Possibly used for catching freshwater crayfish or yabbies, nearby in the Goulburn River or other waterways. of critical significanceHOMEMADE WIRE TRAPS x 2. Made from chicken wire. Iron bands supported by green timber lengths. Wire handles with metal spike probably for securing trap to bank/ ground.fishing, food

23.0 x 14.0cms, 938 pp. b/w illust dust jacketnon-fictionArgues that Australia's Indigenous people discovered the land, adapted it and mastered its climates, seasons & reserves.habitation - nomadism., demography - palaeodemography - aboriginal settlement of australia., reproduction - infanticide., feuds and warfare., hunting, gathering and fishing., food - plants., trade and exchange - trade routes., australiens (aborign̈es), aborigines, australian -- social life and customs., aboriginal australians -- social life and customs -- northern territory., aboriginal australians -- history., aboriginal australians -- culture -- history., aboriginal australians -- civilization -- history., aboriginal australians -- economic conditions -- history., aboriginal australians -- social life and customs., human ecology -- australia., aboriginal australians., aborigines., australiens (aborigènes), australien., australia -- history., lake mungo /​ walls of china (willandra sw nsw si54-08), tasmania (tas), australia - aborigines, book

“A silver-grey robe, denoting a powerful official. The Netleader, or Netmaster, as he is sometimes called is head of one of the many craft guilds on Nrat-Tuan. Fishers Guilds are not only vital economic groups for Nrat-Tuan, but also for the whole Imperium, since the water planet is the major source of foodstuffs for Irusaqu, who cannot produce enough crops on what Is a relatively barren, planet. The various fishing crafts are most responsible occupations, entailing great care for the environment and the food chains. Fishing is carried out by means of either mirrors or nets, both being about equally popular. Mirror-faceted fabrics have always been used by Nrati-Tuan fishermen to dazzle and bemuse the creatures they are trying to catch, (the mirror may also have some predictive power). Research indicates that this odd technique is surprisingly effective. And the harvests are unfailingly good. Contact with the humans of Irusag, when the Imperium was first founded, brought the technique of netting to Nrat-Tuan. The Netleader heads the Netter Guild, which does not limit itself to the merely traditional fishing net, but works with a complex and sophisticated membrane technology, which has, in recent years, revolutionised the whole netting industry. The Master controls the experimental membrane laboratories, which deal with the extraction of metals from sea water, as well as with tools for the fishing industry.” -Inga Hunter

Contents: p.1-3; Origins, arrival in Australia; p.4-9; How they lived - camp sites, dating (including carbon dating); p.10-27; Physical appearance, skin colour, hair, clothing, body ornaments, cicatrization; exchange system, distribution of food, marriage &? sexual relations; the tribe - structure, relationship to land, territory, gives map showing locations of tribes, New South Wales, Victoria &? eastern South Australia, leadership, government, division of labour, status of women, estimated population at white settlement, density of population (Victoria); p.28-31; Language - names &? naming, reproduces Wembawemba vocabulary, notes use of secret languages, gives 12 rules for pronounciation; p.32-53; Religion, spirit beliefs, totemism, moieties, phratries, marriage rules; mythology, gives eaglehawk &? crow myth from Lake Victoria &? other myths illustrating origins of fire &? natural rock formations, mythical beasts (Bunyip, Mindie), stellar beliefs; magic, medicine men, powers, native remedies for sickness, describes ceremony held in Melbourne, 1847 to avert evil, sorcery, pointing bone, love magic, rain makers; messengers, appearance, etiquette, message sticks; p.54-71; Rock art, motifs, colours, decorative art, engraving of utensils, rock engravings, manufacture &? use of pigments, engraving techniques; trade system, objects bartered, meeting places for trade (Victoria), map shows possible routes (south east Australia); corroborees, purpose, body ornaments &? decorations, musical instruments; p.72-93; Ceremonial life, marriage, punishment for infidelity, birth, childhood, games &? amusements, initiation, etiquette of visiting tribes, details of ceremony, womens role, earth figures &? ground designs, bull roarers, female puberty ceremonies; p.94-133; Shelters, fire making, cooking, construction of canoes, wooden implements, use of reeds, animal skins &? sinews, shells; stone tools, cylindro conical stones, scrapers, knives &? microliths; hunting weapons, spear, other methods pits, nets; fishing methods &? spears, traps; food sharing, womens responsibilities for collecting, digging stick, cooking methods, insect foods, plant foods, water resources; manufacture &? use of spears, spear throwers, shields, clubs, boomerangs; inter- &? intratribal fighting; p.134-147; Death, disposal of body - eating of the dead, burial, cremation, platform exposure, dendroglyphs (N.S.W.), Aboriginal burial grounds (Darling &? Murray Rivers), mourning, widowhood, kopi caps (N.S.W.), causes of death, inquest ceremonies, revenge expedition, after death beliefs; p.148-157; The end of the tribes white settlement &? its impact on Aboriginal life, friction between natives &? settlers, establishment of Protectorates; copiously illustrated throughout.maps, b&w illustrations, b&w photographswemba wemba, murray river, darling river, lake victoria

Flies are plentiful and a problem especially in Australia's summer. Farms were a breeding ground for flies that bred in cow manure. Fly-wire was used to keep flies away from food as well as light cloth covers. Farmers could use this sieve to fill with sand etc. to sort the sizes and also to use for eg. wheat to sort the grain. Yabbies are trapped in the creek or river by leaving food in the net for the yabby to crawl into.Food covers were used by residents of the Kiewa Valley especially as many of them were dairy farmers. Farmers often made their own tools for a purpose such as sieving or for the family catching yabbies to eat or for fun.Tall triangular steel fly wire cover with a steel handle and frame. or The frame can be held in order to fill the sieve or to empty it. or the frame can hold bait for yabbiesfood cover, fly-wire, flies, sieve, handmade tool

This bamboo fishing rod was used in the mid to late 1900's and demonstrates that local production of recreational fishing poles was at a high level and their demand was high. Imported recreational sporting goods from either the United Kingdom, the United States of America or Asia countries was due to the larger lead up times from these suppliers and the greater import costs from slower ocean supply ships. It was only after World War II that the trade influx from other countries has supplied cheaper goods. This recreational fishing pole is highly significant to the Kiewa Valley as it demonstrates that recreational fishing has been evolved from the need to supply a balanced diet by the early pioneer families of fish from the major Kiewa rivers. The ability of the Kiewa Valley rivers to provide a good fishing environment (high protein diet) for both early indigenous families and early pioneers was the important food source that provided for a balanced diet and the higher level of nutritious development of both body and mind. This two piece wooden fishing Rod is made from bamboo shafts or poles, one length thicker than the other. The smaller diameter shaft is the top end and fits into the longer thicker shaft at a stainless steel tube end.The smaller shaft has a stainless steel reinforcement ring where both shafts fit together. At the bottom end of the thick shaft is a black rubber "stopper" or "foot". There are two stainless steel rings, each with a reel holding "bulge" which allows for the the reel's "prongs" to be secured. The top ring has a greater diameter allowing it to move up and down the shaft/pole to secure the top "prong" firmly onto the shaft/pole.recreation, river, rod, fishing, industry, fish

These reels where used by a local family in catching Murray Cod and trout in the Kiewa Rivers and Murray River. This old Pilot side cast fishing reel was made in the late 20's & early 30's They were used in the mid 1950s. Although the original inhabitants (Aborigine tribe) would have used spears for fishing the use of reels and rods by non indigenous fisher persons are also very effective especially if raised in the valley.These items are significant because they demonstrate the harvesting of fish from valley rivers and streams is one of continuation from the first human habitation of this region. The ability to harvest the natural food source of the valley's rivers and streams has come from earlier survival requirement to one of recreational pleasure. Brass & Wooden Frame Side Casting Fishing Reel. This reel has 2 winding bakelite handles.Pilot, Tag states W. Davies Please return.recreation, river, kiewa, fishing, industry, reel, side, casting, davies

A coolamon is an Indigenous Australian carrying vessel. It is a multi-purpose shallow vessel, or dish with curved sides, ranging in length from 30–70 cm, and similar in shape to a canoe. Coolamons or pitchis were traditionally used by Aboriginal women to carry water, fruits, nuts, as well as to cradle babies. The necessary tools and equipment for hunting, fishing and warfare were one of the very few items that Aboriginals carried with them from place to place. Most were used for a multiplicity of purposes. Because many were made from raw natural materials, such as wood, generally only partial remains are found today. This container is an example of an implement used by the early Indigenous people of Eastern Australia.A large shallow elongated hand-made wooden receptacle used by Australian aborigines as a container for food and drink or for carrying babies.pitchi coolamon aboriginal container

Wall calendar from 1962. Main picture of a man and two boys out fishing. One of the boy has just caught a large fish, a dog is walking next to him. The picture is signed J.F. Kernan. With compliments of the Bendigo Preserving Co. Ltd. Garsed Street. P.O. Box 43 Bendigo Phone 3-0571. Manufacturers of high class food products: sweet mustard pickles, jams, tomato products, canned fruits and chutney. Interstate and local suppliers.business, retail, bendigo preserving co.

Board displaying 22 items. Items appear to be related to rescue and may belong together in a kit. Items are canvas, line and floatable, torch, Survival at Sea book (Transport and Communication), Pains-Wessex Flare, 3 1/2 C jug, Seven Oceans Drinking water sachet, plastic bags, Marine Lifesaving rations, whistle, rubber item, table spoon measurement cup, can opener, can of Drinking Water (S-HP Foods LTD), sponge, Emergency Repair kit, two foam cones, pump, Ultraplast elastic adhesive dreessing, Quick WELLS tablets, Fishing tackle, Fluorescent oragne tarp, associated photograph of ten people in a life boat. Many items are screwed onto the board.resuce kit

The historic Victorian ‘couta boat “Viator” was built by renowned boat builder J.R. Jones of Williamstown in Melbourne, between 1890 and 1920. He was one of the early builders of this design. The features of Viator - carvel planked, open cockpit, vertical stem and straight keel, single mast and a pivoting centreboard - are all characteristics of an early Bass Strait ‘couta boat. This has been confirmed by experienced Victorian ‘couta boat restorer Tim Phillips. Viator served as a ‘couta fishing boat in the Warrnambool area until the mid-1930s, then some say she served as a mail ferry across to Portland. Later it was used as a fishing and recreation boat for local families. For years Viator sat in a paddock in East Warrnambool until purchased in 1975 and donated to Flagstaff Hill. ‘COUTA BOATS - The ‘couta design for vessels is believed to have originated at Port Phillip, Victoria, for the purpose of the Barracouta (‘couta) fishing industry, being both fast and seaworthy. , The 'couta fish was an important food fish in Australian waters, supplying Melbourne with plenty of inexpensive fish. VIATORY’S OWNERS - Some of Viator’s history is known: - 1940, registered Port Fairy and owned by G.J. Richards. - 1941-1945, registered in Port Fairy and owned by Jens “Peter” Petersen. - 1950’s “Brusher” Richards of Warrnambool and Port Fairy used it for fishing. - Peter Watson and his son also went fishing in Viator. - Frank Ferrier, boat builder, was an owner (son of ‘La Bella’ hero, William Ferrier) - Arthur Rogers owned Viator too, then sold it to Terry Pridmore and Wayne Moorefield - The Viator was stored in a paddock, unused, in Fairmont Avenue, Warrnambool, where it was gradually deteriorating. - 1975 Viator was purchase at a very reasonable price from Pridmore, then donated to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village. RESTORATION - Shipwright Erik Mikkelsen soon started restoration on the Viator after it arrived at Flagstaff Hill in 1975. In 2006 the Maritime Museums of Australia awarded a grant to Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village to assist with the restoration and renovation of the Viator. Its restoration continues today in the care of Flagstaff Hill’s boat builder. J R. JONES - boat builder The photograph of the EVA MYRL shows the builder J R Jones with his team of workers. The other photograph shows a vessel built by J R Jones' son, J B Jones of Footscray, and his team of boat boulders. The photograph of the EVA MYRL was taken by E. A. Dond---. The other photograph is of the Sturrock Coot, taken a Albert Park Lake in St Kilda.The Viator is the most significant boat in the Flagstaff Hill's fleet, being the last remaining local 'couta boat and one of few existing examples of this craft. Viator received Heritage status with the Australian Maritime Museums Council and is listed on the Australian Register of Historical Vessels in 2006 (ARHV Number: HV000561). Viator was built in Victoria in the early days by renowned boat builder J.R. Jones, and sailed by fishermen for many years, both local and on the coastal waters of Victoria, and was possibly used for the mail service. It is significant for being used for the fishing trade, for government service, perhaps as a mail boat, and for recreation by local families.Vessel, the ‘Viator’, an historic Victorian ‘couta boat, handmade by renowned boat builder This J.R. Jones 'couta boat, the Viator, was built in Williamstown, c.1890-1920. The single mast vessel has a Caravel hull built from New Zealand Kauri, blackwood, with a red gum keel and a jarrah stem and stern. It has a pivoting centreboard. Two photographs are included; one of the builder with his team, the other is of his son J B Jones, with his team. Marked "Viator" Photograph 1759.2: "E. A. Dond---" (indecipherable". Handwritten on back "Grandfather / J R Jones / Built" Photograph 1759.3; sign within photograph "J B JONES / BUILDER / FOOTSCRAY", stamped in the card, bottom right " ----- / MELBOURNE" and handwritten on the back "I think this is Mr Abel Sturrock Coot Albert Park Lake"flagstaff hill, warrnambool, shipwrecked coast, flagstaff hill maritime museum, maritime museum, shipwreck coast, flagstaff hill maritime village, great ocean road, arhv hv000561, arthur rogers, bass strait ‘couta boat, “brusher” richards of warrnambool and port fairy, clinker hull boat, ‘couta crafted boat c 1890-1905, ‘couta fishing boat, erik mikkelsen shipwright, g.j. richards of port fairy, jens “peter” petersen, john lindsay, old mail boat, pivoting centerboard boat, peter watson, single-masted ketch, terry prodmore and wayne moorefield, vessel viator, viator a historical vessel, victorian ‘couta boat, victorian barracoota boat, warrnambool ‘couta boat, western victoria fishing boat, western victoria mail boat, hv000561, australian register of historical vessels, erik mikkelsen, j b jones, j b jones boat builder, footscray, sturrock coot, sturrock, j r jones, j r jones boat builder, williamstown, eva myrl

A small book of 88 pages with green binding featuring a photo of Ned Monte on the cover. It includes a map of the Siam-Burma Railway 1942-1945non-fictionIn this memoir Edward Rupert (Ned) Monte reflects on his early life. He begins with memories of his father William Monte who was a timber getter and champion axeman. Ned tells of his childhood and schooling at Bonegilla where he earned much needed pocket money catching Murray Cod to sell at hotels and boarding houses as well as rabbits for their skins and to feed the family. Ned worked in the motor business in Albury before joining the Army in 1941. He was taken prisoner in Singapore and spent 3½ years on the Burma Railway. Ned’s account of these years is matter-of-fact, but does not understate the awful conditions the POWs endured. He mentions many times the courage and risks taken to get additional items of food. Ned also acknowledged the help given by the local people in Thailand who traded food and medicines in spite of Japanese threats. Before leaving Singapore, Ned located 16 Albury boys among the POWs. One of his sad tasks when he returned in 1946, was to visit families and recount how their sons died. When Ned returned to Albury, his brother-in-law, Ern Bleasdale took him trout fishing for a week near Mitta Mitta. That week in the bush was the start of Ned’s rehabilitation. However, the trauma of his years of captivity never completely left him. This book is dedicated to all surviving Prisoners of War.ned monte, prisoners of war, bonegila families, burma railway

Written in February 1966, this is a letter from the editor or a journalist to a child who had brought a weak young Little Penguin into the office of the Express newspaper in Wonthaggi. February is the time that adult penguins have what is known as a “catastrophic moult" when they lose all of their feathers within a week or 2 and cannot go to the sea to fish. Any chicks left in the burrow will not be fed and need to go to sea themselves to feed. Some are just not strong enough or have mature feathers to do this and perish. Bert West was a Phillip Island resident and manager at the Penguin Parade, who was very knowledgeable about Little Penguins and was able to explain this to the journalist who then wrote the letter. Presumably the photograph had been in a previous edition so this item in the form of a letter to Simon would be a follow up to the original article. This cutting is significant because it indicates that this Little Penguin had been fishing in the Cape Paterson area, and possibly was not able to find sufficient food there. It also indicates that there was apparently no process in place for dealing with weak birds found by the public. Neither the child nor the photographer knew any better than to allow the child to interfere with or hold a sick Penguin as shown in the photo. That is definitely no longer recommended, as we now know that handling a sick bird in that way is very stressful to them and can contribute to poor outcomes for them. Very poor photocopy of single column with large photo of boy holding penguin under textTHE EXPRESSphillip island, penguin parade, cape paterson, bert west, wildlife care, little penguin