Showing 27 items matching "gippsland aboriginal history"
-
Orbost & District Historical SocietyDocument - File Folder, A History of Aboriginal People of East Gippsland, January 1985
... A History of Aboriginal People of East Gippsland......gippsland aboriginal history...On the cover is a label, "History of Aboriginal People of East Gippsland". On the inside cover is a letter addressed to the librarian at the Shire of Orbost Library. ...This item is a useful reference tool on the history of Indigenous People in East Gippsland and the Orbost district. aboriginal australians gippsland aboriginal history kurnai brabawooloong peoples tatungooloong peoples krowathunkooloong peoples on front cover - a stamp -"Orbost Historical Society" A manilla folder with typed pages. ...This item is a useful reference tool on the history of Indigenous People in East Gippsland and the Orbost district. A manilla folder with typed pages. On the cover is a label, "History of Aboriginal People of East Gippsland". On the inside cover is a letter addressed to the librarian at the Shire of Orbost Library. The letter is clipped to the inside of the folder.on front cover - a stamp -"Orbost Historical Society"aboriginal australians, gippsland aboriginal history, kurnai, brabawooloong peoples, tatungooloong peoples, krowathunkooloong peoples -
Orbost & District Historical Societybook, The White Woman, 1994
... of indigenous and settler relationships in early Gippsland. davison-liam aboriginal-history Bottom left corner - orange sticker Orbost Secondary College A book titled "The White Woman" by Liam Davison. ...The white woman of Gippsland, or the captive woman of Gippsland, was supposedly a European woman rumoured to have been held against her will by Aboriginal people in the Gippsland region of Australia in the 1840s. Liam Patrick Davison (29 July 1957 – 17 July 2014) was an Australian novelist and reviewer. He was born in Melbourne, where, until 2007, he taught creative writing at the Chisholm Institute in Frankston. Davison and his wife Frankie, a teacher at Toorak College, were both killed on 17 July 2014 aboard Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 This, his third novel, was shortlisted for both The Age Book of the Year and the Victorian Premier’s Awards.This is a useful research tool on the history of indigenous and settler relationships in early Gippsland.A book titled "The White Woman" by Liam Davison. It is the story of the search for the lost white woman in Gippsland, Victoria, 1846. The cover has a black and white picture of forest with the title in white print.Bottom left corner - orange sticker Orbost Secondary Collegedavison-liam aboriginal-history -
Orbost & District Historical Societybook, Gardner, Peter, Gippsland Massacres, 1983
... Aboriginal-history-East-Gippsland Kurnai massacres...This is an early European history of the region that saw the population of the Kurnai tribes plummet from 3000 to less than 300 in twenty years. Gardner examines the details of five major massacres of Aboriginals that occurred in Gippsland before 1852, as well as other massacre sites....This is an early European history of the region that saw the population of the Kurnai tribes plummet from 3000 to less than 300 in twenty years. Gardner examines the details of five major massacres of Aboriginals that occurred in Gippsland before 1852, as well as other massacre sites. ...This is an early European history of the region that saw the population of the Kurnai tribes plummet from 3000 to less than 300 in twenty years. Gardner examines the details of five major massacres of Aboriginals that occurred in Gippsland before 1852, as well as other massacre sites.A spiral bound book titled "Gippsland Massacres" written by Peter Gardner, The Destruction of the Kurnai Tribe 1800-1860. It has a pale blue cover with black text and a photo of a seated Aborigine. it has 113 pp.aboriginal-history-east-gippsland kurnai massacres -
Orbost & District Historical Societybook, Peisley, Annette, A Shared History, 2006
... This book is a useful research tool on the Aboriginal/European history of East Gippsland. genoa-history aboriginal-bidwell-maap A 31 pp book with a bright red/orange cover titled A Shared History a history of the Bidwell-Maap Aboriginal People and European contact history, Genoa district. ...This book is a useful research tool on the Aboriginal/European history of East Gippsland.A 31 pp book with a bright red/orange cover titled A Shared History a history of the Bidwell-Maap Aboriginal People and European contact history, Genoa district.genoa-history aboriginal-bidwell-maap -
Orbost & District Historical Societybook, A History of the Aboriginal people of East Gippsland by Kym Thompson, January, 1985
... A History of the Aboriginal people of East Gippsland by Kym Thompson...A History of the Aboriginal People of East Gippsland by Kym Thompson. ...A History of the Aboriginal People of East Gippsland by Kym Thompson. ...A manuscript book with a pink cover. A History of the Aboriginal People of East Gippsland by Kym Thompson. It is a report for the Land Conservation Council, Victoria, 1985. Contains archaeological research, history of white invasion and matters related to the preservation of sites of significance in the area. 284pp.book australian-aborigines land-conservation-council thompson-kym -
Orbost & District Historical Societybook, Pioneering East Gippsland, 1983
... Aboriginal art. The book was written by Denis O'Bryan and is a chronological account of the history of East Gippsland. ...history of East Gippsland. Pionering-East-Gippsland O'Bryan-Denis history-East-Gippsland In pen - Marina Johnson $5.95 stamp of Orbost Historical Society Box 344 2190 Orb ost A small paperback book with a bright orange front cover. It has a stylised picture with historical drawings of a settler, sheep and Aboriginal ...The author, Denis O'Bryan was an assistant forester in Orbost, 1977/78.This book is a chronological history of East Gippsland.A small paperback book with a bright orange front cover. It has a stylised picture with historical drawings of a settler, sheep and Aboriginal art. The book was written by Denis O'Bryan and is a chronological account of the history of East Gippsland. It contains black and white photos.In pen - Marina Johnson $5.95 stamp of Orbost Historical Society Box 344 2190 Orb ostpionering-east-gippsland o'bryan-denis history-east-gippsland -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for LanguagesBook, P D Gardner, Through foreign eyes : European perceptions of the Kurnai tribe of Gippsland, 1994
... histories, Victorian Aborigines, Victorian history, local history, Victoria, Gippsland, Kurnai, European B&w illustrations, b&w photographs This book is the second of Gardner's 3 volume history on the Kurnai tribes. It studies the Kurnai through the diaries and letters of various European observers, including an explorer, squatters, government officials, Aboriginal protectors, missionaries and an anthropologist. ...This book is the second of Gardner's 3 volume history on the Kurnai tribes. It studies the Kurnai through the diaries and letters of various European observers, including an explorer, squatters, government officials, Aboriginal protectors, missionaries and an anthropologist. There is also an account of one of the victims, a summary of Gardner's massacre thesis and an appendix on the 'white woman' affair. This book is considered the most professional production of the trilogy and was highly commended in the Caltex-Bendigo Advertiser Awards of 1988. B&w illustrations, b&w photographshistories, victorian aborigines, victorian history, local history, victoria, gippsland, kurnai, european -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for LanguagesBook, Phillip Pepper et al, You are what you make yourself to be : the story of a Victorian Aboriginal family 1842-1980, 1989
... Wotjobaluk Kurnai Ramahyuck Gippsland Lake Tyers b&w photographs, b&w illustrations, tables, word lists, document reproductions The story of the Pepper Family and their life on the Mission at Lake Tyers. This strong family have recounted their tales and the history of the area and the lives and control of Aboriginal people. ...The story of the Pepper Family and their life on the Mission at Lake Tyers. This strong family have recounted their tales and the history of the area and the lives and control of Aboriginal people.b&w photographs, b&w illustrations, tables, word lists, document reproductionswotjobaluk, kurnai, ramahyuck, gippsland, lake tyers -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for LanguagesBook, Ron Vanderwal, John Bulmer's recollections of Victorian Aboriginal life, 1855-1908
... Gunai Kurnai Gippsland Lake Tyers Lakes Entrance King Charley Snowy River Ellen Hood Sarah Moffat Lance McDougall Kassie McDougall Tom Foster Alec McCrae Nellie Blair John Bulmer Victorian history Indigenous social life kinship religion and mythology bush foods maps, b&w photograph, word lists, tables John Bulmer spent forty years of his life as missionary to Aboriginal people in Victoria, in 1855 devoting his activities to communities on the Murray, but most of his life was spent at Lake Tyers where he established a Church of England mission in 1862, In his later years he wrote a series of thirteen papers in which he recorded his observations on the life and times of the people to whom he ministered. ...John Bulmer spent forty years of his life as missionary to Aboriginal people in Victoria, in 1855 devoting his activities to communities on the Murray, but most of his life was spent at Lake Tyers where he established a Church of England mission in 1862, In his later years he wrote a series of thirteen papers in which he recorded his observations on the life and times of the people to whom he ministered. Over a period of several years Alistair Campbell transliterated the manuscripts, altering a little but retaining the flavour of the original text.maps, b&w photograph, word lists, tablesgunai kurnai, gippsland, lake tyers, lakes entrance, king charley, snowy river, ellen hood, sarah moffat, lance mcdougall, kassie mcdougall, tom foster, alec mccrae, nellie blair, john bulmer, victorian history, indigenous social life, kinship, religion and mythology, bush foods -
Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for LanguagesBook, Marie Hansen Fels, Good men and true : the Aboriginal police of the Port Phillip District, 1837-1853, 1988
... Port Phillip District Wimmera Lower Murray District Gippsland Pentridge Stockade Victorian history b&w illustrations The Aboriginal Police in the Port Phillip District were LaTrobe? ...The Aboriginal Police in the Port Phillip District were LaTrobe?s orderlies. This book contrasts what attracted men to this force in comparison with Mission life.�b&w illustrationsport phillip district, wimmera, lower murray district, gippsland, pentridge stockade, victorian history -
Koorie Heritage Trust
Book, Broome, Richard, Arriving, 1984
... Aboriginality. | Religions - Christianity - Missions. | Settlement and contacts - Colonisation - 1788-1850. | Daily life. | Demography - Population dynamics. | Government policy - Integration. | Government policy - State and territory - Victoria. | Health - Infectious diseases - Smallpox. | Land rights. | Socioeconomic conditions - Living conditions. | Race relations - Violent - Massacres murders poisonings etc. - To 1900. | Race relations - Racism - Stereotyping. | Reproduction. | Technology. | Bung Yarnda /? Lake Tyers (E Vic Gippsland SJ55-07) Victoria. | Victoria -- History ...Tells the story of immigrants, from settlement at Port Phillip to date. It also describes the interaction with the Aboriginal people who were already here it spans 50,00 years. First chapter of each volume is an overview of traditional life at the time of contact concentrating on Aboriginal economic life altering/?managing of environment, with discussions of original population estimates and extent of decimation due to; disease in colonial times - smallpox, V.D., Aboriginal and white attitudes, friendships/?violent conflict, continued depopulation, missions/?reserves - 19th/?20th cent. incldg Lake Tyers, contemporary Aboriginal identity, welfare/?land rights programs.v-xiv; 258 P.; : ill. (some col.). ; maps; figs.; notes; index; 26 cm.Tells the story of immigrants, from settlement at Port Phillip to date. It also describes the interaction with the Aboriginal people who were already here it spans 50,00 years. First chapter of each volume is an overview of traditional life at the time of contact concentrating on Aboriginal economic life altering/?managing of environment, with discussions of original population estimates and extent of decimation due to; disease in colonial times - smallpox, V.D., Aboriginal and white attitudes, friendships/?violent conflict, continued depopulation, missions/?reserves - 19th/?20th cent. incldg Lake Tyers, contemporary Aboriginal identity, welfare/?land rights programs.social identity - aboriginality. | religions - christianity - missions. | settlement and contacts - colonisation - 1788-1850. | daily life. | demography - population dynamics. | government policy - integration. | government policy - state and territory - victoria. | health - infectious diseases - smallpox. | land rights. | socioeconomic conditions - living conditions. | race relations - violent - massacres, murders, poisonings etc. - to 1900. | race relations - racism - stereotyping. | reproduction. | technology. | bung yarnda /? lake tyers (e vic gippsland sj55-07) victoria. | victoria -- history. -
Koorie Heritage Trust
Pamphlet, Aboriginal History Programme, Lake Tyers
... Gippsland. Gives the timeline of history for Lake Tyers reserve and mission together with families. Brief history and list of family surnames of residents at Lake Tyers 1878 - 1924. 1 pamphlet 6 P.; ports.; maps; 21 cm. Lake Tyers. Pamphlet Aboriginal ...Gives the timeline of history for Lake Tyers reserve and mission together with families. Brief history and list of family surnames of residents at Lake Tyers 1878 - 1924.1 pamphlet 6 P.; ports.; maps; 21 cm.Gives the timeline of history for Lake Tyers reserve and mission together with families. Brief history and list of family surnames of residents at Lake Tyers 1878 - 1924.communities, settlements, reserves, missions, etc. -- 19th century - general., lake tyers - east gippsland. -
Koorie Heritage Trust
Journal - Serials, Department of Pacific and Southeast Asian History, Australian National University, Aboriginal History - Volume 10. 1-2 1986, 1986
... Gippsland-1860-1890-Missions Relations. | Rowley Charles Dunford (1906Ð1985) | Social identity - Aboriginality | Law - Administrative law - Commonwealth | Social welfare | Government policy - Assimilation - 1926-1950 | Government policy - Assimilation - 1951-1971 | Social behaviour - Social control | Social welfare - Government - Unemployment benefits | Body - Decoration - Body modification | Dance | Death - Mortuary / funeral ceremonies | Death - Mortuary / funeral ceremonies - Mortuary objects - Poles | Sites - Mortuary sites and cemeteries | Weapons - Spears | A series of articles by leading writers on Aboriginal History. 207 P.; bibs.; tables; ports.; footnotes; 25 cm. ...A series of articles by leading writers on Aboriginal History.207 P.; bibs.; tables; ports.; footnotes; 25 cm.A series of articles by leading writers on Aboriginal History.government policy-aborigines, australia-race related. | missions-australia-aborigines-attitudes and treatment., | aborigines, australia-social security. | native police-victoria-history1838., | aborigines-gippsland-1860-1890-missions relations. | rowley, charles dunford (1906ð1985) | social identity - aboriginality | law - administrative law - commonwealth | social welfare | government policy - assimilation - 1926-1950 | government policy - assimilation - 1951-1971 | social behaviour - social control | social welfare - government - unemployment benefits | body - decoration - body modification | dance | death - mortuary / funeral ceremonies | death - mortuary / funeral ceremonies - mortuary objects - poles | sites - mortuary sites and cemeteries | weapons - spears | -
Koorie Heritage Trust
Book, Beesley, Midge, Raymond Island : past present future, 1986
... Urbanisation -- Raymond Island -- Gragin ( The Aboriginal name for Raymond Island) -- Gippsland Lakes...Other: Local History...Urbanisation -- Raymond Island -- Gragin ( The Aboriginal name for Raymond Island) -- Gippsland Lakes Other: Local History -- Kurnai -- Gunai. ...In broad terms, my approach to writing this book has been to present, firstly -- as far as is possible, a general historical background to Raymond Island and it s subsequent development since first being opened up for settlement; secondly, to record the background histories of some of the early settlers; thirdly, by featuring a number of present-day residents, to convey an image of the type of person who today chooses to become an islander and thereby becomes part of a small community that, even in 1986, is 'different'.291 p. : ill. ; index; refs.; maps; 22 cm.In broad terms, my approach to writing this book has been to present, firstly -- as far as is possible, a general historical background to Raymond Island and it s subsequent development since first being opened up for settlement; secondly, to record the background histories of some of the early settlers; thirdly, by featuring a number of present-day residents, to convey an image of the type of person who today chooses to become an islander and thereby becomes part of a small community that, even in 1986, is 'different'.urbanisation -- raymond island -- gragin ( the aboriginal name for raymond island) -- gippsland lakes, other: local history -- kurnai -- gunai. -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Photograph, Trevaskis, A, handover of the Titles of the Lake Tyers Aboriginal Station, Gippsland, Victoria, 1971
... Aboriginals Government Events Social History Copy color photographic print of Sir Rohan Delecombe addressing the crowd inside marquee prior to the handover of the Titles of the Lake Tyers Aboriginal Station, Gippsland, Victoria; to Mr Charlie Carter, seated behind Sir Rohan. handover of the Titles of the Lake Tyers Aboriginal Station, Gippsland, Victoria Photograph Trevaskis, A ...On July 24th 1971, the Titles of the Lake Tyers Aboriginal Station were handed over by the then Governor of Victoria, Sir Rohan Delecombe, to a committee of management consisting of five koori and two white men. All adult residents of the station were to be shareholders and the property could not be disposed of without their unanimous consent.Copy color photographic print of Sir Rohan Delecombe addressing the crowd inside marquee prior to the handover of the Titles of the Lake Tyers Aboriginal Station, Gippsland, Victoria; to Mr Charlie Carter, seated behind Sir Rohan.aboriginals, government, events, social history -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Book, H.J.Malone, A Short History of Central South Gippsland, 12.11.1932
... A record of discovery, exploration and development of Central South Gippsland from aboriginal tribes to townships and industry in the 20th Century Exploration Aboriginals Land settlement A record of discovery, exploration and development of Central South Gippsland from aboriginal tribes to townships and industry in the 20th Century 76 pages A Short History of Central South Gippsland Book H.J.Malone ...A record of discovery, exploration and development of Central South Gippsland from aboriginal tribes to townships and industry in the 20th Century76 pages non-fictionA record of discovery, exploration and development of Central South Gippsland from aboriginal tribes to townships and industry in the 20th Centuryexploration, aboriginals, land settlement -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Document - Report, Land Conservation Council, The History of the Aboriginal People of East Gippsland, January 1985
... The History of the Aboriginal People of East Gippsland...Aboriginal history History, traditions and culture of Aboriginals, sites of significance, archeology A Report Prepared for Land Conservation Council, Victoria by Kym Thompson 142 page document with black binding The History of the Aboriginal People of East Gippsland Document Report Land Conservation Council ...History, traditions and culture of Aboriginals, sites of significance, archeology142 page document with black bindingnon-fictionHistory, traditions and culture of Aboriginals, sites of significance, archeologyaboriginal history -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Book, Coral Dow, Tatungalung Country by Coral Dow, June 2004
... Fishing Land Settlement Aboriginals Environment Guesthouses Boats A comprehensive study of the Gippsland Lakes area told in text, maps and illustrations An Environmental History of the Gippsland Lakes Spiral bound book 82 pages Tatungalung Country by Coral Dow Book Coral Dow ...A comprehensive study of the Gippsland Lakes area told in text, maps and illustrationsSpiral bound book 82 pagesnon-fictionA comprehensive study of the Gippsland Lakes area told in text, maps and illustrationsfishing, land settlement, aboriginals, environment, guesthouses, boats -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Book, Rob Christie, A Convenient Scapegoat and the Gippsland Massacres, 2025
... history Aboriginals Explorers This book looks at the history of Angus McMillian's association with the native population and aims to lower his responsibility for the massacres in Gippsland, relative to what others caused. ...This book looks at the history of Angus McMillian's association with the native population and aims to lower his responsibility for the massacres in Gippsland, relative to what others caused.Soft covered book with colourful cover 234 pagesnon-fictionThis book looks at the history of Angus McMillian's association with the native population and aims to lower his responsibility for the massacres in Gippsland, relative to what others caused.history, aboriginals, explorers -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Photograph - East Gippsland Aboriginal Cultural Trail, Lakes Post Newspaper, 1/12/2000 12:00:00 AM
... planning for the East Gippsland Aboriginal Cultural Trail showing Campbell Gome Richard Pearce and Jason Wilson Aboriginals People Aboriginal history Black and white photograph taken during planning for the East Gippsland Aboriginal Cultural Trail showing Campbell Gome Richard Pearce and Jason Wilson Photograph East Gippsland Aboriginal Cultural Trail Lakes Post Newspaper ...planning for the East Gippsland Aboriginal Cultural Trail showing Campbell Gome Richard Pearce and Jason WilsonBlack and white photograph taken during planning for the East Gippsland Aboriginal Cultural Trail showing Campbell Gome Richard Pearce and Jason Wilsonaboriginals, people, aboriginal history -
Lakes Entrance Historical SocietyPhotograph - Native Title Exploration of Gipplsland Lakes, Lakes Post Newspaper
... Native Title Exploration of Gipplsland Lakes showing Anouchka Lenfer Case Manager with Michael McDaniel and Kim Wilson East Gippsland Aboriginals Aboriginal history Black and white photograph taken during Native Title Exploration of Gipplsland Lakes showing Anouchka Lenfer Case Manager with Michael McDaniel and Kim Wilson East Gippsland Photograph Native Title Exploration of Gipplsland Lakes Lakes Post Newspaper ...Native Title Exploration of Gipplsland Lakes showing Anouchka Lenfer Case Manager with Michael McDaniel and Kim Wilson East GippslandBlack and white photograph taken during Native Title Exploration of Gipplsland Lakes showing Anouchka Lenfer Case Manager with Michael McDaniel and Kim Wilson East Gippslandaboriginals, aboriginal history -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Book, Morgan, Patrick, The Settling of Gippsland - A Regional History, 1997
... A history of Gippsland from Aboriginal occupation to white settlement from the squatting years to present industry. ...Bibliography Aboriginals Settlers A history of Gippsland from Aboriginal occupation to white settlement from the squatting years to present industry. ...A history of Gippsland from Aboriginal occupation to white settlement from the squatting years to present industry. Includes extensive bibliography, indexed.bibliography, aboriginals, settlers -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Book, Fletcher Meredith, Gippsland Heritage Journal No 13, 1992
... Gippsland history. This issue contains articles on photographers Charles Walter and R F Courtney. Aboriginals...Aboriginals World War 1939 - 1945 Schools Photography Transport Issue 13 of a series of Journals showcasing Gippsland history. ...Issue 13 of a series of Journals showcasing Gippsland history. This issue contains articles on photographers Charles Walter and R F Courtney. Aboriginals at Lake Tyers, Italian prisoners of war, the Gippsland Hospital, Dyers Transport, Sale Regent Theatreaboriginals, world war 1939 - 1945, schools, photography, transport -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Book, Gippsland Heritage Journal - issue 19, 1996
... No 19 of series showcasing aspects of Gippsland Victoria history. this issue has articles on Wonthaggi, Wattle Bark Industry, Bargwanaths, career and wreck of the Shah, Serbs migrants in Latrobe Valley, Briagolong, Aboriginals, Great War Nurses, roadside...No 19 of series showcasing aspects of Gippsland Victoria history. this issue has articles on Wonthaggi, Wattle Bark Industry, Bargwanaths, career and wreck of the Shah, Serbs migrants in Latrobe Valley, Briagolong, Aboriginals, Great War Nurses, roadside Aboriginals Township Ships and Shipping Gippsland Heritage Journal - issue 19 Book ...No 19 of series showcasing aspects of Gippsland Victoria history. this issue has articles on Wonthaggi, Wattle Bark Industry, Bargwanaths, career and wreck of the Shah, Serbs migrants in Latrobe Valley, Briagolong, Aboriginals, Great War Nurses, roadsideaboriginals, township, ships and shipping -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Book, LERHS, Boole Poole Metung, 2015c
... Aboriginals Schools Settlers Oil and Gas Industry Information on the history of Metung Rotamah Island and Boole Poole on the Gippsland Lakes Victoria Boole Poole Metung Book LERHS ...Information on the history of Metung Rotamah Island and Boole Poole on the Gippsland Lakes Victoriaaboriginals, schools, settlers, oil and gas industry -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Book, Barraclough, Linda; Squires, Debra; Savige, Dr.Walter, Gippsland Time Line to 1899, 2010
... History Aboriginals Exploration A Gippsland time line - from before time began, until 1899, acquired from Internet, based on a Gippsland chronology to 1899. ...A Gippsland time line - from before time began, until 1899, acquired from Internet, based on a Gippsland chronology to 1899.history, aboriginals, exploration -
Lakes Entrance Historical Society
Postcard - Scenes from around Lakes Entrance and Lake Tyers, H D Bulmer, 1930c
... Includes Club Hotel, Jemmys Point , Footbridge , Buchan Caves Settlement Buildings Community facilities Aboriginal history Black and white collage postcard showing views of Lakes Entrance, Buchan and Lake Tyers Station residents to advertise local area East Gippsland Victoria Postcard Scenes from around Lakes Entrance and Lake Tyers H D Bulmer ...Includes Club Hotel, Jemmys Point , Footbridge , Buchan Caves Black and white collage postcard showing views of Lakes Entrance, Buchan and Lake Tyers Station residents to advertise local area East Gippsland Victoriasettlement, buildings, community facilities, aboriginal history
