Hand written page with list of mines, depth, year and ounces of gold. Mines listed are:- Geo Denis Claim, Begelhole & Co (South), Koch's & Hildebrandt, Koch & Hildebrandt Trib Co., Lansell & Hunt's Black & White Lead Co, Lansell's 222, Golden Outlook (Vale). Reference - Bendigo Goldfield, History and Production, Page 106.gold mining, miners' safety cage, lansell's 222 mine, lansell's 222 mine, production of mines, geo denis claim, begelhole & co (south), koch & hildebrandt, koch & hildebrandt trib co, lansell & hunt's black & white lead co, golden outlook, bendigo goldfield history and production

Handwritten notes showing name of mine, depth, period, calls, dividends, tons, ounces and remarks. Mines mentioned: Geo Hudson's Claim, Bickerton's Claim, Burrowes & Co, Burrowes & Sterry Trib, New Chum & Victoria Trib, New Chum & Victoria Co, B. M. Register 1883, South Victoria Reef Amalgamated. Reference: Bendigo Goldfields History & Production Page 109.document, gold, new chum & victoria lines of reef, production of mines, early workings, geo hudson's claim, bickerton's claim, burrowes & co, burrowes & sterry trib, new chum & victoria trib, new chum & victoria co, b m register 1883, w burrell

Four copies, 1 hand written and 3 typed copies of notes on the Fortuna Hustlers Mine. Notes include depth of shaft, size of lease, locality, plant, other mines where the winding engine worked, prominence, best reefs, total production. References: Mines Dept Special Edition 'Australian Mining Standard' 1/6/1899; Mines Dept Booklet 'Bendigo Goldfield' Geo Brown 1936; Mines Dept Booklet No 33 H. Herman 1914; 'Annals of Bendigo' (Mining Sections, From 1888 - 1913): A. Richardson.mine, gold, fortuna hustlers, fortuna hustlers, hustlers line of reef, railway goods sheds, buckell & jeffrey's, roberts & sons, tambour major, birds reef, hercules no 1, north virginia mine, gold production & dividends, australian mining standard (special edition) 1/6/1899, mines dept booklet 'bendigo goldfields' 1936, mines dept bulletin no 33, h herman 1914, annals of bendigo mining section 1888 - 1913, a richardson

2 hand written sheets of paper, titled Anticline Garden Gully - Reef or Mine Carlisle. Has the name of companies, depth of shaft, years, calls, Divs, Tons, Ounces, Authority & Remarks. Dates from 1860 to 1918. Reference: Production Statistics Bendigo Mines N. L. Bendigo Goldfields, History & Production. General Index. Companies & Reefs. Pages 196 & 197. Mines Dept. Bendigo Office.mine, gold, carlisle, carlisle mine, gold production, mines dept. bendigo

Four-page typed document with map, detailing the history and plant of the New Moon Gold Mine on the Garden Gully line of reef. The mine was located approximately one mile north of Eaglehawk Town Hall. The depth of the shaft was 2,400 ft. The mine was first formed in 1867. The signaling system in the mine was electric with a telephone service which connected the engine driver with the plat chamber. At most mines, when the men were below the surface, the men could signal to the driver, but he could not communicate with them. Total gold production from the mine was 230,601 ozs.bendigo, mining, new moon mine

Two handwritten pages, and typed copy of same, of production for Lansell's 180 Mine on the New Chum Reef. Notes give the name of the mine, depth, year, ounces of gold produced and remarks. Mentioned are: Early Workings, Weymouth, Wittschieler & Co, Lansell's 180, Lansell's Estate, Endeavour Co (South Block), J. N. Macartney. Both pages are almost the same. They are page No 111. Albert Richardson Collection. document, gold, lansell's big 180 mine, lansell's big 180 mine, production notes for lansell's 180 mine, weymouth, wittschieler, ballerstedt & co, lansell's 180, lansell's estate. endeavour co (south block), j n macartney, production statistics b m n l page 111, bendigo goldfields history & production, general index of coys & reefs

This particular specimen was recovered from the Lal Lal Coal and Iron Mine in Victoria, 19km from Ballarat. Brown Coal was discovered here in 1857, just alongside the Geelong to Ballarat Railway line. This discovery of lignite (brown coal) was the first in Victoria, which would bring important benefits to the region and state, both of which had previously been reliant on coal imports. In the 1860s, iron ore was found just 5km from Lal Lal, and the area was converted into an Iron Ore Mine. The Lal Lal Iron Mining Company took over operations in 1874, who then peaked iron production in 1884. This mine continued operations until June 1884, when the blast furnace was extinguished and never recommenced. The blast furnace at Lal Lal is considered one of the most important and highly significant sites ion early industrial history in Australia, as it is the only remaining best furnace from the nineteenth century in the Southern Hemisphere. The furnace ruins are 17 metres high, and are clearly visible today on Iron Mine Road, Lal Lal, near the Bungal Dam. This specimen of Lignite (brown coal) is significant, as it was mined from the area where brown coal was first discovered in Victoria, leading to an important and controversial future of the mining and use of brown coal in this State. The Victorian Heritage Database has listed the Lal Lal Coal Mine with local significance, with their Statement of Significance stating: "The Lal Lal coal mine is historically significant as the site of the first discovery of lignite (brown coal) in Victoria, and one that promised important benefits to regional and state industries that were reliant on coal imports at the time. The significance of the stie is reduced by the poor state of preservation of the coal mining and processing fabric". This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A hand-sized light-weight, soft and combustable sedimentary rock specimen, that is dark brown in colour. The specimen has jagged edges, as though parts of the rock have crumbled away. Brown coal, or Lignite, is formed naturally from compressed peat, and is typically found in natural basins. The stages to the formation of coal ('coalification') begin with plant material and wood, which will decay if it is not subjected to deep burial or heating, and turn into Peat. Peat, when sufficiently compressed naturally, will turn into Brown Coal (Lignite), and finally into Black Coal (sub-bituminous, bituminous and anthracite). Each successive stage has a higher energy content and lower water content. It is brownish-black in colour. Brown Coal has a high moisture content, between 50 and 75 percent, and a low carbon content. Some Brown Coals may be stratified, with layers of plant matter, which means little coalification has occurred beyond the peat natural processing stage. When Brown Coal is submerged in dilute nitric acid or boiling potassium hydroxide solution, it reacts to produce a reddish solution, of which higher-ranked coals do not. When brown coal is pulverised and burned in boilers, the steam is used to drive turbines, which generates electricity. It is the lowest rank of coal, as when burned, it creates a relatively low heat content, which in turn does not create a great output of steam. burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, beechworth museum, geological, geological specimen, mineralogy, brown coal, brown coal specimen, lignite, lal lal, lal lal coal mine, lal lal iron mine, ballarat, blast furnace

The photo depicts one shift of mine hands at Hanlon Consols Mine Rokewod in 1901. ist on the left is George Edgar Yung. George was born in Ararat the son of Yohann Godlip and Christina (b Weller)Yung. They lived at Happy Valley near Linton. and Piggoreet. Yohann was a miner and died in the All Nations Mine collapse at Derwnt Jack's in 1877. Interesting to note in the following information that the Hanlon Consol mamager, William Maughan was also the manager of the Try Again Mine in Piggoreet. He was also on the six man school committee of Piggoreet Common School No. 726. (Is this why George Yung ended up working in Rokewood because of a previous connection at Piggoreet? George married Clara Emma Smith from Happy Valley and worked in a mine at Allendale. They later moved to Yendon) About the Hanlon gold mining company near Rokewood. 1901 - Information Bendigo Prospecting Club, 21/08/2020. Information provided once again by Peter McCarthy. Christopher Hanlon had put down a line of bores south of the Rokewood main street, looking for a continuation of the Break O’Day lead which had been worked for two or three miles with highly payable results, though in a primitive manner. Ground was being paddocked 30 feet deep and made to pay. The bores suggested the sinking would be about 70 feet and a shaft site was selected at the back of Stanbrook’s Hotel. The Hanlon Gold Mining Company was formed in March 1895 and the shaft was bottomed at 68 feet, getting just over an ounce of gold from the shaft bottom. By January 1896, the poppet heads were up, and steam plant was nearly ready. The mine produced 846 oz by September, which was not as good as expected, but they installed a second puddling machine. The mine was profitable for the next three years, with periods of prospecting and the need to install steam pumps in 1897. A second shaft was sunk in 1899, which bottomed at 86 feet on good wash and was sunk on to 109 feet. 1743 oz of gold had been produced in six months to September 1899, but the No1 shaft was let on tribute as the No2 workings were opened and machinery installed the following year. The No1 shaft tributors broke even in 1900 and in 1901 the shaft was shut down, with the No1 shaft machinery sold late in 1902. By September 1901, the mine had produced gold worth £66,124 and the No2 shaft main drive was in 346 feet, with gold being found mainly in crevices in the hard floor. Mining continued, but once the No2 shaft workings met up with the old No1 shaft workings at the end of 1902 there was not much wash remaining. The mine was let on tribute in June 1903 and a drive was put in to test deeper ground. The company was wound up in February 1904 and the plant sold. From what they discovered, the manager concluded that the mine sat at the edge of an ancient coastline and the gold was in a beach deposit. The total gold production from the mine was worth £73,294. J Lee Archer JP, shareholder, was the manager of the Bank of Victoria in Ballarat. Born in Tasmania, he came to Victoria with his parents and first came to Ballarat in 1855 as a junior clerk with the bank. He died in 1902 aged 64. Alexander J. Peacock was a legal manager and a share broker. In 1897 Peacock, born in Creswick, had been elected as one of the Victorian delegates to the Constitutional Convention which wrote the Australian Constitution. He later became a politician, state treasurer and three times state premier of Victoria and was knighted KCGM. He died in 1933 aged 72. William Maughan, director, was an English miner who came to Victoria in the 1850s and became a mine manager, managing the Try Again at Piggoreet, Ryan’s Freehold and the Madam Berry, among others. He died in Williamstown in 1915 aged 85. Sepia photographRhs front of photo: R. Millist Phto & Lanternist Geelong Verso (upside down): ONE SHIFT OF MINE HANDS HANLON CONSOLS MINE ROKEWOOD 1901 Grandfather Yung 1st on left rokewood, hanlon consols mine, shift of mine workers 1901, gold mines, george edgar godlip yung, william maughan

The Sulieman Pasha is possibly named after the most important Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Suleiman One, or Suleiman the Magnificent, when the Ottoman Empire was at its peak. Or potentially a number of Ottoman governors, statesmen and military commanders with the same name after, however the spelling is slightly different to the mine name. No Turkish connection was found relating to the formation of the company, and remains unconfirmed. The mine operated from two shafts; No. 1 near the corner of Humffray and Mair streets, and also near where the Welcome Nugget (2217 ounces) was found years earlier; and the controversial No. 2 shaft several blocks south bordering the northern side of the main highway through Ballarat. The company produced 62 666 ounces of gold, the twelfth highest quartz reef gold production for any mine on the Ballarat goldfield. Some crushing figure examples are January-June 1881: 3674 tonnes 1085 ounces; January-June 1885: 2949 tonnes 1281 ounces; July-December 1885: 4459 tonnes 1119 ounces; January-June 1887: 1869 tonnes 730 ounces; July-December 1892: 1450 tonnes 771 ounces; July-December 1896: 4365 tonnes 1372 ounces. Like many mines in the area, gold grades were low. John Watson was noted as mine manager in the 1880s, and John Williams 1890s. The company was re-organised twice increasing the number of shares from 4000 to 24 000, and increasing the capital available. The Sulieman Pasha Company was formed in 1878. David Fitzpatrick was given the honour of turning the first sod of both the No.1 and later No. 2 shafts. The first dividend was given to shareholders in July 1881. The company obtained a prospecting vote (government grant) to start, and was very proud to be the first Victorian gold mining company to pay the funds back to the government. The event was marked by a lavish banquet laid out for ministers and government officials by the company. Leases were purchased to the south in 1885 to the Llanberris Mine boundary, after poor results began accumulating from the small No. 1 shaft. To take advantage of this new land the company planned to sink a second shaft. Initially this was to take place on government land, but the uproar from nearby residents caused the company to purchase land along the Main Road (now Western Highway), and the old Yarrowee Hotel which had occupied the site since the alluvial digger days of the 1850's was demolished. The area had since those days become heavily occupied with a number of shops, houses, a post office, church and two schools in the immediate area. The thought of an underground mine next door drew considerable opposition. The company (before the days of public relations departments) wrote 'most people would have thought that progress as vital as mining would be supported by tradesmen whose business rely on the mining industry. It seems when it comes to mining they are bereft of their senses, and considering the low ebb of mining in Ballarat East, the action of our opponents are unaccountable. (Sarcastically) There are certain engineering difficulties in moving the quartz reefs to a new location, but if we could to appease our opponents we would'. The company also wanted to take over 4 acres of the St Paul's school oval for machinery, but accused the St Paul's Church of wanting extortionate amounts of money upfront, and on a yearly basis for the privilege. It stated the church could not be opposed to mining when several years earlier it had formed its own company to mine the land, only for shareholders to lose their money. In 1886, the company approached the Minister for Mines, and attended heated public meetings on the matter. The local residents, shop owners, and church submitted a 60 person petition to the local council and government authorities. They stated the shaft contravened the mining statutes, which stating no mining could take place within 150 yards of a public building or church. A speech by a resident stated 'mining always comes with glorious pictures of the great benefits which would accrue all parties concerned if their request is granted, but if property is destroyed or depreciated in value, no-one then comes forward and compensates them'. The No. 2 shaft was approved including taking over part of the school oval. In 1888, workers at the company's No. 2 shaft went on strike to try and bring their wages in line with other mines in the district (the No. 1 shaft was operated by tributers). William Madden (26) was killed from a fall of earth underground the same year, while a year later his father John Madden (70) was similarly killed in the Madame Berry Mine elsewhere in the district. In 1897 as the amount of gold being found fell away, it came to light part of the deal to purchase the Yarrowee Hotel site was a 5% royalty on gold found. Shareholders could not understand why they were paying a royalty to the former owners of the property. The mine closed in 1898 due to a lack of gold. In 1902 a boy (age unknown) called Charles Lee was killed from a fractured skull while working to dismantle the Sulieman Pasha plant. The fuss over the No. 2 shaft had a sequel. On the company winding up, the land was purchased by J.S. Trethowan who built a house next to the shaft. In 1907, the shaft caved-in creating a sinkhole immediately at the back of the house. A Mr Chamberlain heard a deep rumbling sound at 5am, and looked out the window to see his fowl house and thirteen chickens disappear down an expanding hole. He then went back to bed, and called the police later in the day. The shaft was 1050 feet deep, and the hole at the surface that developed was 20 feet by 17 feet across, and 20 feet depth. In 1930 it is reported a syndicate had been formed to clean out the old shaft, and re-open the mine. It is assumed this was the No. 1 shaft but no more was found. (https://www.mindat.org/loc-304239.html, accessed 07/08/2019) A transverse section plan of the Sulieman Pasha Mine.sulieman pasha company, plan, mining, united black hill mine, victoria united mine, victoria street, britannia united mine, last chance mine, llanberris mine, ottoman empire, john watson, john williams, david fitzpatrick

Tourmaline specimens are members of a crystalline silicate mineral group based on boron but influenced by elements including aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium. Specimens present a wide variety of colours and forms according to the specific mix of these elements. Tourmalines are semi-precious gemstones with many applications, including commercial jewellery production. The word 'tourmaline' derives from the Sinhalese term for the carnelian or red-shaded specimens, "tōramalli". This specimen has been classified by geologists as 'Black Schoalou/Tourmaline in quartz'. Schoalou may equate to a common black-hued type of Tourmaline associated since around 1400 with mines in Saxony, Germany near a village called Schorl (today's Zchorlau). If this specimen is part of the 'Schorl' species of tourmaline it is a member of the most common group of Tourmalines, a divalent sodium ion influenced group accounting for 95% of specimens. On assessment, it was noted that the crossed lines (XIs) of this tourmaline have been fractured and rehealed by the quartz matrix in which the tourmaline rests. This item is significant as an example of its type of gemstone and the geological processes leading to its formation. A solid medium-sized piece of Black Schoalou/Tourmaline in a cream and peach coloured quartz matrix. Existing label: Black Schoalou / Tourmaline in / quartz. / Tourmalines XIs have / been fractured and / rehealed with / quartz / C. Willman / 15/4/21 /geological specimen, geology, geology collection, burke museum, beechworth, indigo shire, north-east victoria, tourmaline, quartz, boron, crystals, minerals, gemstones, semi-precious, black schoalou, zchorlau, schorl

Fluorite comes in a variety of natural colours and crystal formations and glows under ultraviolet light (the word 'fluorescence' comes from the same etymological source). In its pure form, calcium fluoride, it is a colourless combination of the elements calcium and fluorine, but gains its colour from trace elements that infiltrate or replace calcium within its crystal structure during its formation. Although fluorite crystals polish well and can achieve a high level of lustre, the mineral is very soft (4 on MOHS hardness scale) so it is unsuitable for use in rings and must be handled and stored carefully if used in other forms of jewellery. Most crystals of the mineral are too coarse for decorative purposes but have been mined under the name fluorspar for a variety of commercial and industrial purposes. These include the production of hydrofluoric acid, smelting metal alloys, producing glazes and ceramic finishes and use in medical and dental products. An existing label for this specimen indicates that its origin or collection-point was 'probably USA.' Fluorspar, the form of fluorite used commercially and industrially, was mined in significant quantities in the counties of Hardin and Pope in South-Eastern Illinois throughout the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Fluorite was made Illinois' state mineral in recognition of its contribution to the state's identity and economy. The specimens are significant as examples of surveying activity undertaken to assess and direct the development of the mineral resource industries, as well as the movement to expand human knowledge of earth sciences such as mineralogy and geology in the nineteenth century.The specimen is a piece of purple shaded fluorite (also known as fluorspar), the mineral form of calcium fluoride. The unpolished specimen presents a dark purple interior with a substantial dark grey crust representing the matrix from which the specimen was obtained. Existing label: Flourite / (purple) / probably / USA / BB /burke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen, fluorite, flourite, calcium fluoride, hydrofluoric acid, jewellery, indigo shire, north-east victoria, mining, illinois, usa, united states, fluorine, gemstones, purple stones

Malachite is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral. It has a chemical composition of Cu2(CO3)(OH)2. It often forms within limestone where a subsurface chemical environment favourable for the formation of carbonate minerals can occur. It is a substance that can be found in many different parts of the world including: Australia, USA, Russia and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Malachite has historically been used to produce copper, with mining of the mineral dating back over a period of four thousand years. Due to its beautiful green colourations, it is also commonly used for aesthetic purposes such as in the production of sculptures and jewellery. This particular specimen was collected from the town of Burra, South Australia as part of a geological survey undertaken during the nineteenth century. The locality (located on Ngadjuri Country) has a long history of mining, particularly in copper mining, as the area is rich in copper deposits. The first significant discovery of this was made in Burra (Burra Burra Mine) in 1845 and, at the time, the mine was the largest and richest of its kind in the world, producing nearly five percent of the total world copper output. This specimen is significant as it is considered to be a rare gemstone, as many of the original deposits for the stones are significantly depleted, leaving behind very few sources. This specimen is part of a larger collection of geological and mineral specimens collected from around Australia (and some parts of the world) and donated to the Burke Museum between 1868-1880. A large percentage of these specimens were collected in Victoria as part of the Geological Survey of Victoria that begun in 1852 (in response to the Gold Rush) to study and map the geology of Victoria. Collecting geological specimens was an important part of mapping and understanding the scientific makeup of the earth. Many of these specimens were sent to research and collecting organisations across Australia, including the Burke Museum, to educate and encourage further study.A solid palm-sized copper carbonate hydroxide mineral with patterns of green colourations Existing Label: MALACHITE / Locality: Burra / S. Aust. Other Label: Confirmed / as Malachite / C. Willman / 15/4/1 / + Bill Birch burke museum, beechworth, geological, geological specimen, malachite, gemstone, green gemstone, burra, burra burra mine, burra south australia, carbonate mineral, copper, copper mining, copper mining burra, carbonate hydroxide mineral, copper carbonate, malachite mining, malachite burra, monster mine

This specimen is a native copper specimen that is metallic. Copper is typically found in the earth's crust and is often found alongside other metals such as gold, zinc, lead and silver which all belong to the same group which is the Copper/Gold group. Copper is most commonly formed from large masses of molten lava rock which has solidified in the earth's crust and over time though different sizes and speeds of crystal growth has turned into large amounts of copper, stored in porphyry copper deposits. Copper has a distinctive colour, yet can sometime appear blue and greenish which is often caused by oxidisation or a mixture of copper and other metals. This specific specimen was recovered from Moonta, South Australia. The Moonta Mining Company was established in 1861, after a Shepard in the area noticed traces of copper. This lead to a rush in the copper mining industry which was relatively young in Australia at the time, making Moonta Mining Company one of the richest in Australia. By the 1860's, South Australia had been nicknamed the "Copper Kingdom" due to its vast amount of Large copper mines and resources. As of 2016, Australia was the second largest producer of Copper internationally, following behind Chile in first place. This copper specimen is significant historically and scientifically as it is such an important metal commonly used throughout the world in various ways. Copper is an invaluable recourse used in daily life, used in most electrical appliances as it is a great conductor of heat and electricity, as well as being soft and malleable, making it easy to bend and mould into delicate sheets and wires. Copper does not corrode and is therefore used in the production of water pipes among countless other significant necessities that are often overlooked in our society. Historically, Copper holds great significance as it was the first metal used by humans. It was discovered roughly 9000 years ago and was utilised by the Neolithic Man who learnt that heating the metal made it more malleable, thus tools and utensils were made which were far superior to the previous stone tools used by humans. This history and its connection to the current and ongoing relationship between humans and copper must be preserved and highlighted as it is integral to the history of all humankind. A small, palm-sized solid native copper mineral specimen with shades of browns, black and rustic tones throughout the specimen.NATIVE (metalic) COPPER / Locality: Moonta, South Australiabeechworth, burke museum, geological specimen, native specimen, geological, mineral, mineralogy, indigo shire, beechworth museum, copper, copper ore

The A1 Gold Mine is located north of Woods Point, near Jamieson, in the Upper Goulburn region of Victoria. Gold was discovered at the A1 site in 1861 and mining operations began in 1864. The A1 Mine Settlement refers to a small township known variously as Castle Reef, Castle Point, and Raspberry Creek, which developed in the 1860s around mining industry centred on a crushing machine that worked the three gold reefs in the area. Historically, the name "A1"referred to the high quality of gold found in the quartz reefs at depths of at least two thousand feet. Along with the Morning Star mine at Woods Point, the A1 gold mine produced almost sixty percent of Victoria's gold output in the 1950s to 1970s and continued operating until 1992 when it went into administration. Operations at the site were revived in 2016 and the A1 Mine is now considered one of Victoria's premier gold mines. The A1 mine is part of the extensive and prospective Lachlan Fold Belt, a north-west trending belt of tightly folded Early Devonian sedimentary rocks extending from New South Wales to Victoria. Mineralisation is hosted within or immediately adjacent to diorite dykes. Contemporary development of the 'Queens Lode' at the A1 mine signals a move from high-grade, narrow vein airleg mining into larger scale, mechanical mining designed to increase ore production volume. This original, undated photograph of the A1 Mine appears to depict an area or phase of disuse or abandonment. The aged and humble appearance of the cottage suggests association with the historical A1 Mine Settlement, therefore the image may have been taken prior to the 1950s-1970s revival period in which the A1 mine is known to have produced high gold yields. The photograph contributes to our understanding of the A1 Gold Mine's impact on the landscape and the social, environmental impacts of mining on communities and may be compared with others in the Burke Museum's extensive collection of mining photographs to deepen our understanding of mining in the Jamieson area.Black and white rectangular photograph printed on photographic paperReverse: 5577 / A1 Mine / Near Jamieson / Vic. /burke museum, beechworth museum, beechworth, gold fields, gold rush, victorian gold rush, mining tunnels, gold ming history, colonial australia, australian gold rushes, mining technology, beechworth historic district, indigo gold trail, indigo shire, upper goulburn shire, jamieson, woods point-walhalla goldfield, a1 gold mine, victorian high country, modern mining methods, orogenic gold province, gold mineralisation, devonian, dykes

Murray's Bridge over the Diamond Creek on the Diamond Creek Trail just prior to demolition and replacement with a new steel bridge. Heritage advice obtained by Nillumbik Shire Council, following a suggestion by the Eltham District Historical Society (EDHS), is that the original bridge appears to have been a simplified version of the Country Roads Board’s (CRB) standard timber bridge design of the early-to-mid 1920s. In c1990 Murray’s bridge was renovated with three recycled steel girders as part of a bike/pedestrian path in the reserve. During these alterations many parts of the bridge were removed, and some were replaced. Heritage advice indicates the condition of Murray’s bridge is poor. The remaining original parts are all in poor condition, with severe weathering, splitting and rot, especially to the stringers retained on the bridge. Heritage advice is that Murray’s Bridge does not have sufficient significance in the cultural history of the Nillumbik area to warrant inclusion in the Nillumbik Shire Heritage Overlay and also does not have sufficient significance as a rare survivor to warrant inclusion in the Nillumbik Shire Heritage Overlay. There are no indications in the historical record that this site was individually important to the cultural history of this area. EDHS is comfortable with the heritage advice provided to Council and has worked closely on this project with Council. EDHS has suggested some of the removed timbers be used in the vicinity of the bridge for landscaping and possibly seating, so as to retain these remnants close to the site of the original bridge, which is the last old timber bridge along the lower reaches of the Diamond Creek. Mary (Sweeney) Murray and John Wright Murray selected 80 acres, Lot C Section 16 and Lot 5 Section 17 Parish of Nillumbik, under an occupation license in 1866. John died in 1867 and freehold was granted to his son John in 1873. The farm was known as ‘Laurel Hill’. John Junior was an Eltham Shire councillor and sometime president from 1887 up until 1897. He added Lot A Section 16 to the farm in ca1888. John and his younger brother James arranged to rent/purchase Lot B Section 17, across Diamond Creek to the west, in ca1900. It appears that John and James farmed separately for a few years, with a new homestead built for James ad family on the high point of Lot B Section 17 in ca1910. John sold off Lot 5 Section 17 in 1912. When John died in 1912 James took over the land on both sides of the Diamond Creek. The old homestead on the west side of the Creek disappeared. A farm bridge over Diamond Creek from this period may have been located close to the northern boundary of the farm. John Langlands, owner of the farm known as ‘Ihurst’ on the west side of Diamond Creek to the south of the Murray’s land, died in 1907. In 1909 his land was then subdivided into 100 lots to become the ‘Glen Park Estate’. Other similar subdivisions of nineteenth century farms around Eltham in this period included the ‘Franktonia (or Beard’s) Estate’ to the northeast and ‘Bonsack’s Estate’ between Eltham and Greensborough. Soon after the opening of the railway extension line from Eltham to Hurstbridge in 1912, Glen Park and nearby residents including James Murray agitated for a railway station or siding to be located half-way between Eltham and Hurstbridge, so that the Glen Park residents who used the railway daily did not have to walk into the Eltham or Hurstbridge stations. Some believed Coleman’s Corner (opposite Edendale Farm) was an appropriate spot for the platform. James Murray was among those who thought the railway should be located on his land, closer to half-way between Eltham and Hurstbridge stations. The Railways Commissioners warned that the locals would have to fund these works themselves. The Glen Park Estate residents initially had difficulty accessing Eltham by road, with only an old low-level bridge over Diamond Creek at the south end of their estate. A new timber trestle bridge across the creek, now on Wattletree Road, was opened in 1915. Road access to the north was gained in 1927 when the new Murray’s Road, which crossed the Murray’s land, was built. Residents continued to agitate for a Glen Park station. By 1926 the Railways Commissioners’ preferred site was on the Murray’s land. They arranged an estimate of cost of a full-length platform. The estimate was too much for the locals, who in 1928 argued unsuccessfully for a shorter and hence cheaper platform. By 1929 Murray had agreed to donate the land, but the locals would still have to fund the works. Murray decided, unilaterally it would appear, to commence work on a timber trestle road bridge over Diamond Creek to link the new Murray Road to the proposed station. Late in 1929 he stopped work on the bridge, for reasons unknown, but started work again and completed the bridge in 1931. There is no further newspaper evidence of the campaign for the Glen Park station until 1939, when Murray and another local, Mr Maxwell, met the Railways Commissioner. The Glen Park locale now included 45 homes on the west side of the creek and 20 on the Eltham side. Most of the residents used the train every day. The Commissioner remained adamant that only a full-length platform could be built for safety reasons. It appears the campaign dissolved at this point. The increasing move to cars may have had an impact. There is no evidence of Murray’s bridge ever being connected to Murray’s Road, or of it having wide use for any purpose by locals. James Murray died in 1947 and the farm was taken over by his son James (Jim). Jim started to sell off parts of the farm in the 1980s, retaining a few acres around the ca1910 homestead and building a new house there. Recreation reserves were established along the creek. In ca1990 Murray’s bridge was renovated with steel girders as part of a bike/pedestrian path in the reserve. The old farmhouse was demolished in ca2014. * * * A theory posted on local community Facebook groups was that the bridge was built in the 1860s and was built to be more robust than was necessary for the movement of cows from one side of the creek to the other. It was suggested the robustness was necessary to support the weight of gold ore being transferred from a mine on Murray’s land to a railway siding near Murrays Bridge (presumably for transfer and processing at Diamond Creek). Perhaps this may have been one of the motivators for Murray, who really knows? Knowing when mining operations ceased on his land and how that fits the overall timeline would be useful but at the time the bridge was built, local gold production was minimal at best. The known facts are: • The railway line came to Eltham in 1902. • The extension of the railway from Eltham to Hurstbridge was constructed in 1912 so no railway line even existed through Murray's property until 1912 and the Victorian Railways maps at the time show no such siding on Murray’s property. • In 1923 a new company was formed in anticipation of the old Diamond Creek Gold Mine being re-opened. The mine had been previously closed and flooded. It was noted in the press at the time that the mine was within a mile of the railway. Nothing really came of this. • Construction of Murrays Bridge was commenced by James Murray in early 1929 in anticipation of a proposed flag station being nominated on his land, but work ceased shortly afterwards. The proposed flag station was commonly referred to as Glen Park as the residents of the Glen Park Estate wanted Option 1, located near them with the platform adjacent to Colemans corner. This was probably never going to fly as it was virtually in eyesight of Eltham station. Allandale Road was the third option, but the Commissioners' preferred option was No. 2 - on Murray's property. • The Railway Commissioners were not going to finance any such station and the works had to be funded by private landowners and residents, hence Murray investing in this himself. • Murray recommenced work two years later and finished his bridge in 1931 but unfortunately for him, the proposed flag station never eventuated. The bluestone siding you reference may well have been built by Murray as part of the proposed station platform. • Up until then, apart from the Main Road bridge, which was washed away in 1924, virtually all local crossings over the Diamond Creek were low lying bridges – Kaylocks Bridge at Brougham Street, Diamond Street bridge, Glen Park Road bridge. It is expected that Murray also had a low-lying bridge to connect his land either side of the creek. These were all washed away or severely damaged multiple times in the 1920s. Lessons were learnt, and Murrays Bridge appears to have been built in accordance with Country Road Board standards of the time. Flood damage was ongoing, and even more recently constructed raised bridges kept getting washed away, e.g., the new Wattle Tree Road bridge in 1958 just months after completion. Murray’s bridge was reinforced with steel some 30 years ago presumably to provide additional floodwater resistance, given the history of bridges disappearing in floodwaters. • In March 1932 it was reported in the Advertiser that there were still some prospectors operating around Eltham North who apart from further scarring the face of the earth over the previous two years had gained significant experience but little gold - hardly a driving factor for constructing a dedicated railway siding and bridge to transfer gold ore. It is far more probable that James Murray was hoping to have the railway station located on his property and invested his money by building the bridge to lead to it as well as a station platform. Had the station eventuated, it may well have driven up the value of his land for subdivision and new housing estates like the Glen Park Estate. That did not eventuate. Whilst the bridge was indeed old (90 years), the core structure being completed in 1931, it had been modified substantially from original and hence had no significant historic value – i.e., it was not a representative example of its type, construction, and age. Given that the bridge was not worthy of saving, the Eltham District Historical Society with Council’s support, and the Eltham Woodworkers group endeavoured to see what suitable sized timbers were salvageable to fabricate a commemorative seat. Unfortunately, the experts at the Woodworkers group were unable to salvage any suitable length/width timbers to fabricate the seat due to the presence of rot. Last remaining wooden trestle bridge on the Diamond Creek Trail just prior to demolition and replacementBorn digital image (27)diamond creek (creek), diamond creek trail, murrays bridge, ‘laurel hill’, john wright murray, mary (sweeney) murra, john murray jnr, james murray, john langlands, ‘ihurst’, ‘glen park estate’, beard's estate, franktonia, bonsack's estate, glen park estate, glen park railway station

Red hard cloth covered book of 115 pages. INcludes contentsnon-fictionAustralia is included in the index as follows. Australiasian Gold Production Silver production Australia Antimony Gold Lead production Manganese opals mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +

Red hard cloth covered book of 932 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones

Red hard cloth covered book of 589 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends

Red hard cloth covered book of 589 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum

Red hard cloth covered book of 877 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum

Red hard cloth covered book of 995 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum

Red hard cloth covered book of 1090 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum

Red hard cloth covered book of 1010 pages. Includes contents and index.non-fictionThis volume includes Australasia, and lists each state seperately , as well as New Zealand, It also lists Bismoth, Chome iron ore, coal, copper, gold, lead, mineral industry growth, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, gold, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver, silver-lead, tin and zinc mining, statistics, technology, trades, metal industry, minerals, united states, canada, china, france, germany, italy, japan, russia, south america, spain, sweden, united kingdom, ireland, coins, cuba, blast furnaces, gold, lead production, manganese, opals, silver, +, alumite, antinomy, cobalt, coke, copper ore, iron, lead, limestone flux, managanese, shale, silver-lead, tin, zinc, abrasives, chemical industry, gems, precious stones, dividends, akalies, salt, earthernware, glass, petroleum