dado wall and a large wooden honour board further back along the wall. There is a slide projector screen between the honour board and the table. There are two vertical freestanding blue and green banners along the wall behind the table. One banner is in the foreground, to the right of the frame. It contains the heading, "Osteoporosis Awareness", followed by words such as "information", "support", "research", "advocacy", and "education".[Handwritten in black ink] CALD NAW 04arthritis foundation of victoria, afv, arthritis victoria, av, national arthritis week, naw, city of darebin, multilingual information sheets, launch, culturally and linguistically diverse, cald, multicultural, community languages, literacy, accessibility, sharon granek, cald project worker, george lekakis, chairperson, victorian multicultural commission, dr alex stockman, rheumatologist, marg isom, general manager education & services, 2004

During National Arthritis Week (NAW) 2004, Arthritis Victoria held a launch for its new Multicultural Information Sheets in the City of Darebin. In this photo, guest speaker, Dr Alex Stockman (Rheumatologist) is making his presentation to the audience, supported by some images on a slide. Beside him, George Lekakis (Chair of Victorian Multicultural Commission), is seated at a table (partially obscured).COL photo of a man, standing behind a lectern, addressing a roomful of people. He is speaking into a microphone to an seated audience. Beside him is a slide projector screen displaying a slide with some images. Behind him, there is a freestanding vertical blue and green banner with the heading, 'Arthritis Victoria'. Below the heading are words such as "information", "support", "research", "advocacy", and "education". On the wall behind him, there are two tall windows with wooden venetian blinds and brown curtains above a dado wall. On the wall beside one window, there is a large wooden honour board. Next to him is a table (partially obscured) at which a man (partially obscured) is seated. They are facing the audience who is in the foreground, and has been Photographed from behind.[On a white label, printed in black ink] NAW 2004 - LAUNCH OF AV MULTILINGUAL INFORMATION SHEETS - CITY OF DAREBIN - THURSDAY 22ND APRIL [Handwritten in pencil] DR ALEX STOCKMANarthritis foundation of victoria, afv, arthritis victoria, av, national arthritis week, naw, city of darebin, multilingual information sheets, launch, culturally and linguistically diverse, cald, multicultural, community languages, literacy, accessibility, dr alex stockman, rheumatologist, george lekakis, chairperson, victorian multicultural commission, 2004

During National Arthritis Week (NAW) 2004, Arthritis Victoria held a launch for its new Multicultural Information Sheets in the City of Darebin. In this photo, John Zika (Commissioner of the Victorian Multicultural Commission and Executive Director of the Victorian Cooperative on Children’s Services for Ethnic Groups (VICSEG) New Futures), Sharon Granek (Arthritis Victoria's Culturally and Linguistically Diverse - CALD Project Worker), Dr Alex Stockman (Rheumatologist), George Lekakis (Chair of Victorian Multicultural Commission), and Dr Stanley Chang pose for a photo at the launch. A slightly cropped, black and white version of this photo appears on page 13 of the Vol 17 Issue 2, Winter 2004 edition of the Arthritis Foundation of Victoria's quarterly magazine, Update. It accompanies an article titled, "Cultural and Linguistically Diverse (CALD)". It is captioned: "From Left to Right: Mr John Zika, Arthritis Victoria Board Member and Multicultural Commissioner, Ms Sharon Granek, CALD Project Officer, Dr Alex Stockman, Rheumatologist and ARA Board Representative, Mr George Lekakis, Chairman Victorian Multicultural Commission and Dr Stanley Chang G.P. and Darebin City Councillor."COL photo of five people standing side by side, posing for a photo. Behind them is a freestanding vertical blue and green banner, titled 'Osteoporosis Awareness'. Behind the banner is a tall window, with wooden venetian blinds and brown curtains, above a dado wall. Behind them is a freestanding vertical blue and green banner, titled 'Osteoporosis Awareness'.[in the top right corner, handwritten in black ink] CALD NAW 04 [On a white label, centre left, handwritten in blue ink] L-R John Zika, Sharon Granek, Dr Alex Stockman, George Lak ['Lak' is crossed out] Lekakis, Dr Stanley Chang Launch of Multilingual Information Sheets - April 04 [Beneath the label, on the photo, handwritten in blue ink] Cover [circled]arthritis foundation of victoria, afv, arthritis victoria, av, national arthritis week, naw, city of darebin, multilingual information sheets, launch, culturally and linguistically diverse, cald, multicultural, community languages, literacy, accessibility, john zika, commissioner, victorian multicultural commission, executive director, victorian cooperative on children’s services for ethnic groups, vicseg, new futures, arthritis victoria board, sharon granek, cald project worker, dr alex stockman, rheumatologist, george lekakis, chairperson, victorian multicultural commission, dr stanley chang, gp, councillor, 2004

Response by Governments to the Royal Commission into Deaths in Custody. Looks at likely causes, bail, Legal Services, links with family and community, language and heritage.criminal justice system, australian law enforcement, police, aboriginal prisoners, race relations, racism, racial stereotyping

The National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005 highlights that: of an original estimated 250 known Australian Indigenous languages, only 18 languages are now considered 'strong' and have speakers in all age groups; about 110 Indigenous languages are still spoken by older people but are endangered; words and phrases are still in use and there is community support in many parts of the country for reclamation and learning programs for many other languages which are no longer fully spoken; communities around Australia possess many of the elements required to keep Indigenous languages strong or to reclaim them. They have skilled and devoted language workers and teachers, excellent teaching materials, good documentation of languages and active community language centresmaps, colour photographs, tables, graphsaboriginal english, education, aiatsis, fatsil, language endangerment, language maintenance, language revival, language policy, language proficiency

Language - Preservation and use. Language - Social function. [Maori: New Zealand Latin]. Language planning. [Language planning in a trans-national speech community]. [The way of the drum - when earth becomes heart] [The need for an ecological cultural community] Community language management. [Methods of madness: The Tuscarora Language Committee] [Daghida: Cold Lake First Nation works towards Dene language revitalization] [The Jicarilla Apache language summer day camp] [Report on the workshop "World of Inukitut"]. Arizona. New Mexico. Oklahoma. Adult education. Women's literacy. [Teaching reading with puppets] [Assessing Lakota language teaching issues on the Cheyenne River Reservation] [Incorporating traditional Nehiyaw/Plains Cree education in the university] [Collecting texts in Crao and Portuguese for teaching] [Early vocabularies and dictionary development: A cautionary note] [The process of spelling standardization of Innu-Aimun (Montagnais)] Pidgin. Creole. [Ojibway hockey CD-ROM in the making] [The use of multimedia and the arts in language revitalization, maintenance and development: The case of the Balsas Nahuas of Guerreo, Mexico] [The languages of Indigenous Peoples in Chukotka and the media] [Meeting of the Inukitut and Yupik family of languages on May 12, 2000]B&w photographs, diagrams,international language forum, community based practice, language research, conference papers, language policy, language and whole community development, literacy development, media, educational advances, canada, united states, new zealand, zimbabwe, mexico, russia, caribbean, inui, yupik

Review in 1994 examined language maintenance activities at Borroloola, Kempsey, Ringers Soak (Yaruman) and Saibai Island specifically and other language maintenance and revival activities in Australia and overseas; principles espoused include those of indigenous consultation, decision -making and control, increasing services to improve community life, training in language matters and indigenous literacy, promotion of language use in schools and of importance of language, funding for broadcasting, training, language and education programs, research, publication and information exchange.language maintenance, language and education

The Wurrung Wurrung Kit is designed to introduce students at all levels to the heritage of Aboriginal languages within the area now known as Victoria. The kit aims to: Create awareness of Victorian Aboriginal languages in the past and present. The kit is not designed for the teaching of languages, Develop students' understanding of the relationship between the languages and culture of Victorian Indigenous people, or Koories, Create awareness of the importance of language to indigenous communities today and to foster respect for these communities and their languages, Highlight the diversity within Aboriginal Victoria and Australia in terms of languages and culture, Provide resources for students and teachers that can be used either as a window into Aboriginal culture generally, or to complement a broader unit of work in indigenous studies. Resources for teachers Purpose of this kit Using this kit Terminology Pronunciation Facts about Aboriginal languages in Victoria Language and Aboriginal culture Revitalizatoin of Aboriginal languages Language Alive in the community Community protocols Understanding the Language Map VELS and Curriculum links Teaching Framework Resources and contacts Activities for students Animal names Colouring in Possum Koala Kangaroo Code breaker What do yo know? Concentration Sounds, spellings and symbols Kinship Different things, different words Koorie Garden Timeline Story of Victorian Languages Language on the Mission Role Play Traditional Owners Placenames Graffiti Wall Map References.maps, b&w photographs, b&w illustrations, colour illustrations, games, referenceswoiwurrung, boonwurrung, gunnai kurnai, djadjawurrung, wathaurong, keerraywoorroong, jardwadjali, wergaia, ladjiladji, taungurung, dhudhuroa, kulin

The Australian Bureau of Statistics developed the Australian Standard Classification of Languages for use in the collection, storage and dissemination of all Australian statistical and administrative data relating to the languages spoken in Australia. The classification was a response to wide community interest in the language usage of the Australian population and the consequent need to provide quality and consistent statistical and administrative data on this topic. This second edition is part of a periodical review process that aims to reflect changes to Australia's language profile. The review also enabled improvements to the classification in terms of language coverage (particularly for Australian Indigenous Languages) and the grouping of certain languages.statistical data, language statistics

Nhân Quyền is a prominent Vietnamese-language weekly publication founded in Melbourne, Victoria, in 1984. Established by Nhan Quyen Publishing during the peak of Vietnamese refugee settlement in Australia, the newspaper served as a vital cultural lifeline and trusted news source for the diaspora navigating a new homeland. Under the long-term leadership of Editor-in-Chief Mr. Long Quân, Nhân Quyền evolved into a vibrant literary and advocacy hub, collaborating with local writers and Australian authors to preserve traditional heritage, language, and community history. Following Mr. Long Quân’s passing in July 2017, the publication closed its physical print office in Abbotsford and transitioned into a digital-only framework, maintaining an active online presence for community journalism and poetry. Its physical print archives (1984–2015) are permanently preserved in the National Library of Australia. Nhan Quyen Issue 1674 02/04/2020-08/04/2020 the last print edition

All language educators are aware that culture is a vitally important reason for teaching languages. All curriculum statements for languages contain strong references to the importance of culture. We need to offer accessible cultural input to initiate the teaching of culture in language use, while at the same time not simplifying or stereotyping the community that speaks the language we are teaching. This book takes up these important questions and places in the hands of teachers well researched but very practical guidance, advice, resources and information on teaching culture in language. In this book you will find a discussion of what researchers, and classroom teachers, think and do about culture in language education and you will find a rich array of practical resources and advice for enhancing classroom practice. Specific languages addressed are: Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese and English as a Second Language. Preface /? Joseph Lo Bianco 1. Common themes /? Joseph Lo Bianco 2. Culture: visible, invisible and multiple /? Joseph Lo Bianco 3. A conceptual framework to help teachers identify where culture is located in language use /? Chantal Crozet 4. Chinese /? Li Kaining 5. How can we make Australian English meaningful to ESL learners? /? Anne-Marie Barraja-Rohan 6. Teaching French and culture in language use /? Chantal Crozet and Louise Maurer 7. Are Germans rude or just doing things differently? Understanding and teaching language and culture /? Winfried Thielmann 8. Face value: teaching Italian verbal and social-cultural interaction /? Piera Carroli, Adriana Pavone, Vincenza Tudini 9. The teaching of culture in Japanese /? Miyuki Toyoda and Shunichi Ishihara.diagrams, word listsculture theory, australian english, esl, language and culture, english as a second language

Wycliffe translates the Bible for people around the world. Published: Nillumbik Now and Then /​ Marguerite Marshall 2008; photographs Alan King with Marguerite Marshall.; p171 The peace and beauty of Australia’s Wycliffe Centre reflects what it aims to bring to thousands of people around the world. Kangaroos calmly feed, accompanied by bird song, near the mud-brick buildings set amongst Kangaroo Ground’s rolling hills. On 11 hectares off Graham Road, the centre aims to transform people’s lives by giving groups around the world, with no written language, help with literacy and Bible translation into their own tongue. Associate Director, Harley Beck, says reading the Bible (probably history’s most influential collection of books), in one’s own language, provides a strong moral basis, helping people withstand exploitation and escape poverty. One of Wycliffe’s field partners, SIL (formerly Summer Institute of Linguistics) Papua New Guinea, has won two UNESCO awards, and SIL branches in many other countries have won international and national awards. The translators are modern heroes. They undertake hardships, forsaking for years, sometimes decades, a salary and the soft western lifestyle, to face loneliness and primitive conditions that most of us would not even contemplate. No staff is paid a salary. An example is the first Australian Director and former International President, David Cummings, who for 50 years has depended on donations from supporters and churches. Students of all ages at the EQUIP Training School on the site come from all walks of life. They train in linguistics and learn how to communicate in a way that is sensitive to other cultures. Spiritual resilience is encouraged, enabling people to persist until the job in the field is done, which takes on average ten to 15 years. Courses range from a few weeks to a year. The Wycliffe concept was born in the 1920s when American missionary, Cameron Townsend, found a Spanish Bible was inadequate to evangelise the Cakchiquel people of Guatemala. When a Cakchiquel man challenged: ‘If your God is so great, why doesn’t he speak my language?’ Townsend decided to translate the Bible into all languages! He founded a linguistics training school in 1934, naming it after 14th century theologian John Wycliffe, the first to translate the Bible into English. The first Wycliffe Bible was completed in 1951 in the Mexican San Miguel Mixtec language. In May 2007 after 30 years of work, Wycliffe Australia, with other organisations, completed the first Bible for indigenous people in the Kriol* language, for about 30,000 people in northern Australia. Wycliffe Australia began in 1954 in the Keswick Bookshop basement, Collins Street, Melbourne. As the organisation grew, its quarters became so cramped that Director Cummings at times interviewed potential recruits in his car! The development of the Kangaroo Ground property is a story of faith and generosity. In 1967 Cummings proposed moving to a larger property despite having no funds. Within a month Wycliffe received a $20,000 donation and a gift of land towards a national centre. An earlier owner of the Kangaroo Ground property, Mrs Elsie Graham, would have been delighted, as she had wanted her land to be used for ‘God’s service’. Mud-brick architect and Christian, Alistair Knox, offered to design the centre at no charge. Despite a drought, straw was donated to make bricks. Many volunteers helped with the building, including church youth groups who made mud-bricks. Volunteers planted thousands of native plants, watered by recycled water from the site’s dam. Building began in 1968 and in 1983 the South Pacific SIL School (now EQUIP Training) followed. Wycliffe, the world’s largest linguistic organisation, and other organisations, have translated the Scriptures into more than 2000 languages. But another 2000 languages still lack any portion of the Bible. However translations are now completed more quickly, because of new computer programs and as education spreads, more speakers of the local language can assist. Despite the growth of secularisation, Beck says support for Wycliffe Australia, which has offices in all states and the ACT, is stronger than ever. * Kriol is a Pidgin language, which has become a speech community’s prime language.This collection of almost 130 photos about places and people within the Shire of Nillumbik, an urban and rural municipality in Melbourne's north, contributes to an understanding of the history of the Shire. Published in 2008 immediately prior to the Black Saturday bushfires of February 7, 2009, it documents sites that were impacted, and in some cases destroyed by the fires. It includes photographs taken especially for the publication, creating a unique time capsule representing the Shire in the early 21st century. It remains the most recent comprehenesive publication devoted to the Shire's history connecting local residents to the past. nillumbik now and then (marshall-king) collection, graham road, kangaroo ground, wycliffe centre

Mrs. Hedwig Bruckner was born in Answar, Germany, in 1920. She emigrated to Beechworth in 1955 at age 32 with her two children. Her husband was a prisoner of war in Russia for 6 years. After emigrating, Hedwig worked at the Beechworth tannery, but worked for the majority (20+) of her working years as a housekeeper for Doctor Collins. Her husband worked the nightshift at the Forestry Commission. Hedwig's testimony paints the picture of a life that was "very hard". When they moved into their house in 1956, they had no money for doors. Their two eldest children were pulled out of the convent school due to lack of funds, and their son worked as a milkman from a young age to supplement the family's income. Hedwig's testimony notes language difficulties and the number of European emigrant families in Beechworth, with which the Bruckners formed community bonds. This oral history recording was part of a project conducted by Jennifer Williams in the year 2000 to capture the everyday life and struggles in Beechworth during the twentieth century. This project involved recording seventy oral histories on cassette tapes of local Beechworth residents which were then published in a book titled: Listen to what they say: voices of twentieth century Beechworth. These cassette tapes were digitised in July 2021 with funds made available by the Friends of the Burke.Mrs. Hedwig Bruckner's oral history is significant for its insight into the perspectives and experiences of European emigrant families to Beechworth, noting their unique experiences and hardships of language, food, work, forging community bonds, and adjusting to country Australian life. The oral history project more broadly is significant for its capture of the lives of ordinary Beechworth residents from incredibly divergent backgrounds, which has led to a rich, nuanced and diverse range of accounts of Beechworth.This is a digital copy of a recording that was originally captured on a cassette tape. The cassette tape is black with a horizontal white strip and is currently stored in a clear flat plastic rectangular container. It holds up 40 minutes of recordings on each side.listen to what they say, beechworth, oral history, burke museum, hedwig bruckner