The Gembrook Nurseries, informally known as the Nobelius Nurseries after the founder Carl Axel Nobelius, began with the purchase of sixty-three acres in 1886 and boomed in the 1890s due to opportunities provided by employment-promoting schemes to develop public parks and gardens and street shade by local and State Governments around Australia. Trees were sold to more than forty councils and Government organisations in the 1890s, including the Department of Agriculture, Lands Department and Victorian Railways. The need to transport nursery products by train via Ferntree Gully rather than by bullock dray to Narre Warren was a factor in the successful petition to develop what is now known as the Puffing Billy Railway. Railway developments in 1900 included the creation of a siding and Packing Shed, known as Nobelius Station, which is featured in this photograph. The Packing Shed was able to handle 250,000 cases of fruit each year. Gembrook Nurseries had an indirect influence on the development of other farms and industries in the region. As a wholesale nursery with high sales volumes it was an important employer of local people. Peak season for employees was during the cooler months, during most farmers' off-season. This provided local farmers with a source of income while their own farms were becoming established.The photograph is significant because it depicts personnel and infrastructure associated with the Gembrook or Nobelius Nurseries, a business which was instrumental to the development of Emerald as a settlement in the 19th and 20th Centuries and also influenced the development of public and private gardens and the farming of several species in Australia and internationally. The Nobelius Nursery is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.Black and white rectangular photograph printed on print media paper. The image is captioned 'Lunch Hour at the Packing Shed, Gembrook Nurseries.' It depicts thirty-one men (including one adolescent) and one woman posing for a group photograph behind approximately five large product bales resting in a rectangular metal rail cargo carriage. One of the men has a bandage across one eye. The people depicted are wearing clothing indicating the image may have been taken in the early 20th century. The Packing Shed building (built in 1900) and several stacked wooden storage crates are visible behind the group.Obverse: 59 NOR (?) 10 (?) + / LUNCH HOUR AT THE PACKING SHED, GEMBROOK NURSERIES. /1900s, gembrook nurseries, nobelius nurseries, carl axel nobelius, packing shed, railway, puffing billy railway, nursery employees, farming, agriculture, government initiatives

Raywood is portrayed as a close-knit, self-reliant rural community where local businesses and residents play a central role in sustaining town life. Residents take initiative, such as managing the swimming pool access themselves and seeking new financial services after the local bank agency closed. Local businesses adapt to challenges, like the butcher expanding to home deliveries to stay afloat. The butcher's shop, pub, general store, and newsagency are central to daily life and social interaction.Business owners, such as Ron the butcher and Stewie the shopkeeper, are deeply invested in the town's survival and continuity. The closure of the Commonwealth Bank agency was met with community resolve to prove their independence. Young people increasingly spend money outside town, posing a challenge to local commerce. Government costs and changing economic conditions have impacted local employment and services. Residents participate in school councils, volunteer firefighting, and community organizations. The town school remains a focal point, with about 80 pupils and hopes to avoid closure or change. Despite hardships, such as floods and fires, residents like Dennis and Jill O'Gorman (publicans) and the Neate family remain committed to Raywood.Long-term residents, like Stewie, emphasize the importance of keeping both their businesses and the town alive. Raywood's story highlights the importance of local initiative, adaptability, and strong community ties in maintaining rural town life. Northern United Football Club won four consecutive premierships, but some locals feel these victories were tainted because the club paid high prices to attract top players from Bendigo.When the financial support ended, these players left, leaving the club without a strong foundation or new local talent. The club struggled after the departure of paid players, lacking reliable and affordable local players. A drought period followed, with Northern United going two years without a win. The club recently celebrated a rare victory, only its second in two-and-a-half years, which brought great joy to the community. The town now values these hard-earned wins more than the earlier, expensive premierships.Small Towns With Big Hearts Ravenswood. Series of photos and information about Raywood. Pictures by Peter Hyett. Written by Wayne Gregson. This item contains the following documents newspaper articles and black and white photos: 8091.606a Part of Page 22, the Bendigo Advertiser Weds Nov 03 1993 8091.606b Part of Page 22, the Bendigo Advertiser Wednesday Nov 03 1993 8091.606c Black and White Photo of Ron the Butcher - Contact BHS for Details 8091.606d Black and White Photo of Beverley Neale, the Post Mistriss - Contact BHS for Details 8091.606e Black and White Elevated view of Raywood and countryside - Contact BHS for Details 8091.606f Black and White General Store and Town Hall - Contact BHS for Details 8091.606g Black and White Photo of Sign Posts - Contact BHS for Details 8091.606h Black and White Photo of Stewie McGregor Store-keeper - Contact BHS for Details 8091.606i Black and White Photo of Dennis and Jill O'Gorman Publicans of the Raywood Hotel - Contact BHS for Details 8091.606j Black and White Photo of an old cart behind a fence - Contact BHS for Detailsnewspaper, bendigo advertiser, raywood

Australian - Polish Community Services was established as an independent organisation at the inaugural meeting on the 10th May 1983. There were four full-time workers who used office at 1 French Street, Footscray by the courtesy of MRC Footscray. The office acted as a first point of contact for all persons of the Polish community who needed welfare services or assistance of any kind. Currently the agency manages eight aged care programs (funded by the federal and state governments) that support over 500 clients a week, with a particular focus on elders from Eastern European backgrounds. Additionally, organisation's activities include emergency relief, English and computer classes, aged care courses and several sustainability projects per year.first Annual Report in history of Australian - Polish Community Services which highlights initiatives and achievements undertaken during the first year of existencecolour: cream, 10 pages including cover page, one-sided printingsignature of Treasurer J.B. Talaskaannual report, 1983, polish community

Minor thesis submitted as part of the Master of Arts in Public History, Monash University, by Pat Hawkins, member of the PMH&PSCompeting ideas for the inner city - local responses to central planning initiatives in the City of Port Melbourne 1925 - 1985 by F Patricia Hawkins, 1991built environment, town planning, local government - city of port melbourne, f patricia (pat) hawkins

4-275 P.; plates; ill,; appendices; notes; bib.; index; 22 cm.Surveys traditional life and values, confrontations with the British; violent conflicts with settlers, native police throughout the country; attacks on Aboriginal initiative at Coranderrk, Cumeroogunja and other settlements; racial legislation, missionary attitudes; cattle industry, mining; discrimination; growth of Aboriginal rights movement, Aboriginal organizations, land rights.aboriginal australians -- social conditions. | race discrimination -- australia. | australia -- race relations. | economic sectors - agriculture and horticulture - pastoral industry - beef cattle | religions - christianity - missions | settlement and contacts - 20th century | enterprises - pastoral industry | government policy - assimilation | government policy - initial period and protectionism | government policy - integration | government policy - state and territory - new south wales | government policy - state and territory - victoria | law - land | land rights - mining industry | land rights - pastoral industry | socioeconomic conditions - living conditions | occupations - pastoral industry workers | law enforcement - police - native police | law enforcement - police conduct and attitudes | politics and government - political action - land rights | race relations - violent - massacres, murders, poisonings etc. - to 1900 | race relations - racism - stereotyping |

Jacana Primary School was established in 1959 during a period of rapid suburban expansion in Melbourne’s northern corridor. Situated in the suburb of Jacana, the school was part of a broader post-war initiative aimed at delivering accessible public education to communities shaped by migration, industrial growth, and government housing programs. Over the decades, Jacana Primary evolved alongside its community, reflecting the changing social and cultural landscape of the area. By the 1990s and early 2000s, the school had become a vibrant and inclusive environment, welcoming students from a wide range of cultural and socio-economic backgrounds. This diversity was embraced through inclusive teaching practices, multicultural celebrations, and student leadership initiatives such as the junior student council. The 2006 photograph captures a moment near the end of the school’s operation, showcasing the unity and shared purpose of its students and staff. It highlights the school’s role not only as a place of learning but also as a centre for community building, civic engagement, and social support. Although Jacana Primary School closed in the early 2000s, its legacy endures through archival materials like this photograph. These records offer valuable insights into the role of public education in shaping community identity and fostering social cohesion during a transformative period in Melbourne’s suburban history. The 2006 Students and Staff photograph from Jacana Primary School is a historically significant visual record that captures the final chapter of a school deeply embedded in Melbourne’s northern suburban landscape. Established in 1959 during a wave of post-war development, Jacana Primary was part of a broader initiative to provide accessible public education to communities shaped by migration, industrial growth, and housing expansion. This photograph reflects the school’s enduring commitment to inclusion, diversity, and community engagement. By the early 2000s, Jacana Primary had become a vibrant educational environment, welcoming students and staff from a wide range of cultural and socio-economic backgrounds. The image documents the collaborative spirit and shared purpose that defined the school’s ethos, highlighting its role as both a learning institution and a centre of social cohesion. As one of the final visual records before the school’s closure, the photograph holds particular significance. It offers insight into the lived experiences of students and educators during a transformative period in Melbourne’s suburban history and stands as a testament to the lasting impact of public education in fostering community identity and resilience.A colour photograph mounted on matte Paper with a purple border(Blue Label) PH - 5383 Classic Studios VIC order: p337249 / Frame x Jacana whole school item 4 Kodak Professional / Endura Paper. papier. papel / Professional images are/ copyright protected / Dutch copyright Gerschütz jacana primary school, education, photograph, group photograph, 2006, students and staff, jacana

Social issues and theory: 1. Social cohesion and human nature; 2. Social cohesion and government; 3. The role of individuality; 4. The conflict of technique and human nature; 5. Control and initiative; 6. Individual and social ethics.General interest.Paperback book; purple, black and white background; red and black lettering; 94 pages.Front cover: title and author's name. Back cover: newspaper reviews. "Sabina Baloukonis" and "Dot" inscribed on first page. btlc, ballarat trades hall, ballarat regional trades and labour council, sociology, governance, social conditions, community