Drawing - red ink drawn on a print showing an extension to the single track, Maribyrnong tram line to run further into the Explosives Factory. Original print from the Commonwealth of Australia, Dept of Munitions, Factory Board drawing number W-1163 titled "Explosives - Munitions Supply Laboratories Proof at Rest - Maribyrnong" and dated April 1933. Marked in red ink is a "Explosive Factory Cordite Ave - Proposed Tramway Extension shown red". Not dated, possibly early 1940's. Also has pencil markings around the terminus showing an alternative loop.In blue pencil both edges on the rear "Cordite Ave" and in pencil on rear "Copy to Mr ?? to file"trams, tramways, footscray, maribyrnong, new tramway, explosives factory

Digital PDF filenon-fictionForeward by Roger Lough Chief Defence Scientist This book celebrates 100 years of defence science in Australia, beginning with the role of Cecil Napier Hake in investigating the feasibility of establishing a cordite factory in this country. From those early days defence science has undergone many changes, reflecting that the nature of warfare itself has changed radically since Hake developed safety standards for handling cordite and went on to establish the first defence laboratory in Victoria.cordite factory, maribyrnong, maribyrnong explosive factory

Cordite Wagon - 18½-inch (460mm) gauge wagons came from the Commonwealth Explosives factory at Maribyrnong in Melbourne’s western suburbs. Both have gun-metal wheels, as avoiding sparks was understandably a priority in an explosives factory. Both wagons also have water tanks to drip water on the wheels as an added precaution. Cordite, an explosive used in artillery, was manufactured and pressed into thin sheets, which still contained a quantity of acetone solvent from the manufacturing process. The sheets of cordite were laid in racks of perforated trays in the cordite wagons, which were hand-pushed to the cordite drying-house where the trucks were coupled together in rakes and warm air was blown through them. The acetone, being very volatile, was evaporated out of the cordite and recovered to be re-used in the manufacturing process. Historic - Industrial Narrow Gauge Railway - Commonwealth Explosives factory, Maribyrnong, Victoria, AustraliaCordite Wagon - Rectangular yellow wagon made of wood and brass with aluminium traysThe number 77 is on the endspuffing billy, wooden wagon, 18½-inch gauge, explosives, maribyrnong cordite factory, maribyrnong explosives factory, puffing billy museum, industrial narrow gauge railway

These photographs appear to come from an exhibition as they were mounted on a larger card. The photographs appeared to have been torned off a larger sheet. The damaged area of the sheets have been trimmed off3866.01 - Australian Defense Industries - Maribyrnong Explosive Factory Cordite Avenue Entrance Opposite Wests Road Maribyrnong 3866.02 - Australian Defense Industries - Maribyrnong Explosive Factory Main Entrance Cordite Avenue Maribyrnong 3866.03 - Australian Defense Industries - Ammunition Factory Gordon Street Footscray 3866.04 - Australian Defense Industries - Maribyrnong Immigration Detention Centre Williamsons Road Maribyrnong 3866.05 - Australian Defense Industries - Victoria Barracks North Gate St. Kilda Road Melbourne 3866.06 - Australian Defense Industries - Victoria Barracks South Gate St. Kilda Road Melbourne 3866.07 - Australian Defense Industries - Victoria Barracks Wells Street Entrance 3866.08 - Australian Defense Industries - Victoria Barracks Defence Signals St. Kilda Road Melbourne 3866.09 - Australian Defense Industries - Government Aircraft Factory Lorimer Street Fishermans Bend 3866.10 - Australian Defense Industries - Aeronautical Research Labs Lorimer Street Fishermens Bend 3866.11 - Australian Defense Industries - Defence Centre 350 St. Kilda Road Melbourneaustralian defense industries, adi, maribyrnong explosive factory, footscray ammunition factory, maribyrnong immigration detention

The Albion Explosives Factory was a major WWII-era munitions site in Sunshine, Victoria, operating from 1939 to 1986. Its legacy includes the Black Powder Mill, now a heritage landmark. War Time History - Established in 1939–40 in response to the looming threat of war in Europe. - Located in North Albion, opposite the ICIANZ chemical plant, which also helped design and operate the facility. - Initially known as Munitions Annexe No. 5, it became the Albion Explosives Factory, producing cordite, TNT, nitroglycerine, nitric acid, and other propellants for small arms and artillery. - By 1942–45, it was one of Australia’s three primary military explosives factories, employing thousands and contributing significantly to the war effort. Post War Time History - Continued production of explosives and fertilizers for commercial use after WWII. - Expanded in 1947–49 with the addition of the RDX plant north of Furlong Road. - Introduced new technologies like synthetic ammonia, DNT, and continuous TNT production through the 1950s–60s. Closure and Environmental Remediation - Closed in 1986, followed by extensive decontamination and cleanup. - The site was heavily contaminated with TNT, DNT, nitrates, ammonia, and metals, requiring years of environmental audits and remediation. - Eventually redeveloped into a housing estate and shopping complex, transforming the industrial site into a suburban community. A Blast from the Past Albion Explosive Factoryalbion explosive factory, deer park, cairnlea

The Albion Explosives Factory was a major WWII-era munitions site in Sunshine, Victoria, operating from 1939 to 1986. Its legacy includes the Black Powder Mill, now a heritage landmark. War Time History - Established in 1939–40 in response to the looming threat of war in Europe. - Located in North Albion, opposite the ICIANZ chemical plant, which also helped design and operate the facility. - Initially known as Munitions Annexe No. 5, it became the Albion Explosives Factory, producing cordite, TNT, nitroglycerine, nitric acid, and other propellants for small arms and artillery. - By 1942–45, it was one of Australia’s three primary military explosives factories, employing thousands and contributing significantly to the war effort. Post War Time History - Continued production of explosives and fertilizers for commercial use after WWII. - Expanded in 1947–49 with the addition of the RDX plant north of Furlong Road. - Introduced new technologies like synthetic ammonia, DNT, and continuous TNT production through the 1950s–60s. Closure and Environmental Remediation - Closed in 1986, followed by extensive decontamination and cleanup. - The site was heavily contaminated with TNT, DNT, nitrates, ammonia, and metals, requiring years of environmental audits and remediation. - Eventually redeveloped into a housing estate and shopping complex, transforming the industrial site into a suburban community. A Blast from the Past Albion Explosive Factoryalbion explosive factory, deer park, cairnlea

The Albion Explosives Factory was a major WWII-era munitions site in Sunshine, Victoria, operating from 1939 to 1986. Its legacy includes the Black Powder Mill, now a heritage landmark. War Time History - Established in 1939–40 in response to the looming threat of war in Europe. - Located in North Albion, opposite the ICIANZ chemical plant, which also helped design and operate the facility. - Initially known as Munitions Annexe No. 5, it became the Albion Explosives Factory, producing cordite, TNT, nitroglycerine, nitric acid, and other propellants for small arms and artillery. - By 1942–45, it was one of Australia’s three primary military explosives factories, employing thousands and contributing significantly to the war effort. Post War Time History - Continued production of explosives and fertilizers for commercial use after WWII. - Expanded in 1947–49 with the addition of the RDX plant north of Furlong Road. - Introduced new technologies like synthetic ammonia, DNT, and continuous TNT production through the 1950s–60s. Closure and Environmental Remediation - Closed in 1986, followed by extensive decontamination and cleanup. - The site was heavily contaminated with TNT, DNT, nitrates, ammonia, and metals, requiring years of environmental audits and remediation. - Eventually redeveloped into a housing estate and shopping complex, transforming the industrial site into a suburban community. A Blast from the Past Albion Explosive Factoryalbion explosive factory, deer park, cairnlea

These shell cases were donated along with other items from the St Nicholas' Mission to Seamen's Church at 139 Nelson Place, Williamstown, Victoria. The Church was operated by the Mission to Seamen organisation. The symbol of the broad arrow on the base of the shell case signifies that it was owned by the Australian Army. The dates of the shell cases - 1940 and 1941 - link the shell cases with World War II. Both cases' headstamps have "N", which could indicate that they were made for use by the Navy. Shell Case 1298.01: The headstamp code on the label "MEC" means that it was made by the Explosives Factory Maribyrnong - Cordite Annexe, Maribyrnong, Melbourne, which made cordite propellant for cartridges and shells. Shell Case 1298.02: The headstamp "MF" indicates it was made by the Small Arms Manufacturing Factory in Footscray, Melbourne, and the stamped year was 1941. THE MISSIONS TO SEAMEN (Brief History): - The Missions to Seamen was an Anglican charity that has served seafarers of the world since 1856 in Great Britain. Its symbol is a Flying Angel, inspired by a Bible verse. Today, there are centres in over 200 ports worldwide where seamen of all backgrounds are offered a warm welcome and provided with a wide range of facilities. In Victoria, the organisation began in Williamstown in 1857 as a Sailors’ Church, also known as ‘Bethel’ or the ‘Floating Church’ in an old hulk floating in Hobson’s Bay, Port of Melbourne. It soon became part of the Missions to Seamen, Victoria. In the year 2000, the organisation, now named Mission to Seafarers, still operated locally in Melbourne, Portland, Geelong and Hastings. The Ladies’ Harbour Lights Guild was formed in 1906 to support the Missions to Seamen in Melbourne and other centres, such as Williamstown. Two of the most significant ladies of the Guild were founder Ethel Augusta Godfrey and foundation member Alice Sibthorpe Tracy (who established a branch of the Guild in Warrnambool in 1920). The Guild continued its work until the 1960s. In 1943, a former Williamstown bank was purchased for the Missions to Seaman Club. The chapel was named St Nicholas’ Seamen’s Church and was supported by the Ladies’ Harbour Lights Guild, the Williamstown Lightkeepers’ Auxiliary and the League of Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Friends. It ceased operation in 1966. A Missions to Seamen Chapel and Recreation Room was a significant feature of ports during the late 1800s and into the 1900s. It seemed appropriate for Flagstaff Hill to include such a representation within the new Maritime Village, so the Melbourne Board of Management of Missions to Seamen Victoria gave its permission on 21st May 1979 for the entire furnishings of the Williamstown chapel to be transferred to Flagstaff Hill. The St Nicholas Seamen’s Church was officially opened on October 11, 1981, and closely resembles the Williamstown chapel. These shell cases are significant for their relationship with the Australian Army in general and in particular with the defence of Australia during World War II. The may have also been made for the Navy. Their significance is increased by their association with the Williamstown Missions To Seamen, which donated them to Flagstaff Hill in 1979, an organisation that has supported seafarers for many years.Shell case: two brass 4" rimmed shell cases with headstamps (inscriptions) on the base plate around the firing pin three holes evenly spaced around the centre of the base. A label is attached to one shell. The shell cases are part of the St. Nicholas Seamen's Church Collection. Shell Case 1298.01 - Printed stamp “P.2BT” “M.E.C.111” “I.E. 10/43”. Stamped into base “N”, “1940” “W [within lozenge]”, “S” symbol [Australian Government Arrow] “360“ . Around firing pin “MF I 422” “ME” “II” “4 I N” “5-“ ”MF [within rectangle]” “f” “B – [within circle]”, Shell Case 1298.02 - headstamp “N 1941 MF / F symbol [square box] LOT 679”, [in oval] 101 / 4 / S /U2) M GUNS 7 “, symbol [Australian Government Arrow], Stencil [in red circle] “B J”, symbol [Diamond with line top to bottom] Stamped in red ink “R5G 11 1 2B7”flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked-coast, flagstaff-hill, flagstaff-hill-maritime-museum, maritime-museum, shipwreck-coast, flagstaff-hill-maritime-village, munitions, shell case, ammunition 1940, ammunition 1941, firearms, cannon, australian government, borad arrow, australian army, wwii, world war 2, australian defence, australian ordinance, small arms manufacturing factory, explosives factory maribyrnong, cordite, world war ii, ww2, 1940, 1941, defence, n headstamp, footscray

Nobel Industries Limited was founded in 1870 by Swedish chemist and industrialist Alfred Nobel for the production of the new explosive dynamite in the United Kingdom. Ardeer, on the coast at Ayrshire, was chosen for the company's first factory. Between 1877 amd 1926 it was known as Nobel’s Explosives Company Limited. The business later diversified into the production of blasting gelatine, gelignite, ballistite, guncotton, and cordite. At its peak, the factory employed nearly 13,000 men and women. In 1926, the firm merged with Brunner, Mond & Company, the United Alkali Company, and the British Dyestuffs Corporation, creating a new group, Imperial Chemical Industries, then one of Britain's largest firms. Nobel Industries continued as the ICI Nobel division of the company. Small black timber box with small screw holding back on, and leather handle on top. A pivoted needle remains vertical as box angle changes. Graded scale behing top end of needle. Two adjusting points at top.No 10070nobel, ballarat school of mines, scientific instruments, galvanometer

Digital image of T class 181 in Wests Road Maribyrnong at the junction with Raleigh Road and Cordite Ave. The destination sign set at Pyrotechnic Factory with is behind the tram at the Williamston Road terminus. It shows a former connection that allowed trams from Williamson Road to turn to go the Explosives Factory. The Essendon Drive In theatre screen is behind the tram. Photo used in a detailed article on the Wartime tramways that appeared in the June 2018 issue of Bellcord. Photo provided Ron Scholten from his slide collection.trams, tramways, west maribyrnong, world war 2, t class, explosives factory, t class, pyrotechnic factory, tram 181

Set of 8 negatives of X1 class tram on services on the Footscray operated routes. 1. B&W negative of tram X1 468 in Ballarat Road Footscray. Tram has destination Explosives Factory. Driver stepping down from cab and passenger walking from tram to kerb. 2. B&W negative of tram X1 468 in Ballarat Road at Gordon Street Footscray. Tram has destination Railway Station. Tram shelter shown in front of Powell Hotel. 3. B&W negative of tram X1 468 in Gordon Street Footscray. Tram has destination Railway Station. Tram is shown at corner of River Street on wrong side of road, so appears to be ready for shunting. 4. B&W negative of tram X1 468 at Ordnance Factory West Maribyrnong. Tram has destination Ordnance Factory. W2 454 is in background. 5. B&W negative of tram X1 468 in River Street Maidstone. Tram has destination Explosives Factory. The Maribyrnong Secondary College is in the left of the photo. 6. B&W negative of tram X1 468 in Cordite Avenue West Maribyrnong. Tram has destination Explosives Factory. Tram is shunting. 7. B&W negative of tram X1 468 in Somerville Road, Footscray. Tram has destination Russell St. Tram is shown with driver and female conductor posing for photographer. Note this one-man tram is being crewed by both a driver and conductor. 8. B&W negative of tram X1 468 at Ordnance Factory West Maribyrnong. Tram has destination Explosives Factory. 2nd unidentified Tram is shown in background. Female conductor walking the trolley pole around. NOTE: - dates are not as marked on some photo envelopes recorded below as the Footscray closed March 1961.Yields information about Footscray tram services operated by X1 468 during 1960.Set of 8 negatives in paper folders.1. Paper folder that contained the negative had "NR30A" written in red ink, "F9" written in pencil, "20A" written in blue ink, and date stamped 11 Jun 1960. On rear, dates stamped 26 Sep 1962 (twice). 2. Paper folder that contained the negative had "NR36A" written in red ink, "F8" in pencil, "26A" in blue ink, and date stamped 11 Jun 1960. On rear, dates stamped 26 Sep 1962 and 6 Oct 1962. 3. Paper folder that contained the negative had "NR47A" written in red ink, "F10" in pencil, "37A" in blue ink, and date stamped 23 Sep 1961. 4. Paper folder that contained the negative had "NR32A" written in red ink, "F14" in pencil, "22A" in blue ink, and date stamped 11 Jun 1960. On rear, dates stamped 26 Sep 1962 and 6 Oct 1962. 5. Paper folder that contained the negative had "NR54A" written in red ink, "F15" written in pencil, "44A" written in blue ink, and date stamped 28 Sep 1961. On rear, dates stamped 26 Sep 1962 and 6 Oct 1962. 6. Paper folder that contained the negative had "NR56A" written in red ink, "F13" in pencil, "46A" in blue ink, and date stamped 28 Sep 1961.2. 7. Paper folder that contained the negative had "NR64A" and "NR105A" written in red ink, "F11" in pencil, "64A" in green ink, and date stamped 1 Jan 1963. On rear, date stamped 26 Sep 1962. 8. Paper folder that contained the negative had "NR62A" written in red ink, "F12" in pencil, "52A" in blue ink, "damaged" in purple ink, and date stamped 11 Jun 1960.trams, tramways, x1 class, footscray, gordon st, ordnance factory, trolley poles, crews, drivers, conductors, tram 468, tram 454, conductresses, m&mtb uniform, ballarat road, somerville road, w2 class